Arabuluculuk süreçlerinde toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizlikleri, güç dengesizlikleri ve farklılıkların yönetilmesi

Hukuk uyuşmazlıklarının çözümünde, kişilerarası iletişimin kurulmasıyla uygun müzakere koşullarının sağlanarak, kişiler arasında yaşanan sorunun barışçıl yöntemlerle çözümüne olanak sağlayan arabuluculuk, bireyin insan olarak hukuksal eşitliğinin sağlanması, cinsiyete dayalı ayrımcılığın önlenmesi ile güçsüz, dezavantajlı konumdaki bireylerin, toplum-sal farklılıklar üzerinden şekillenen güç dengesizliklerini gidermeye yönelik toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği bakış açısı ile toplumsal cinsiyet ihtiyaçlarının doğru bir şekilde analiz edilebilmesini esas almaktadır. Çalışmamızda, ara-buluculuk süreçlerinde, bireyin insan olarak hukuksal eşitliğinin, toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğinin sağlanması, cinsiyete dayalı ayrımcılığın önlenmesi ile güçsüz, dezavantajlı konumdaki bireylerin, toplumsal farklılıklar üzerinden şekillenen güç dengesizliklerini gidermeye yönelik toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği bakış açısı ile toplumsal cinsiyet ihtiyaçlarının analiz edilebilmesinin, uyuşmazlıkların çözümü bakımından taşıdığı önem, farklı bakış açılarıyla vurgulanmaktadır. Araştırmalarda, farklı cinsiyete sahip bireylerin farklı ihtiyaçlar ile farklı bakış açılarına sahip oldukları, uyuşmazlık çözüm süreçlerine gelirken birbirleriyle aynı norm ve değerlerle gelmedikleri tespit edilmiştir. Arabuluculuk temel ilke ve esasları ile etik kuralları çerçevesinde, arabuluculuk sürecinde eşitlik, tarafsızlık, bağımsızlık, iradilik, gizlilik, güvenin sağlanması ve tarafların sürece katılım konusundaki toplumsal cinsi-yet eşitsizlikleri, dezavantajlar ve güç dengesizliği nedeniyle olası engellerin giderilmesi için, farkındalığın artırılması ile toplumsal cinsiyet dengeli ara-buluculuğun uygulanması önerilmektedir.Mediation, which enables the solution of the problems between indi-viduals through peaceful methods, bye stablishing appropriate negotiation conditions bye stablishing inter personal communication in the resolution of legal disputes, ensuring the legal equality of the individual as a human being, preventing discrimination based on gender, andeliminatingthe po-wer imbalances of weak and disadvantaged individuals, which are shaped by social differences. It is based on the accurate analysis of gender needs with a gender equality perspective. In our study, in mediation processes, ensuring the legal equality of the individual as human, gender equality, preventing gender-based discrimina-tion, and analyzing the gender needs of weak and disadvantaged individual swith a gender equality perspective to eliminate the power imbalances sha-ped by social differences, Its importance is emphasized with different pers-pectives. In studies, it has been determined that individuals with different gender shave different needs and perspective sand that they do not come to the same norms and values when coming to conflict resolution processes. With in the frame work of the basic principles and principles of mediation and ethical rules, in order to eliminate possible obstacles dueto gender in equalities, disadvantages and power imbalances in the mediation process, ensuring equality, impartiality, independence, will, confidentiality, trus-tandparticipation of theparties in theprocess, awareness raising and gender balanced mediation application is recommended

Muhtelif parametreler ışığında üstgeçit/altgeçit mukayesesi: Karabük-Safranbolu örneği

