37 research outputs found
Phase stability and distortion in high-entropy oxides
The present investigation demonstrates how configurational entropy stabilises rock-salt type single phase multi-component solid solution oxides. Classical simulations have been used to extensively sample the configurational landscape of such oxides using both random and genetic algorithm sampling strategies. The thermodynamic properties including the enthalpy and free energy of various oxide mixes have been calculated to show the influence of the chemical identity of the oxides on the phase stability. Additionally, a distance analysis between all the cation-cation and cation-anion pairs has been carried out in order to quantify the distortion in the lattice. The correlation between the multiplicity of cations in such systems with consequent enthalpy and configurational entropy has been enumerated and its relation with emergent distortion has been analysed
Complexities of atomic structure at CdO/MgO and CdO/Al2O3 interfaces
We report the interface structures of CdO thin films on (001)-MgO and (0001)-Al2O3 substrates. Using aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, we show that epitaxial growth of (001)-CdOâ„(001)-MgO occurs with a lattice misfit greater than 10%. A high density of interface misfit dislocations is found to form. In combination with molecular dynamics simulations, we show that dislocation strain fields form and overlap in very thin heterostructures of CdO and MgO (<3ânm). On the c-Al2O3 substrate, we find that CdO grows with a surface normal of [025]. We show that three rotation variants form due to the symmetry of the sapphire surface. These results contribute insights into the epitaxial growth of these rock-salt oxides
Accretion, Outflows, and Winds of Magnetized Stars
Many types of stars have strong magnetic fields that can dynamically
influence the flow of circumstellar matter. In stars with accretion disks, the
stellar magnetic field can truncate the inner disk and determine the paths that
matter can take to flow onto the star. These paths are different in stars with
different magnetospheres and periods of rotation. External field lines of the
magnetosphere may inflate and produce favorable conditions for outflows from
the disk-magnetosphere boundary. Outflows can be particularly strong in the
propeller regime, wherein a star rotates more rapidly than the inner disk.
Outflows may also form at the disk-magnetosphere boundary of slowly rotating
stars, if the magnetosphere is compressed by the accreting matter. In isolated,
strongly magnetized stars, the magnetic field can influence formation and/or
propagation of stellar wind outflows. Winds from low-mass, solar-type stars may
be either thermally or magnetically driven, while winds from massive, luminous
O and B type stars are radiatively driven. In all of these cases, the magnetic
field influences matter flow from the stars and determines many observational
properties. In this chapter we review recent studies of accretion, outflows,
and winds of magnetized stars with a focus on three main topics: (1) accretion
onto magnetized stars; (2) outflows from the disk-magnetosphere boundary; and
(3) winds from isolated massive magnetized stars. We show results obtained from
global magnetohydrodynamic simulations and, in a number of cases compare global
simulations with observations.Comment: 60 pages, 44 figure
Crescimento de osso, mĂșsculo e gordura dos cortes da carcaça de cordeiros e cordeiras em diferentes mĂ©todos de alimentação
Electrophysiological assessment methodology of sensory processing dysfunction in schizophrenia and dementia of the Alzheimer type
Schizophrenia and Alzheimerâs disease impacts on various sensory processings are extensively reviewed in the present publication. This article describes aspects of a research project whose aim is to delineate the neurobiology that may underlie Social Withdrawal in Alzheimerâs disease, Schizophrenia and Major Depression. This is a European-funded IMI 2 project, identified as PRISM (Psychiatric Ratings using Intermediate Stratified Markers). This paper focuses specifically on the selected electrophysiological paradigms chosen based on a comprehensive review of all relevant literature and practical constraints. The choice of the electrophysiological biomarkers were fundamentality based their metrics and capacity to discriminate between populations. The selected electrophysiological paradigms are resting state EEG, auditory mismatch negativity, auditory and visual based oddball paradigms, facial emotion processing ERPâs and auditory steady-state response. The primary objective is to study the effect of social withdrawal on various biomarkers and endophenotypes found altered in the target populations. This has never been studied in relationship to social withdrawal, an important component of CNS diseases
Interleukin-12 and the host response to parasitic helminths; the paradoxical effect on protective immunity and immunopathology
Th1 cytokine mRNA expression dominates in the skinâdraining lymph nodes of C57BL/6 mice following vaccination with irradiated Schistosoma mansoni
The radiation-attenuated schistosome vaccine induces high levels of protective immunity in the absence of B cells
Radiation-attenuated cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni elicit consistently high levels of protective immunity in mice. The cell-mediated pulmonary effector mechanisms have been well characterized but the role of B cells and antibodies remains ill defined. We have compared the immune responses of B-cell-deficient (ÎŒMT) mice and their wild-type (WT) counterparts following exposure to the attenuated vaccine. Both groups mounted a T helper type 1 (Th1)-biased response in the skin-draining lymph nodes after vaccination. Interferon-Îł was the dominant cytokine secreted by airway leucocytes after challenge in both ÎŒMT and WT mice, but there was a somewhat greater Th2 component in the former animals. The cellular infiltrates observed in the airways, and the pulmonary effector foci, were of similar composition in the two groups although some large foci were present in the ÎŒMT mice. There was a marked dichotomy in the protection induced in ÎŒMT animals by a single vaccination, with two-thirds showing levels similar to their WT counterparts, demonstrating that cell-mediated mechanisms alone can provide adequate protection. The remaining ÎŒMT mice had a mean worm burden identical to that of their challenge controls. A possible explanation is that a proportion of the ÎŒMT animals have a genetic defect closely associated with the ÎŒ-heavy-chain locus on chromosome 12, which affects their ability to mount a protective cell-mediated response. Three vaccinations enhanced the immunity of WT animals, most likely by augmenting antibody-mediated mechanisms. In contrast, no enhancement was seen in ÎŒMT mice, suggesting that the cell-mediated response is not boosted by multiple exposures to attenuated larvae