Corporate Philanthropy: A Systematic Review

A systematic review of the corporate philanthropy literature is conducted. A sample of 60 academic articles was created and analyzed. The sample was examined to (1) develop a definition of corporate philanthropy contrasting it with related concepts; (2) review how corporate philanthropy has been examined theoretically; (3) review how it has been operationalized and determine commonly examined control, independent and dependent variables; (4) the societal implications of corporate philanthropy and (5) identify gaps in the literature and areas for future research. Findings suggest there is little cohesion in the literature regarding a standard definition, wide use of theories to situate corporate philanthropy, and several narrow conceptualizations with opportunities for an empirical and theoretical investigation to enhance the understanding of corporate philanthropy. The gaps identified in the literature review consist of (1) the further study of corporate philanthropy as an independent variable to determine the impacts of corporate action; (2) whether there is a certain amount of optimality associated with corporate donations; (3) whether there are cultural limitations to the findings of attitude towards corporate philanthropy, and (4) a fuller study of the risks and/or benefits posed by corporate philanthropy to society

Nonlinear modelling of sheep and goat populations in India

The objective of this paper was to study the trend in population of sheep and goat populations during 1951 to 2012 in India. The data were compiled from various issues of BAHS (Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics) for the period 1951 to 2012. Different nonlinear growth models such as Parabolic/Sikka, Brody, Brody modified, Wood, Logistic and Gompertz models were fitted to the census data of sheep and goat population. The goodness of fit of the models was tested by Coefficient of determination (R2), Adjusted coefficient of determination (R2), Mean Square Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Akaike Information Criteria (AIC). The populations of sheep and goat in India during the year 1951 were 39.10 million and 47.20 million numbers respectively and reached 135.17 million and 65.06 million respectively in the year 2012. Based on the various measures of goodness of fit we observed that the Parabolic/Sikka model was the best fitted model for studying the pattern in the populations of sheep and goat in India. This model has been used to project the sheep and goat population in India during 2020, 2025 and 2030. If the present pattern of growth continued in near future then the projected sheep population will be 102.37 million numbers whereas goat population will be 151.57 million numbers in the year 2030. The present study will provide the pattern in which the changes have been observed in sheep and goat populations in India during 1951 to 2012

Performance of Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) hybrids for yield and quality traits

Twenty-eight F1 combinations of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) obtained from half-diallel cross along with eight diverse parents were evaluated in a field study to elucidate the information on the extent of mean performance of various horticultural traits. The analysis revealed that all the genotypes possessed wide spectrum of variability and showed significant differences for parents and hybrids for the traits studied. For parents UHF CHI 13 (216.20), UHF CHI 15 (193.80), UHF CHI 5 (139.00) and for hybrids H1 (182.60), H9 (181.40) and H7 (172.80) hold highest fruit count per plant. The parents UHF CHI 5 (1047.13 g), UHF CHI 15 (949.62 g) and UHF CHI 7 (912.61 g) and cross combinations H17 (1535.10 g), H8 (1320.00), H6 (1229.76) and H18 (967.60) recorded the high ripe fruit yield per plant. As for earliness, parents UHF CHI 5 (43.33), UHF CHI 11 (45.00), UHF CHI 7 (45.33) and hybrids H27 (42.67), H26 (43.00) and UH28 (43.00) took minimum days for flowering. For pungency UHF CHI 12 (0.28 %), UHF CHI 13 (0.26 %), DKC-8 (0.24 %) and H23 (0.33 %), H5 (0.31 %), H26 (0.26 %) recorded high capsaicin content

Measuring the Impact of Conservation : The Growing Importance of Monitoring Fauna, Flora and Funga

Many stakeholders, from governments to civil society to businesses, lack the data they need to make informed decisions on biodiversity, jeopardising efforts to conserve, restore and sustainably manage nature. Here we review the importance of enhancing biodiversity monitoring, assess the challenges involved and identify potential solutions. Capacity for biodiversity monitoring needs to be enhanced urgently, especially in poorer, high-biodiversity countries where data gaps are disproportionately high. Modern tools and technologies, including remote sensing, bioacoustics and environmental DNA, should be used at larger scales to fill taxonomic and geographic data gaps, especially in the tropics, in marine and freshwater biomes, and for plants, fungi and invertebrates. Stakeholders need to follow best monitoring practices, adopting appropriate indicators and using counterfactual approaches to measure and attribute outcomes and impacts. Data should be made openly and freely available. Companies need to invest in collecting the data required to enhance sustainability in their operations and supply chains. With governments soon to commit to the post-2020 global biodiversity framework, the time is right to make a concerted push on monitoring. However, action at scale is needed now if we are to enhance results-based management adequately to conserve the biodiversity and ecosystem services we all depend on.This paper was made possible by funding from the Swiss Network for International Studies to the University of Lausanne (L.F. and P.J.S.) and its partners under the project: "Unblocking the flow of biodiversity data for multi-stakeholder environmental sustainability management". The research was carried out, in part, by GNG at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (80NM0018D0004). PAVB was supported by the project MACRISK-PTDC/BIA-CBI/0625/2021, through the FCT-FundacAo para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia. YNB acknowledges support from the Audemars-Watkins Foundation for the CBCR's protected area monitoring work featured in this paper.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Measuring the Impact of Conservation: The Growing Importance of Monitoring Fauna, Flora and Funga

Many stakeholders, from governments to civil society to businesses, lack the data they need to make informed decisions on biodiversity, jeopardising efforts to conserve, restore and sustainably manage nature. Here we review the importance of enhancing biodiversity monitoring, assess the challenges involved and identify potential solutions. Capacity for biodiversity monitoring needs to be enhanced urgently, especially in poorer, high-biodiversity countries where data gaps are disproportionately high. Modern tools and technologies, including remote sensing, bioacoustics and environmental DNA, should be used at larger scales to fill taxonomic and geographic data gaps, especially in the tropics, in marine and freshwater biomes, and for plants, fungi and invertebrates. Stakeholders need to follow best monitoring practices, adopting appropriate indicators and using counterfactual approaches to measure and attribute outcomes and impacts. Data should be made openly and freely available. Companies need to invest in collecting the data required to enhance sustainability in their operations and supply chains. With governments soon to commit to the post-2020 global biodiversity framework, the time is right to make a concerted push on monitoring. However, action at scale is needed now if we are to enhance results-based management adequately to conserve the biodiversity and ecosystem services we all depend on

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Three species of Phallus (Basidiomycota: Agaricomycetes: Phallaceae) from Jammu & Kashmir, India

In this paper, three species of Phallus viz., P. macrosporus, P. rubicundus and P. hadriani are described, illustrated and discussed along with habitat photographs and line drawings of microscopic features.  Out of these, P. macrosporus is new to India. P. rubicundus is new to Jammu &amp; Kashmir whereas P. hadriani constitutes a new report of its occurrence from the Jammu Province. A key to the investigated species is also provided. </div

Synthesis and structural elucidation of bis(N-/S-alkyl 2-aminocyclopentenel- carbodithiato)diorganosilicon(IV)

604-608Reactions of R2SiCl2<span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:calibri;="" mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#4c4c4c;mso-ansi-language:en-in;="" mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"=""> (R=Me, Ph) with sodium salts of 2- aminocyclopentene-1-carbodithioic acid and its N-/S-alkyl derivatives...</span