Concrete, stone, steel, and wooden materials are used in the construction of pedestrian over/underpasses. However, there has still been uncertainty when preferring the construction of over or underpass. In this study, an inventory of pedestrian overpasses and underpasses in Karabuk-Safranbolu region was presented in the light of various parameters. Two kinds of overpasses (constructed as steel and reinforced concrete) and an underpass were selected, and cost analyses were carried out comparatively. Additionally, face-to-face surveys were carried out with 300 people in 3 different over/underpass locations, and the results were evaluated by SPSS (statistical package for social sciences) ANOVA (analysis of variance). The advantages and disadvantages of over/underpasses in terms of cost, safety, ease of use/comfort, saving of time, user preference, aesthetic, construction period are revealed by means of the survey studies, data collected by General Directorate of Highways (KGM) and on-site observations, and then presented with tables and graphics. There has not been any standard, regulation, code, or design and safety criteria for the construction of underpasses/overpasses in our country and it is thought that this study will contribute to decision-making process of related authorities such as municipalities, general directorate of highways, etc.Yaya geçitlerinin inşasında ahşap, betonarme, çelik veya kompozit malzemeler kullanılmaktadır. Ancak günümüzde, inşa edilecek olan yaya üst/altgeçitlerinden hangisinin tercih edilmesi gerektiği hususunda çeşitli belirsizlikler bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Karabük-Safranbolu bölgesinde yer alan yaya üst ve altgeçitlerinin çeşitli parametreler ışığında bir envanteri oluşturulmuştur. Çelik ve betonarme olarak inşa edilmiş iki farklı üstgeçit ile bir altgeçit seçilerek mukayeseli bir şekilde maliyet analizleri yapılmıştır. Ayrıca 3 farklı lokasyonda her biri 100’er kişi olmak üzere toplamda 300 kişiyle yüz yüze anket çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiş, elde edilen sonuçlar SPSS (statistical package for social sciences) ANOVA (analysis of variance) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Anket çalışmaları, Karayolları Genel Müdürlüğü’nden (KGM) elde edilen veriler ve yerinde gözlemler ile kullanıcılar tarafından ortaya konulan güvenlik, kullanım kolaylığı/konfor, zaman tasarrufu, altgeçit/üstgeçit tercihi, estetiklik gibi hususlarda avantaj ve dezavantajları tablo ve grafikler eşliğinde ortaya konulmuştur. Ülkemizde altgeçit/üstgeçitlerin imalatında yeterli düzeyde standart, tasarım ve güvenlik kriteri bulunmamakta olup çalışmanın Belediyeler, KGM gibi yetkili mercilerin karar verme süreçlerinde yararlanabileceği bir kaynak olacağı düşünülmektedir

Gasoline-like fuel produced from waste tire mixed with gasoline and ıts' affect on engine performance and exhaust emission

Bu çalışmada, atık lastik sıvısında üretilen benzin benzeri yakıtın (BBY) ve benzin yakıtına (BY) kütlesel olarak 10%, 20%, ve 30% oranlarında BBY ile yapılan karışımının, buji ateşlemeli (BA) motorda performans ve egzoz emisyon karakteristikleri incelenmiştir. Deneylerde, fren torku, güç, ortalama fren efektif basıncı, fren özgül yakıt tüketimi ve ısıl verimlilik parametleri test edilmiştir. Ayrıca, egzoz gaz sıcaklığı, NO, NOx, CO, CO2, ve HC emisyonları analiz edilmiştir. BBY'nin yüzdeliği BY'de artınca güç, fren torku, ortalama fren efektif basıncı ve termal verimlilik artarken fren özgül yakıt tüketimi azalmıştır. BBY oranin karışımda artirilmasiyla, CO2, NOx, NO emisyonları artarken, CO azalmıştır. Ayrıca, HC ve O2 emisyonu artmıştır. Test sonuclarina gore, numuneler problemsiz olarak yanmistir

Deregulation of Cancer-Associated Genes in Odontogenic Cysts

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the key role of differential expression levels of RB1, TP53, XIAP, BCL2 AIFM3, BAX, CASP3 and CASP9 genes in odontogenic cysts. Materials and Methods: A total number of 15 patients who diagnosed with odontogenic cyst were enrolled for the present study. For the quantitative gene expression analysis, cyst and adjacent gingival healthy tissues of patients were collected during surgical assessments. Quantitative analysis of gene expression levels RB1, TP53, XIAP, BCL2 AIFM3, BAX, CASP3 and CASP9 were achieved real-time PCR method. For the optimization of gene expression levels GAPDH reference gene was used. Results: Expression of both RB1 and TP53 genes were markedly diminished in odontogenic cysts tissues as compared to healthy tissues (p<0.05). Likewise, levels of CASP3 and CASP9 genes were found to be significantly reduced in odontogenic cysts tissues compared to healthy tissues (p<0.05). In contrast, expression levels of XIAP was significantly elevated (p<0.05). Although BCL2, AIFM3, and BAX genes were also differentially expressed in odontogenic cysts tissues, these variations were statistically insignificant (p>0.05).  Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicates that RB1, TP53, XIAP, CASP3 and CASP9 genes might have chief roles in formation odontogenic cysts and responsible for the increased cell proliferation in these tissues

Performance of a swimming pool heating system by utilizing waste energy rejected from an ice rink with an energy storage tank

