An investigation of the effects of dual-task balance exercises on balance, functional status and dual-task performance in children with Down syndrome

PurposeTo investigate the effects of dual task (DT) balance exercises on functional status, balance, and DT performance in children with Down Syndrome (DS).MethodsParticipants were divided into two groups: intervention group (IG; n = 13) and control group (CG;n = 14). WeeFIM was used to measure the functional independence level and balance was evaluated using the Pediatric Balance Scale. DT performance was assessed using Timed Up and Go, Single Leg Stance, Tandem-Stance and 30 s Sit to Stand tests without concomitant task, with motor task or cognitive task. The IG received 16 sessions of DT training twice a week for 8 weeks.ResultsFunctional level, balance, and DT performance improved significantly in the IG, whereas only balance improved in the CG. Significantly better results were achieved in the IG, as demonstrated by greater pre/post-treatment changes.ConclusionDT balance exercises improved functional level, balance and DT performance of children with DS

The Efficiency of the BTR-Pen System in Removing Different Types of Broken Instruments from Root Canals and Its Effect on the Fracture Resistance of Roots.

The study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the BTR-Pen system in removing different types of instrument fragments from root canals and to assess its effect on fracture resistance of the roots after the removal of the instruments. One hundred thirty human teeth were divided into 10 groups (2 control groups and 8 study groups) according to the localization and type of the fractured fragment as well as the retrieval techniques. Broken instruments were extracted either with BTR-Pen system loops or removed using solely ultrasonic tips. The success rate of instrument removal and consumed time were recorded. All the teeth were subjected to a load at a 1 mm/min rate in a universal testing machine for mechanical testing. The success of removing broken instruments using the BTR-Pen and ultrasonic was 86.7% and 83.3%, respectively ( > 0.05). When the time is compared, the BTR-Pen system (23.97 ± 8.35 min) showed similar results to that of the ultrasonic technique (24.1 ± 8.28 min) ( > 0.05). The BTR-Pen group required less force to fracture than the ultrasonic group ( = 0.024). In conclusion, the BTR-Pen and ultrasonic groups showed no significant difference in terms of the success rate and removal time. The roots that underwent instrument removal using the BTR-Pen system had less fracture resistance.This research was funded by Kocaeli University, grant number: 2020/2391

EVALUATION OF THE CRITERIA AFFECTING THE DEATH RATE UNDER-5 BY THE ENTROPY-BASED TOPSIS METHOD

Introduction and Aim: One of the criteria used in determining the health levels of countries, planning health services and determining priorities is the under-5 mortality rate. The aim of this study is to weight the criteria that may affect the under-5 mortality rate and to compare the countries in the WHO Europe region in line with these criteria. Material and methods: The criteria have been obtained as a result of literature review. These; Conjugated pneumococcal, hepatitis B and measles vaccination rates in children under 1 year of age, percentage of children 0-14 years of age with tuberculosis, adolescent pregnancy, percentage of premature deaths among the causes of death under the age of 5, crude birth rate, country's exposure to air pollution, current health expenditure as percentage of gross domestic product, current health expenditure per capita in US$, domestic general government health expenditure as percentage of current health expenditure, domestic private health expenditure as percentage of current health expenditure, out-of-pocket expenditure as percentage of current health expenditure. The data was obtained from WHO. The Entropy Weighting Method was used to obtain the objective weights of the criteria that affect the under-5 mortality rate, and the TOPSIS method was used to rank the countries." Results and discussion: When the criteria affecting under-5 mortality rate were evaluated, it was found that the highest level of importance was percentage of children with tuberculosis. This is followed by the variables 'current health expenditure per capita in US$' and 'adolescent pregnancy', respectively. Relatively less important among the criteria was rate of children with 2 doses of measles vaccine. When the ranking of countries was made analysis, it was determined that "Switzerland" was in the best condition. "Slovakia" ranked last. Conclusion: In order to reduce the mortality rate under 5 years of age, it is recommended to plan interventions to reduce tuberculosis rates first

USING SOME POME FRUIT TREES IN LANDSCAPE DESIGNS

Landscape; when viewed from a point of view, natural and cultural beings that are able to enter into the frame of view are brought together to form a fountain. The materials that make up the live decor of the areas consist of especially the large trees of the plant kingdom, shrubs, undergrowths, ivies, single annual, biennial or perennial herbaceous plants, that is, roots consist of onion, lumpy or rhizomaceous herbaceous plants, grass plants and water plants which can be kept on the ground continuously. Among these, wild and cultured forms of soft-seeded fruits constitute an important place. In this study, the functional and visual use of wild plants such as wild pear, pear, apple, quince and their wild forms in different landscape designs have been investigated. In plantation studies, plants can be used in esthetic, functional or both ways to be more effective. It can also be growth for economic reasons. Economically cultivated species are particularly high economic values. However, they are often used for esthetic purposes outside of commercial assets, such as in other fruit trees. For this reason, the most common uses are to take advantage of both fruit and to benefit from the visual effect of flowers and fruit

