HISTORY AND RESULTS OF THE INTRODUCTION OF PALMS (ARECACEAE C.H. SCHULTZ) ON THE SOUTHERN COAST OF THE CRIMEA

The results of the introduction of palms have been summarized, and the assortment, opportunities and conditions of their cultivation on  the Southern Coast of the Crimea (SCC) defined. Long-term  observations on the experimental plants with an assessment of their  prospects according to a frosting scale during severe winters and  biometric measurements of their habit by instrumental methods  have been conducted. The article describes the history and results of the palms' introduction beginning from 1814 up to the present  moment. It was established that growth and development of palms  in the NBG's arboretum depend not only on their winter resistance  but also on the growing conditions and cultivation practices. The  results of the palms' introduction over a 30-year span of the  research (1984-2014) through the example of their growth and  development in the NBG's arboretum have been summed up. The  data about the characteristic habits and reproductive capabilities for  the year 1984 have been provided and compared with the same  parameters obtained in 2014 on the same experimental trees. A  picture of actual damages of various palm species during severe  winters has been shown, and the degree of their tolerance to  extreme negative temperatures determined. A promising assortment of palms tested in the NBG's arboretum has been identified, and the  conditions of their cultivation on the SCC shown. The environmental  and biological criteria influencing growth and development of 12  species of palms have been defined. Recommendations as to  agricultural practices, protection in winter, and rational utilization of palms in ornamental gardening have been provided

Chronic diseases of adults programmed in childhood

The conditions of human development during the stages of early ontogenesis are of great importance for human health throughout the rest of his life. The period of intrauterine development and childhood are vulnerable stages of organism formation, when metabolic processes have the greatest plasticity and can be subject to deformation. Exposure to a number of external factors during this period of time can have a significant impact on the functional activity of genes controlling neurotransmission, immune response, endocrine functions and, thus, program the spectrum of metabolic disorders that can lead later to the formation of chronic diseases: obesity, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis and diseases of cardiovascular system. Negative programming influence on the metabolic profile and cardiovascular risk is caused by such factors as maternal obesity, complicated pregnancy and childbirth, prematurity, early separation from the mother, violation of child feeding in the 1st year of life. The risk of early development of cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, obesity and diabetes mellitus is significantly increased in individuals who have experienced traumatic stressors during childhood associated with economic disadvantage of the family, parental divorce, neglect, abuse, parental neglect, sexual violence, death of parents, family members, close friends, bullying in the children's community. An in-depth study of this problem, along with the development and organization of measures for monitoring and prevention, in the long term can reduce the burden of chronic non-infectious diseases, improve quality of life, reduce disability, incapacitation and mortality in the adult population.

Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency – an underestimated cause of hypercholesterolemia in children

Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL-D) is a rare, progressive, autosomal recessive disease, which develops due to impaired degradation and subsequent intra-lysosomal accumulation of triglycerides and cholesterol esters causing dyslipidemia. The clinical manifestations of the disease presumably depend on the residual activity of the enzyme, lysosomal acid lipase. A profound deficiency of the enzyme known as Wolman’s disease has an onset in the first 6 months of life. The disease reveals itself by dyspeptic disorders in the form of vomiting and diarrhea, lack of weight gain, hepatosplenomegaly, and adrenal calcification. If the Wolman’s disease is not treated, children die within the first 6 months as a result of exhaustion caused by malabsorption syndrome combined with progressive deterioration of liver and adrenal glands. Partial deficiency of lysosomal acid lipase manifests itself at a later age and is called cholesterol ester storage disease. Its clinical presentations include hepatosplenomegaly, elevated transaminases, hypercholesterolemia, and, in some cases, hypertriglyceridemia. Liver failure is the main cause of death in the natural course of cholesterol ester storage disease. Delayed diagnosis of the disease leads to its progression causing irreversible liver damage. The implementation of mass screening programs with the determination of cholesterol levels in childhood is critical to identifying asymptomatic patients.The article presents a clinical case of a patient aged 3 years. The molecular genetic testing showed a mutation in exon 8 of the LIPA gene: NM_000235.3:c.894G>A synonymous variant in the homozygous state. It was also found that both parents of the girl had this type of mutation in the heterozygous state. The patient was prescribed sebelipase alfa in a dose of 1 mg/kg once every 14 days. The treatment was well tolerated. Due to the early verification of the diagnosis and timely pathogenetic therapy, the prognosis of the course of LAL-D, the duration and quality of life of the child were considered to be favourable.Raising the awareness of doctors along with the introduction of effective screening programs for the timely detection of dyslipidemia in children contributes to timely diagnosis and early initiation of pathogenetic therapy, which can increase the life expectancy of patients with lysosomal acid lipase deficiency and improve their quality of life

