La disfunción sexual femenina, un problema de salud infradiagnosticado

Màster d'Estudis de Dones, Gènere i Ciutadania, Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Geografia i Història, any: 2016-2017, Tutores: Carme Bertrán y Dolors JuvinyàEste trabajo de investigación es fruto del interés por querer aprender y dar respuesta a las numerosas dudas y reflexiones planteadas en consulta de fisioterapia. La fisioterapia es una ciencia de la salud definida por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) desde 1958 como la ciencia del tratamiento a través de medios físicos, ejercicio terapéutico, masoterapia y, según la Confederación Mundial por la Fisioterapia (WCPT), esta profesión sanitaria tiene como objetivo facilitar el desarrollo, mantención y recuperación de la máxima funcionalidad y movilidad del individuo o grupo de personas a través de su vida (WCPT, 2017). Trabajo como fisioterapeuta desde 1996 y estoy especializada en Suelo Pélvico y, sus disfunciones, desde el año 2007. Durante todos estos años he tenido la oportunidad de compartir mi tiempo de trabajo con mujeres que han confiado sus problemas de salud en mi experiencia profesional..

Seleenilisä säilörehuun säilöntäaineen mukana

Kotieläinten riittävästä seleeninsaannista joudutaan huolehtimaan tilakohtaisesti, sillä Suomen maaperässä on niukasti seleeniä. Läheskään aina rehuja ei ole tuotettu lannoitteilla, joihin seleeniä on lisätty eikä kotieläintuottaja pysty aina suoraan vaikuttamaan ostamansa rehun lannoituskäytäntöön. Vaikka suoranaiset seleeninpuutosoireet ovat nykyisin tiloilla harvinaisia, seleenilisien käyttöön motivoivat tutkimustulokset riittävän seleeninsaannin terveyttä edistävistä vaikutuksista. Ruokinnassa seleenin lisäämisen erityinen haaste on oikean annostuksen varmistaminen, sillä liian suuri seleeniannos johtaa helposti myrkytyksiin. Erityisen haasteellista optimaalisen seleenilisän antaminen on eläinryhmille, jotka saavat lähes ainoastaan säilörehua, kuten hiehot ja ummessa olevat lehmät. Säilörehun säilöntäaine annostellaan suuttimilla rehuvirtaan korjuukoneessa. Annostelun tasaisuus on tärkeää säilönnän onnistumisen kannalta. Säilöntäaineen annostelun yhteydessä on mahdollista lisätä rehuun myös seleeniä, sillä seleeninlisäysmäärä on niin pieni, että se voidaan lisätä happosäilöntäaineeseen lopputuotteen annostelusuositusta muuttamatta. Seleenin lisääminen säilöntäaineeseen voidaan tehdä tehdasolosuhteissa valvotusti ja turvallisesti. Säilöntäkokeessa todennettiin, että säilöntäaineeseen (AIV Ässä, Kemira Oyj) lisätty natriumselenaatti säilyy rehussa. Säilöttävä nurmi oli timoteinurminatakasvuston toinen sato, jota oli kyseisellä kasvukaudella lannoitettu seleenittömällä väkilannoitteella. Kasvusto niitettiin niittomurskaimella ja korjattiin tarkkuussilppurilla ilman säilöntäainetta. Säilöntäainekäsittelyt (Ässä + selenaatti 0,05 %; Ässä + selenaatti 0,005 %; Ässä + selenaatti 0,001 %; vesi + selenaatti 0,005 %; ei säilöntäainetta) lisättiin rehueriin laboratoriossa ja kutakin käsittelyä kohden rehua säilöttiin kolmeen 12 l siiloon. Siilot avattiin 107 päivän säilöntäjakson jälkeen. Säilöntäaineessa annosteltu natriumselenaatti säilyi rehuissa säilöntäprosessin ajan. Seleenin muuttumista orgaaniseen muotoon ei havaittu. Tulosten perusteella natriumselenaatti ei vaikuttanut säilöntätulokseen, mutta AIV Ässä rajoitti käymistä ja valkuaisen hajoamista säilönnän aikana ilman säilöntäainetta säilöttyihin rehuihin verrattuna. Säilörehun säilöntäaineeseen lisättävän seleenin määrää rajaavat tuotteen käyttösuositus ja nurmirehun seleenipitoisuus, sillä rehun seleenipitoisuus ei saa ylittää sallittua pitoisuutta (0,5 mg/kg rehussa, jonka kosteus on 12 %, MMM 43/2005). Nämä rajat huomioiden säilöntäaineeseen voidaan lisätä seleeniä määrä, joka varmistaa ummessa olevan lehmän riittävän seleenin saannin säilörehusta myös tilanteessa, jossa nurmi ei ole saanut seleenilannoitusta

Biotransformation of Selenium by Lactic Acid Bacteria: Formation of Seleno-Nanoparticles and Seleno-Amino Acids

Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for the majority of living organisms, and it has been identified as selenocysteine in the active site of several selenoproteins such as glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin reductase, and deiodinases. Se deficiency in humans is associated with viral infections, thyroid dysfunction, different types of cancer, and aging. In several European countries as well as in Argentina, Se intake is below the recommended dietary Intake (RDI). Some lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can accumulate and bio-transform selenite (toxic) into Se-nanoparticles (SeNPs) and Se-amino acids (non-toxic). The microbial growth, Se metabolite distribution, and the glutathione reductase (involved in selenite reduction) activity of Se-enriched LAB were studied in this work. The ninety-six assayed strains, belonging to the genera Lactococcus, Weissella, Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Fructobacillus could grow in the presence of 5 ppm sodium selenite. From the total, eight strains could remove more than 80% of the added Se from the culture medium. These bacteria accumulated intracellularly between 1.2 and 2.5 ppm of the added Se, from which F. tropaeoli CRL 2034 contained the highest intracellular amount. These strains produced only the seleno-amino acid SeCys as observed by LC-ICP-MS and confirmed by LC-ESI-MS/MS. The intracellular SeCys concentrations were between 0.015 and 0.880 ppm; Lb. brevis CRL 2051 (0.873 ppm), Lb. plantarum CRL 2030 (0.867 ppm), and F. tropaeoli CRL 2034 (0.625 ppm) were the strains that showed the highest concentrations. Glutathione reductase activity values were higher when the strains were grown in the presence of Se except for the F. tropaeoli CRL 2034 strain, which showed an opposite behavior. The cellular morphology of the strains was not affected by the presence of Se in the culture medium; interestingly, all the strains were able to form spherical SeNPs as determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Only two Enterococcus strains produced the volatile Se compounds dimethyl-diselenide identified by GC-MS. Our results show that Lb. brevis CRL 2051, Lb. plantarum CRL 2030, and F. tropaeoli CRL 2034 could be used for the development of nutraceuticals or as starter cultures for the bio-enrichment of fermented fruit beverages with SeCys and SeNPs.Fil: Martínez, Fernando Gabriel. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Química Analítica; . Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Moreno Martin, Gustavo. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Química Analítica;Fil: Pescuma, Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Madrid Albarrán, Yolanda. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Química Analítica;Fil: Mozzi, Fernanda Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentin

Food prospects of selenium enriched-Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL 636 and Lactobacillus reuteri CRL 1101

Selenium, which is present as SeCys in selenoproteins, is involved in cancer prevention, thyroid functioning, and pathogen inhibition. Lactobacilli can biotransform inorganic Se into seleno-amino acids. Growth, Se accumulation and seleno-amino acid formation by Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL636 and L. reuteri CRL1101 in a Se-supplemented medium were studied. Moreover, survival of Se-enriched strains to different pH values and bile salts was analyzed. L. acidophilus CRL636 showed low growth rate in the presence of Se while differences were less evident for L. reuteri CRL1101, which displayed higher amounts of intracellular SeCys and SeMet than the CRL636 strain. Interestingly, both lactobacilli could produce Se-nanoparticles. Se-enriched lactobacilli showed lower growth rates than non-Se exposed cells. The adverse effect of bile salts and the ability to survive at pH 4.0 diminished for the Se-enriched L. reuteri strain. The studied lactobacilli could be used as Se-enriched probiotics or as a vehicle for manufacturing Se-containing fermented foods.Fil: Pescuma, Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: Gomez Gomez, Beatríz. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: Perez Corona, Teresa. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: Font, Graciela Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Madrid Albarrn, Yolanda. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: Mozzi, Fernanda Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucuman. Centro de Referencia Para Lactobacilos; Argentin

Análisis de la posible citotoxicidad asociada a las nanopartículas de selenio mediante herramientas de Proteómica cuantitativa

Comunicaciones a congreso

Functional fermented beberages enriched in seleno-amino acids and seleno-nanoparticles

Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for human health, which is found as selenocysteine (SeCys) in the active site of Se-dependent enzymes involved in the response to oxidative stress and in thyroid functions. The main inorganic Se forms, selenite and selenate are toxic. Some lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can reduce Se salts into seleno-nanoparticles (SeNPs) and seleno-amino acids, which are non-toxic and highly bioavailable forms. In several European countries, as well as in Argentina, Se intake is below the recommended dietary intake (RDI). Se-enrichment of foods is an attractive strategy to increase its ingestion. We aimed to formulate a fermented fruit juice-milk beverage (FJMB) bio-enriched in Se. The fruit-origin strains Fructobacillus tropaeoli CRL 2034 and Levilactobacillus brevis CRL 2051 were grown with or without 5 mg/L of Se prior to co-inoculation (1% of each strain) in the FJMB and were incubated 14 h at 30 °C. The survival of the strains under storage conditions (6 °C, 52 days), and after digestion [using an in vitro gastrointestinal system (GIS)] was analyzed. The strains grew (up to 8.6 U log each) and acidified FJMB reaching a final pH of 4.6. Sugar metabolism and organic acid production were similar for control and selenized cells (RP-HPLC); while mannitol production by selenized cells of the Fructobacillus was lower (0.18 ± 0.03) than control cells. The studied strains could not degrade the proteins present in the FJMB (SDS-PAGE). Selenized cells increased the beverage total Se concentration (ICP-MS, 84.9 ± 4.5 μg/L) and biotransformed selenite into SeCys (39.1 ± 0.4 μg/L) and SeMet (6.1 ± 0.1 μg/L) as detected by LC-ICP-MS. Moreover, SEM images of the fermented FJMB revealed the presence of SeNPs attached to the cell surface of both strains. Interestingly, microbial resistance at the end of the shelf life was greater (between 0.5 and 0.7 U log) for selenized than non-selenized cells. However, no differences were observed in the sugar and organic acid concentrations between treated and non-treated cells and a lower (0.29 ± 0.04 g/L) mannitol production was detected at 28 day incubation by the treated strains. After GIS digestion, a decrease in the cell counts of F. tropaeoli and L. brevis (1.60 and 0.80 U log, respectively) was observed. Interestingly, 64.3 ± 3.3 μg total Se/L partly as SeCys (25.8 ± 2.3 μg/L) and SeMet (2.4 ± 0.2 μg/L) were found in the FJMB supernatant after intestinal digestion, highlighting the bioaccessibility of these compounds. Remarkably, 250 mL of the FJMB could cover 64% of the Se RDI (25 μg/day), from which 28% is composed by seleno-amino acids. Our results suggest that selenized cells of F. tropaeoli CRL 2034 and L. brevis CRL 2051 could be used for formulating functional Se-enriched beverages to improve this micronutrient intake in humans.Fil: Martínez, Fernando Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; EspañaFil: Moreno Martin, Gustavo. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; EspañaFil: Madrid Albarrán, Yolanda. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; EspañaFil: Ordoñez, Omar Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Pescuma, Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentina. Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Mozzi, Fernanda Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaLVI Annual Meeting of the Argentine Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research; XV Annual Meeting of the Argentinean Society for General MicrobiologyVirtualArgentinaSociedad Argentina de Investigación en Bioquímica y Biología MolecularSociedad Argentina de Microbiología Genera

CD2v interacts with Adaptor Protein AP-1 during African swine fever infection

African swine fever virus (ASFV) CD2v protein is believed to be involved in virulence enhancement, viral hemadsorption, and pathogenesis, although the molecular mechanisms of the function of this viral protein are still not fully understood. Here we describe that CD2v localized around viral factories during ASFV infection, suggesting a role in the generation and/or dynamics of these viral structures and hence in disturbing cellular traffic. We show that CD2v targeted the regulatory trans-Golgi network (TGN) protein complex AP-1, a key element in cellular traffic. This interaction was disrupted by brefeldin A even though the location of CD2v around the viral factory remained unchanged. CD2v-AP-1 binding was independent of CD2v glycosylation and occurred on the carboxy-terminal part of CD2v, where a canonical di-Leu motif previously reported to mediate AP-1 binding in eukaryotic cells, was identified. This motif was shown to be functionally interchangeable with the di-Leu motif present in HIV-Nef protein in an AP-1 binding assay. However, we demonstrated that it was not involved either in CD2v cellular distribution or in CD2v-AP-1 binding. Taken together, these findings shed light on CD2v function during ASFV infection by identifying AP-1 as a cellular factor targeted by CD2v and hence elucidate the cellular pathways used by the virus to enhance infectivity.This work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of Spain, BFU2010-17794 (YR); European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme, KBBE.2012.1.3-02-ASFORCE (YR). Ricardo Madrid was funded by an Amarauto research program and by FIS-641 PS09/01386.Peer Reviewe

Los derechos de emisión como instrumento para alcanzar Kyoto: el caso del sector eléctrico

La firma del protocolo de Kyoto tiene el objeto de reducir la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero mediante instrumentos como el comercio de “derechos de emisión”. Cada estado europeo publica la cuantía de derechos de emisión que asigna a cada sector. En el caso de España se materializa en el Plan Nacional de Asignación (PNA) de Derechos de Emisión. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar el funcionamiento del comercio de emisiones como instrumento para el cumplimiento del Protocolo de Kyoto y su influencia sobre la oferta de energía eléctrica. Adicionalmente, se observará la respuesta del gobierno al sistema eléctrico en la concesión de nuevos derechos de emisión en el nuevo Plan 2008-2012. ABSTRACT The signature of the Kyoto’s Protocol has the aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, through several instruments as the market of emission rights. Each European Estate must publish the amount of rights that are assigned to each sector. In the case of Spain, this is published in the “Plan Nacional de Asignación (PNA) de Derechos de Emisión”. The aim of this work is to review the "Emission trading system" as an instrument in order to fulfil the Kyoto Protocol and its influence on the offer of electricity. In addition, we will analyse the government response to the electric industry related to the concession of new “emission rights” in the new 2008-2012 Plan.   &nbsp