This study deals with determining the long period performance of a swimming pool heating system by utilizing waste heat energy that is rejected from a chiller unit of ice rink and subsequently stored in an underground thermal energy storage (TES) tank. The system consists of an ice rink, a swimming pool, a spherical underground TES tank, a chiller and a heat pump. The ice rink and the swimming pool are both enclosed and located in Gaziantep, Turkey. An analytical model was developed to obtain the performance of the system using Duhamel’s superposition and similarity transformation techniques. A computational model written in MATLAB program based on the transient heat transfer is used to obtain the annual variation of the ice rink and the swimming pool energy requirements, the water temperature in the TES tank, COP, and optimum ice rink size depending on the different ground, TES tank, chiller, and heat pump characteristics. The results obtained from the analysis indicate that 6–7 years’ operational time span is necessary to obtain the annual periodic operation condition. In addition, an ice rink with a size of 475 m2 gives the optimum performance of the system with a semi-Olympic size swimming pool (625 m2)

Investigating thermal performance of an ice rink cooling system with an underground thermal storage tank

This study deals with mathematical modeling and energy analysis of an ice rink cooling system with an underground thermal energy storage tank. The cooling system consists of an ice rink, chiller unit, and spherical thermal energy storage tank. An analytical model is developed for finding thermal performance of the cooling system. The model is based on formulations for transient heat transfer problem outside the thermal energy storage tank, for the energy needs of chiller unit, and for the ice rink. The solution of the thermal energy storage tank problem is obtained using a similarity transformation and Duhamel superposition techniques. Analytical expressions for heat gain of the ice rink and energy consumption of the chiller unit are derived as a function of inside design air, ambient air, and thermal energy storage tank temperatures. An interactive computer program in Matlab based on the analytical model is prepared for finding hourly variation of water temperature in the thermal energy storage tank, coefficient of performance of the chiller, suitable storage tank volume depending on ice rink area, and timespan required to attain an annually periodic operating condition. Results indicate that operation time of span 6–7 years will be obtained periodically for the system during 10 years operating time

The role of hepcidin and its related genes (BMP6, GDF-15, and HJV) in rats exposed to ischemia and reperfusion

Background/aim: To determine the roles of hepcidin and its related genes in a renal ischemia/reperfusion model. Materials and methods: A total of 20 Wistar albino rats were equally divided into 2 groups: Group I was the control group and Group II was the ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) group (60 min of ischemia + 48 h of reperfusion). I/R was performed on the left kidneys of these rats and then the I/R-treated kidneys were removed. The levels of serum biochemical markers were evaluated after renal I/R. The expression levels of hepcidin-linked genes [growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6), and hemojuvelin (HJV)] were also measured by RT-PCR technique. In addition, the tissues were evaluated histopathologically. Results: No significant association was found between renal dysfunction and I/R when compared to biochemical parameters (P > 0.05). However, differences in platelet values were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Expression levels of GDF-15, BMP6, and HJV genes increased, but this increase was not statistically significant. In addition, histopathological evaluation was performed using hematoxylin and eosin stain. This showed a significant relationship between the control group and I/R group for ischemic and nonischemic kidney scoring. Conclusion: Hepcidin and BMP6, HJV, and GDF-15 should be taken into account when investigating the process of I/R.Background/aim: To determine the roles of hepcidin and its related genes in a renal ischemia/reperfusion model. Materials and methods: A total of 20 Wistar albino rats were equally divided into 2 groups: Group I was the control group and Group II was the ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) group (60 min of ischemia + 48 h of reperfusion). I/R was performed on the left kidneys of these rats and then the I/R-treated kidneys were removed. The levels of serum biochemical markers were evaluated after renal I/R. The expression levels of hepcidin-linked genes [growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6), and hemojuvelin (HJV)] were also measured by RT-PCR technique. In addition, the tissues were evaluated histopathologically. Results: No significant association was found between renal dysfunction and I/R when compared to biochemical parameters (P > 0.05). However, differences in platelet values were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Expression levels of GDF-15, BMP6, and HJV genes increased, but this increase was not statistically significant. In addition, histopathological evaluation was performed using hematoxylin and eosin stain. This showed a significant relationship between the control group and I/R group for ischemic and nonischemic kidney scoring. Conclusion: Hepcidin and BMP6, HJV, and GDF-15 should be taken into account when investigating the process of I/R

Review of seasonal heat storage in large basins: water tanks and gravel-water pits