Total Cross Section, Inelasticity and Multiplicity Distributions in Proton -- Proton Collisions

Multiparticle production in high energy proton -- proton collisions has been analysed in the frame of Strongly Correlated Quark Model (SCQM) of the hadron structure elaborated by the author. It is shown that inelasticity decreases at high energies and this effect together with the total cross section growth and the increasing with collision energy the masses of intermediate clusters result in the violation of KNO -- scaling.Comment: 21 pages, 11 figures, submitted to Yad. Fisik

Intermittency in Branching Processes

We study the intermittency properties of two branching processes, one with a uniform and another with a singular splitting kernel. The asymptotic intermittency indices, as well as the leading corrections to the asymptotic linear regime are explicitly computed in an analytic framework. Both models are found to possess a monofractal spectrum with $\varphi_{q}=q-1$. Relations with previous results are discussed.Comment: 20 pages, UCLA93/TEP/2

Clan structure analysis and QCD parton showers in multiparticle dynamics. An intriguing dialog between theory and experiment

This paper contains a review of the main results of a search of regularities in collective variables properties in multiparticle dynamics, regularities which can be considered as manifestations of the original simplicity suggested by QCD. The method is based on a continuous dialog between experiment and theory. The paper follows the development of this research line, from its beginnings in the seventies to the current state of the art, discussing how it produced both sound interpretations of the most relevant experimental facts and intriguing perspectives for new physics signals in the TeV energy domain.Comment: 118 pages, 48 figures; table of contents fixed for hyperre

Measurement of charged particle multiplicities in pppp collisions at s=7{\sqrt{s} =7}TeV in the forward region

The charged particle production in proton-proton collisions is studied with the LHCb detector at a centre-of-mass energy of ${\sqrt{s} =7}$TeV in different intervals of pseudorapidity $\eta$. The charged particles are reconstructed close to the interaction region in the vertex detector, which provides high reconstruction efficiency in the $\eta$ ranges $-2.5<\eta<-2.0$ and $2.0<\eta<4.5$. The data were taken with a minimum bias trigger, only requiring one or more reconstructed tracks in the vertex detector. By selecting an event sample with at least one track with a transverse momentum greater than 1 GeV/c a hard QCD subsample is investigated. Several event generators are compared with the data; none are able to describe fully the multiplicity distributions or the charged particle density distribution as a function of $\eta$. In general, the models underestimate the charged particle production

Effects of alirocumab on types of myocardial infarction: insights from the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial

Aims  The third Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (MI) Task Force classified MIs into five types: Type 1, spontaneous; Type 2, related to oxygen supply/demand imbalance; Type 3, fatal without ascertainment of cardiac biomarkers; Type 4, related to percutaneous coronary intervention; and Type 5, related to coronary artery bypass surgery. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction with statins and proprotein convertase subtilisin–kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors reduces risk of MI, but less is known about effects on types of MI. ODYSSEY OUTCOMES compared the PCSK9 inhibitor alirocumab with placebo in 18 924 patients with recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and elevated LDL-C (≥1.8 mmol/L) despite intensive statin therapy. In a pre-specified analysis, we assessed the effects of alirocumab on types of MI. Methods and results  Median follow-up was 2.8 years. Myocardial infarction types were prospectively adjudicated and classified. Of 1860 total MIs, 1223 (65.8%) were adjudicated as Type 1, 386 (20.8%) as Type 2, and 244 (13.1%) as Type 4. Few events were Type 3 (n = 2) or Type 5 (n = 5). Alirocumab reduced first MIs [hazard ratio (HR) 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77–0.95; P = 0.003], with reductions in both Type 1 (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.77–0.99; P = 0.032) and Type 2 (0.77, 0.61–0.97; P = 0.025), but not Type 4 MI. Conclusion  After ACS, alirocumab added to intensive statin therapy favourably impacted on Type 1 and 2 MIs. The data indicate for the first time that a lipid-lowering therapy can attenuate the risk of Type 2 MI. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction below levels achievable with statins is an effective preventive strategy for both MI types.For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz299</p