Novi AMS datumi iz sub-neolitskih najdišč na območju južnega dela reke Bug (Ukrajina) in težave s kronologijo kulture Bug-Dnester

Ideas about the origin of the Buh-Dnister Culture under the influence of the Danube Early Neolithic were questioned by series of radiocarbon dates falling into the second half of the 7th millennium BC measured on bones at the Kyiv laboratory in 1998–2004. To start addressing this problem, 11 AMS dates on organic inclusions in the ceramic paste and charred residues on the surface of vessels were obtained at the Tokyo University laboratory. Apart from two heavily overestimated values, measured on samples with very low carbon content, they fall into the range of the 60th–46th century BC that correspond better to the primary views of this chronology. However, the issues of the time and direction of spreading of the first pottery in the region need further research.Zaradi vrste radiokarbonskih datumov, ki sodijo v čas druge polovice 7. tisočletja pr. n. št. in so jih izmerili na kosteh v Kijevskem laboratoriju med leti 1998 do 2004, smo podvomili v zamisli o izvoru kulture Bug – Dnester pod vplivom Donavskega zgodnjega neolitika. Da bi lahko razrešili to vprašanje, smo v univerzitetnem laboratoriju v Tokiju pridobili 11 AMS datumov iz organskih vključkov v lončarskih masah in zoglenelih organskih ostankov na površinah posod. Razen dveh izredno precenjenih vrednosti, ki smo jih izmerili na vzorcih z nizko vsebnostjo ogljika, padejo datumi v razpon od 60. do 46. stoletja pr. n. št., kar je bolj v skladu s prvotnimi stališči o tej kronologiji. Ne glede na te rezultate pa bo potrebno čas in smer širitve prve lončenine v tej regiji še dodatno preučiti

Ukraine as the crossroad for agricultural dispersal in eurasia

With remarkable progress of archaeobotany in decades, we should reconsider the dispersal of agriculture in Eurasia as multi tiered, multi directional, and long term movements. The territories to the north of the Black Sea, mainly the present Ukraine, are one of the key area to discuss the EastWest movements. There are comparatively many archaeobotanical dataset derived from impressions in pottery, and have been quoted often. In particular, exceptionally early start of agriculture compared to the neighbouring region has been predicted based on the early cereals prior to 6000BC

Interacción de germoplasma de maíz en diferentes localidades y ambientes de la provincia del Chaco

El maíz es uno de los cereales más utilizados a nivel mundial. Su importancia radica en su condición de materia prima renovable y  no contaminante constituyéndose como una fuente de energía alternativa. Actualmente se cultivan diferentes  híbridos  de maíz  en la provincia del Chaco, siendo importante conocer la adaptabilidad que los  mismos  presentan en los  ambientes  donde se desarrollan. El objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en estudiar la interacción genotipo-ambiente analizando el rendimiento que presentan distintos tipos de germoplasma de maíz en las condiciones ambientales y edafológicas donde se desarrollan. Para ello se seleccionaron localidades representativas de la provincia del Chaco, donde se encuentra concentrada la mayor productividad del cultivo de maíz, para efectuar los ensayos. Posteriormente se realizaron determinaciones  del rendimiento de las  muestras  registrando datos  de las  condiciones ambientales  y  edafológicas  en las  regiones  analizadas. Los  datos  obtenidos  muestran rendimientos entre 36,81 a 106,22 qq/ha, temperaturas de 24 °C, pH de 6,50 a 7,50; nitrógeno entre 0,068 y 0,150 ppm y fósforo entre 55,8 y 74,2 ppm y heliofanía efectiva de 7,36 h. Este estudio permitió analizar el comportamiento de determinados  germoplasmas  en diferentes  condiciones  ambientales  y edafológicas y establecer el efecto que éstas generan en el rendimiento de los mismos.Corn is one of the most widely used cereals worldwide. Its importance lies in its condition as a renewable and non-polluting raw material, constituting itself as an alternative energy source. Currently different germplasm are cultivated in the province of Chaco, being important to know the adaptability that they present in the environments where they develop. The objective of the present work consisted of studying the genotype-environment interaction analyzing the performance of different types of germplasm in the environmental and edaphological conditions where they develop. For this, representative localities of the province of Chaco were selected, where the highest productivity of the corn crop is concentrated, to carry out the tests. Subsequently, determinations of the performance of the samples were made, collecting data on the environmental and edaphological conditions in the analyzed regions. The data obtained show yields between 36.81 to 106.22 qq/ha (quintals / hectare), temperatures of 24 °C (degrees Centigrade), pH of 6.50 to 7.50; nitrogen between 0.068 and 0.150 ppm (parts per million) and phosphorus between 55.8 and 74.2 ppm and effective heliophany of 7.36 hs (hours). This study allowed us to analyze the behavior of certain germplasm in different environmental and edaphological conditions and establish the effect they generate on their performance.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Interacción de germoplasma de maíz en diferentes localidades y ambientes de la provincia del Chaco