Monitoring the 5'UTR landscape reveals isoform switches to drive translational efficiencies in cancer

Transcriptional and translational control are key determinants of gene expression, however, to what extent these two processes can be collectively coordinated is still poorly understood. Here, we use Nanopore long-read sequencing and cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE-seq) to document the landscape of 5' and 3' untranslated region (UTR) isoforms and transcription start sites of epidermal stem cells, wild-type keratinocytes and squamous cell carcinomas. Focusing on squamous cell carcinomas, we show that a small cohort of genes with alternative 5'UTR isoforms exhibit overall increased translational efficiencies and are enriched in ribosomal proteins and splicing factors. By combining polysome fractionations and CAGE-seq, we further characterize two of these UTR isoform genes with identical coding sequences and demonstrate that the underlying transcription start site heterogeneity frequently results in 5' terminal oligopyrimidine (TOP) and pyrimidine-rich translational element (PRTE) motif switches to drive mTORC1-dependent translation of the mRNA. Genome-wide, we show that highly translated squamous cell carcinoma transcripts switch towards increased use of 5'TOP and PRTE motifs, have generally shorter 5'UTRs and expose decreased RNA secondary structures. Notably, we found that the two 5'TOP motif-containing, but not the TOP-less, RPL21 transcript isoforms strongly correlated with overall survival in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. Our findings warrant isoform-specific analyses in human cancer datasets and suggest that switching between 5'UTR isoforms is an elegant and simple way to alter protein synthesis rates, set their sensitivity to the mTORC1-dependent nutrient-sensing pathway and direct the translational potential of an mRNA by the precise 5'UTR sequence

Influence of colonic mesenteric area on the number of lymph node retrieval for colon cancer: a prospective cohort study

Purpose The minimum harvested 12 lymph nodes (LNs) is regarded as the limit for accurate staging of nodal status in colorectal cancer patients. Besides the association of the lengths of resected intestinal segments and vascular pedicles, the mesocolic mesenteric area’s impact on LN count has not been studied. We aimed to evaluate the associations between metric variables, including the mesocolic mesentery area on the nodal harvest. Methods All consecutive patients who underwent elective colectomy with a curative intention for colon adenocarcinoma were prospectively included. The metric variables included the lengths of resected intestinal segments, vascular pedicle, and colonic mesenteric area. The variables influencing the LN count and the correlation between the total LN count and the specimens’ relevant metric measurements were analyzed. Results There were 46 patients with a median age of 64 years. The median count for total LNs was 22, and the LN positivity was 59.2%. There was an inadequate LN yield (0.05). There were significant positive correlations between total LN number and length of vascular pedicle and mesenteric area (r=0.576, P<0.001 and r=0.566, P<0.001). Conclusion The length of the vascular pedicle and mesenteric area were significantly correlated with total LN counts. Although there was no significant impact on the length of resected segments, the colonic mesenteric area can be used alone as a measure for the assessment of the nodal yield in colon cancer

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Adaptation, growth and bio-economic evaluation of wild-caught salema (<em>Sarpa Salpa</em> Linnaeus, 1758) juveniles in culture conditions

694-701Present study was conducted to provide information on the adaptation capability of salema to culture conditions and evaluate growth performance and bio-economic benefits as a potential candidate for marine aquaculture and alternative to fishing. Wild fish caught using casting nets were fed with trash fish initially until adapted to tank conditions. Thereafter fish were adapted to pellets by gradual replacement of trash feed. Dry feed adapted fish were then fed experimental diets containing four different protein levels (25, 30, 35, and 40%). Overall, salema fed lower protein diets showed better performance and bio-economic results. Broken-line analyses indicated that the optimum protein for best performance were 30.5% under the conditions applied in this study. Finally, salema might be acclimatized to culture conditions and artificial diets, however, further studies are encouraged under different water temperatures with long-term feeding and different stocking densities, artificial spawning and fry production before a conclusion on the feasibility of salema culture can be made

Sale price classification models for real estate appraisal

This study aims to determine the parameters that are effective on sale prices and to obtain the functions that determine the appropriate sale price ranges of real estates. In this context, a total of 138 real estates, which are located in Bayrakl?? district of Izmir, Turkey and that were for sale between April and June 2019, were investigated. The effects of 17 parameters on the sale price of the real estates were examined through statistical analysis. Thirteen parameters that have been determined to be effective have been used in developing the distinctive functions that decide the sale price ranges of real estates. The results show that parameters such as real estate???s area, age, furniture status, central heating system, playground, pool and gym are statistically significant on the sale price of the real estates. In addition, the functions obtained by using these parameters classified 78.3% of real estate sale prices in the correct range