In order to respond to climatic change, many efforts have been made to reduce harmful gas emissions. According to energy policies, an important goal is the implementation of renewable energy sources, as well as electrical and oil combustion savings through energy conservation. This paper focuses on an extensive review of the technologies developed, so far, for central solar heating systems employing seasonal sensible water storage in artificial large scale basins. Among technologies developed since the late 70s, the use of underground spaces as an energy storage medium - Underground Thermal Energy Storage (UTES) - has been investigated and closely observed in experimental plants in many countries, most of them, as part of government programmes. These projects attempt to optimise technical and economic aspects within an international knowledge exchange; as a result, UTES is becoming a reliable option to save energy through energy conservation. Other alternatives to UTES include large water tanks and gravel-water pits, also called man-made or artificial aquifers. This implies developing this technology by construction and leaving natural aquifers untouched. The present article reviews most studies and results obtained in this particular area to show the technical and economical feasibility for each system and specifics problems occurred during construction and operation. Advantages and disadvantages are pointed out to compare both alternatives. The projects discussed have been carried out mainly in European states with some references to other countries

The Investigation of Antidiabetic Effects of Leontice leontopetalum Extract on Human Pancreatic β Cell Lines (1.1B4) Treated with Streptozotocin

One of the alternative therapeutic methods is herbal medicine. Leontice leontopetalum belongs to Berberidaceae family. The aim of study was investigated the extract of LL on human pancreatic beta cell-treated with STZ. Materials and methods: The human pancreatic beta cell (1.1B4) line was used the current study. LL’s extracts (1, 10, 100, and 1000 ug/ml) were supplemented in media for twenty-four hours and/or after STZ treatment (10 and 20 mM). Cells survivals (MTT), cells proliferation were shown by using xCelligence. Insulin content and releasing were measured at 1.1, 8.4 and 16.7 mM glucose concentrations. Results: The result of MTT was shown that cell survival was decreased, based on dose-dependent. When looked at xCelligence results, cell proliferation in STZ groups and the lowest and highest concentrations of LL were attenuated in a dose-dependent manner. Also, cotreatments of LL and STZ were decreased as well. The result of insulin-releasing on glucose induction was shown that STZ concentration gave rise to reduce insulin content at low and high glucose levels. Also, co-treatment of LL and STZ attenuated insulin content based on dose. Conclusion: It was considered that LL treatment led to increased insulin realizing, resulting from decreasing insulin content in diabetic beta cells, but decrease cell survival

Futbolda solunum parametrelerinin yaş gruplarına göre değişimi

Araştırma; alt yapı futbolcularının yaş gruplarına göre dinamik ve statik akciğer volümlerinin değişimleri arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırıp bulmak ve çıkan sonuçları kontrol grupları ile karşılaştırabilmek için yapıldı. Sporcuların boy, kilo ve yaşları belirlenerek bunun yanında statik ve dinamik akciğer kapasiteleri ölçülmüştür. Spirometrik ölçümler Cosmed Pony Graphic spirometre cihazı ile yapıldı . Araştırma minik takım (12-13 yaş), yıldız takım (14-15 yaş), B-genç takımı (16-17 yaş), A genç takımı (18-19 yaş) oyuncularından seçilen toplam 144 futbolcu üzerinde uygulanmıştır. Kontrol grubu için ise aynı yaş gruplarından 48 kişilik spor yapmayan grup seçildi. Çalışmada alt yapı futbolcularının ve kontrol grubunun zorlu vital kapasite(FVC), maksimal solunum kapasitesi(MVV), 1. saniyedeki zorlu ekspirasyon volümü(FEV1), tiffeneau oranı(FEV1/FVC), en yüksek ekspirasyon akımı(PEF), en yüksek inspirasyon akımı(PIF), zorlu vital kapasitenin sipesifik iki noktası (%25-75) arasındaki akım hızı(FEF25-75) parametreleri ölçülmüş ve birbirleriyle karşılaştırıldı. Araştırmada; FEV1/FVC dışındaki solunum parametrelerinin, futbol oynayan deneklerde yaş büyüdükçe anlamlı bir şekilde arttığı saptandı. Spor yapan grup ile yapmayan karşılaştırıldığında solunum parametreleri açısından minik ve yıldız takım yaş gruplarında parametrelerde matematiksel farklılıklar olsa da istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunamadı. B-genç ve Özellikle Agenç kategorilerinde FVC, FEV1, PEF, PIF, FEF25-75 ve MVV değerleri, futbol oynayanlarda oynamayanlara göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecelerde yüksek bulundu