El maíz es uno de los cereales más utilizados a nivel mundial. Su importancia radica en su condición de materia prima renovable y  no contaminante constituyéndose como una fuente de energía alternativa. Actualmente se cultivan diferentes  híbridos  de maíz  en la provincia del Chaco, siendo importante conocer la adaptabilidad que los  mismos  presentan en los  ambientes  donde se desarrollan. El objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en estudiar la interacción genotipo-ambiente analizando el rendimiento que presentan distintos tipos de germoplasma de maíz en las condiciones ambientales y edafológicas donde se desarrollan. Para ello se seleccionaron localidades representativas de la provincia del Chaco, donde se encuentra concentrada la mayor productividad del cultivo de maíz, para efectuar los ensayos. Posteriormente se realizaron determinaciones  del rendimiento de las  muestras  registrando datos  de las  condiciones ambientales  y  edafológicas  en las  regiones  analizadas. Los  datos  obtenidos  muestran rendimientos entre 36,81 a 106,22 qq/ha, temperaturas de 24 °C, pH de 6,50 a 7,50; nitrógeno entre 0,068 y 0,150 ppm y fósforo entre 55,8 y 74,2 ppm y heliofanía efectiva de 7,36 h. Este estudio permitió analizar el comportamiento de determinados  germoplasmas  en diferentes  condiciones  ambientales  y edafológicas y establecer el efecto que éstas generan en el rendimiento de los mismos.Corn is one of the most widely used cereals worldwide. Its importance lies in its condition as a renewable and non-polluting raw material, constituting itself as an alternative energy source. Currently different germplasm are cultivated in the province of Chaco, being important to know the adaptability that they present in the environments where they develop. The objective of the present work consisted of studying the genotype-environment interaction analyzing the performance of different types of germplasm in the environmental and edaphological conditions where they develop. For this, representative localities of the province of Chaco were selected, where the highest productivity of the corn crop is concentrated, to carry out the tests. Subsequently, determinations of the performance of the samples were made, collecting data on the environmental and edaphological conditions in the analyzed regions. The data obtained show yields between 36.81 to 106.22 qq/ha (quintals / hectare), temperatures of 24 °C (degrees Centigrade), pH of 6.50 to 7.50; nitrogen between 0.068 and 0.150 ppm (parts per million) and phosphorus between 55.8 and 74.2 ppm and effective heliophany of 7.36 hs (hours). This study allowed us to analyze the behavior of certain germplasm in different environmental and edaphological conditions and establish the effect they generate on their performance.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Upper Palaeolithic settlements in Buran-Kaya 3 (Crimea, Ukraine): new interdisciplinary researches of the layers 5-2, 6-1 and 6-2

Грот Буран Кая 3 (Крым, Украина) содержит уникальную стратиграфию литологических и культурных отложений, включающую индустрии среднего и верхнего палеолита. В частности, в слоях 5-2, 6-1, и 6-2 был обнаружен кремневый и костяной инвентарь, относящийся к эпиграветту. Эти же слои содержат многочисленные фаунистические остатки, а также антропологический материал. В данной статье публикуются некоторые результаты междисциплинарных исследований: техникотипологический анализ кремневого и костяного инвентаря; зооархеологическое изучение останков крупных млекопитающих; исследование технологии нанесения орнамента на кости; анализ палеоантропологических материалов. На основании полученных данных предлагается функциональная интерпретация стоянки, а также производится сравнение культурных характеристик эпиграветта Буран Каи 3 и памятников соседних территорий

Upper Palaeolithic settlements in Buran-Kaya 3 (Crimea, Ukraine): new interdisciplinary researches of the layers 5-2, 6-1 and 6-2

Грот Буран Кая 3 (Крым, Украина) содержит уникальную стратиграфию литологических и культурных отложений, включающую индустрии среднего и верхнего палеолита. В частности, в слоях 5-2, 6-1, и 6-2 был обнаружен кремневый и костяной инвентарь, относящийся к эпиграветту. Эти же слои содержат многочисленные фаунистические остатки, а также антропологический материал. В данной статье публикуются некоторые результаты междисциплинарных исследований: техникотипологический анализ кремневого и костяного инвентаря; зооархеологическое изучение останков крупных млекопитающих; исследование технологии нанесения орнамента на кости; анализ палеоантропологических материалов. На основании полученных данных предлагается функциональная интерпретация стоянки, а также производится сравнение культурных характеристик эпиграветта Буран Каи 3 и памятников соседних территорий

The Oldest Anatomically Modern Humans from Far Southeast Europe: Direct Dating, Culture and Behavior

Background: Anatomically Modern Humans (AMHs) are known to have spread across Europe during the period coinciding with the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition. Whereas their dispersal into Western Europe is relatively well established, evidence of an early settlement of Eastern Europe by modern humans are comparatively scarce. Methodology/Principal Finding: Based on a multidisciplinary approach for the study of human and faunal remains, we describe here the oldest AMH remains from the extreme southeast Europe, in conjunction with their associated cultural and paleoecological background. We applied taxonomy, paleoecology, and taphonomy combined with geomorphology, stratigraphy, archeology and radiocarbon dating. More than 160 human bone remains have been discovered. They originate from a well documented Upper Paleolithic archeological layer (Gravettian cultural tradition) from the site of Buran-Kaya III located in Crimea (Ukraine). The combination of non-metric dental traits and the morphology of the occipital bones allow us to attribute the human remains to Anatomically Modern Humans. A set of human and faunal remains from this layer has been radiocarbon dated by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry. The direct-dating results of human bone establish a secure presence of AMHs at 31,900+240/2220 BP in this region. They are the oldest direct evidence of the presence of AMHs in a well documented archeological context. Based on taphonomical observations (cut marks and distribution of skeletal elements), they represent the oldest Upper Paleolithic modern humans from Eastern Europe, showing post-mortem treatment of the dead as well. Conclusion/Significance: These findings are essential for the debate on the spread of modern humans in Europe during the Upper Paleolithic, as well as their cultural behaviors.

Исследование зависимости интерференционных помех в системах широкополосного доступа по сети электропроводки от длины линии

Дана стаття присвячена дослідженню інтерференційних завад в СП (системі передачі) BPL, які виникають при роботі по вітчизняним мережам електропроводки. Наведені і проаналізовані результати розрахунків залежності інтерференційних завад в СП BPL від довжини проводу типу ППВ, а також від моменту часу початку обробки сигналу в приймачі.This article is dedicated to research of harmful interference in BPL TS (transmittion system), that appears when TS works on domestic electrical networks. Given and analyzed calculation results of dependance of harmful interference in BPL TS from length of the wire type PPV and from the time moment and the number of start the signal processing in the receiver.Данная статья посвящена исследованию интерференционных помех в СП (системе передачи) BPL, возникающих при работе по отечественным сетям электропроводки. Приведены и проанализированы результаты расчетов зависимости интерференционных помех в СП BPL от длины провода типа ППВ, а также от момента времени начала обработки сигнала в приемнике

Характеристики широкополосного доступа по сети домовой электропроводки

В статті досліджується телекомунікаційна технологія PLC (Power Line Communication). Запропонована методика розрахунку частотних характеристик телекомунікаційного каналу, сформованого на базі мережу будинкової електропроводки. Розраховані інтерференційні завади у СП (система передавання) PLC і швидкість передавання даних, що може бути досягнута за різних умов.The telecommunication technology PLC (Power Line Communication) is researched in given article. The method of calculation of frequency characteristics of telecommunication channel formed on base of building electric wiring network is proposed. The interference in PLC TS (transmission system) and achieved by PLC TS data transmission rate are calculated for typical network fragment under the different conditions.В статье исследуется телекоммуникационная технология PLC (Power Line Communication). Предложена методика расчета частотных характеристик канала связи, сформированного на базе сети домовой электропроводки. Рассчитаны интерференционные помехи в СП (система передачи) PLC и скорость передачи данных, которая может быть достигнута при различных условиях

Ancient pigs reveal a near-complete genomic turnover following their introduction to Europe

Archaeological evidence indicates that pig domestication had begun by ∼10,500 y before the present (BP) in the Near East, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) suggests that pigs arrived in Europe alongside farmers ∼8,500 y BP. A few thousand years after the introduction of Near Eastern pigs into Europe, however, their characteristic mtDNA signature disappeared and was replaced by haplotypes associated with European wild boars. This turnover could be accounted for by substantial gene flow from local European wild boars, although it is also possible that European wild boars were domesticated independently without any genetic contribution from the Near East. To test these hypotheses, we obtained mtDNA sequences from 2,099 modern and ancient pig samples and 63 nuclear ancient genomes from Near Eastern and European pigs. Our analyses revealed that European domestic pigs dating from 7,100 to 6,000 y BP possessed both Near Eastern and European nuclear ancestry, while later pigs possessed no more than 4% Near Eastern ancestry, indicating that gene flow from European wild boars resulted in a near-complete disappearance of Near East ancestry. In addition, we demonstrate that a variant at a locus encoding black coat color likely originated in the Near East and persisted in European pigs. Altogether, our results indicate that while pigs were not independently domesticated in Europe, the vast majority of human-mediated selection over the past 5,000 y focused on the genomic fraction derived from the European wild boars, and not on the fraction that was selected by early Neolithic farmers over the first 2,500 y of the domestication process