Deep sea tests of a prototype of the KM3NeT digital optical module

The first prototype of a photo-detection unit of the future KM3NeT neutrino telescope has been deployed in the deepwaters of the Mediterranean Sea. This digital optical module has a novel design with a very large photocathode area segmented by the use of 31 three inch photomultiplier tubes. It has been integrated in the ANTARES detector for in-situ testing and validation. This paper reports on the first months of data taking and rate measurements. The analysis results highlight the capabilities of the new module design in terms of background suppression and signal recognition. The directionality of the optical module enables the recognition of multiple Cherenkov photons from the same (40)Kdecay and the localisation of bioluminescent activity in the neighbourhood. The single unit can cleanly identify atmospheric muons and provide sensitivity to the muon arrival directions

Efficacy of mirabegron in patients with and without prior antimuscarinic therapy for overactive bladder: a post hoc analysis of a randomized European-Australian Phase 3 trial

Background Antimuscarinic agents are currently the predominant treatment option for the clinical management of the symptoms of overactive bladder (OAB). However, low rates of persistence with these agents highlight the need for novel, effective and better-tolerated oral pharmacological agents. Mirabegron is a β3-adrenoceptor agonist developed for the treatment of OAB, with a mechanism of action distinct from that of antimuscarinics. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled Phase 3 trial conducted in Europe and Australia (NCT00689104), mirabegron 50 mg and 100 mg resulted in statistically significant reductions from baseline to final visit, compared with placebo, in the co-primary end points – mean number of incontinence episodes/24 h and mean number of micturitions/24 h. We conducted a post hoc, subgroup analysis of this study in order to evaluate the efficacy of mirabegron in treatment-naïve patients and patients who had discontinued prior antimuscarinic therapy because of insufficient efficacy or poor tolerability. Methods Patients were randomized to placebo, mirabegron 50 or 100 mg, or tolterodine extended release (ER) 4 mg orally, once-daily, for 12 weeks. For the post hoc analysis, the primary patient population was divided into the following subgroups: (1) patients who had not received any prior antimuscarinic OAB medication (treatment-naïve) and (2) patients who had received prior antimuscarinic OAB medication. The latter subgroup was further subdivided into patients who discontinued due to: (3) insufficient efficacy or (4) poor tolerability. Analysis of the co-primary efficacy endpoints by subgroup was performed using analysis of covariance with treatment group, subgroup, sex, geographical region, and subgroup-by-treatment interaction as fixed factors; and baseline value as a covariate. Results Mirabegron, 50 mg and 100 mg once-daily, demonstrated similar improvements in the frequency of incontinence episodes and micturitions in OAB patients who were antimuscarinic-naïve and who had discontinued prior antimuscarinic therapy. While mirabegron demonstrated improvements in incontinence and micturition frequency in patients who had discontinued prior antimuscarinic therapy due to insufficient efficacy, the response to tolterodine was similar to that of placebo. Conclusion In this post hoc subgroup analysis, mirabegron provided treatment benefits in OAB patients who were antimuscarinic treatment-naïve and in patients who had received prior antimuscarinic treatment

Deep sea tests of a prototype of the KM3NeT digital optical module: KM3NeT Collaboration

The first prototype of a photo-detection unit of the future KM3NeT neutrino telescope has been deployed in the deep waters of the Mediterranean Sea. This digital optical module has a novel design with a very large photocathode area segmented by the use of 31 three inch photomultiplier tubes. It has been integrated in the ANTARES detector for in-situ testing and validation. This paper reports on the first months of data taking and rate measurements. The analysis results highlight the capabilities of the new module design in terms of background suppression and signal recognition. The directionality of the optical module enables the recognition of multiple Cherenkov photons from the same40 K decay and the localisation of bioluminescent activity in the neighbourhood. The single unit can cleanly identify atmospheric muons and provide sensitivity to the muon arrival directions

The prototype detection unit of the KM3NeT detector: KM3NeT Collaboration

A prototype detection unit of the KM3NeT deep-sea neutrino telescope has been installed at 3500m depth 80 km offshore the Italian coast. KM3NeT in its final configuration will contain several hundreds of detection units. Each detection unit is a mechanical structure anchored to the sea floor, held vertical by a submerged buoy and supporting optical modules for the detection of Cherenkov light emitted by charged secondary particles emerging from neutrino interactions. This prototype string implements three optical modules with 31 photomultiplier tubes each. These optical modules were developed by the KM3NeT Collaboration to enhance the detection capability of neutrino interactions. The prototype detection unit was operated since its deployment in May 2014 until its decommissioning in July 2015. Reconstruction of the particle trajectories from the data requires a nanosecond accuracy in the time calibration. A procedure for relative time calibration of the photomultiplier tubes contained in each optical module is described. This procedure is based on the measured coincidences produced in the sea by the $$^{40}$$40K background light and can easily be expanded to a detector with several thousands of optical modules. The time offsets between the different optical modules are obtained using LED nanobeacons mounted inside them. A set of data corresponding to 600 h of livetime was analysed. The results show good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations of the expected optical background and the signal from atmospheric muons. An almost background-free sample of muons was selected by filtering the time correlated signals on all the three optical modules. The zenith angle of the selected muons was reconstructed with a precision of about 3$$^circ$$∘

Deep sea tests of a prototype of the KM3NeT digital optical module

250nonenoneAdrian-Martinez S; Ageron M; Aharonian F; Aiello S; Albert A; Ameli F; Anassontzis EG; Anghinolfi M; Anton G; Anvar S; Ardid M; de Asmundis R; Balasi K; Band H; Barbarino G; Barbarito E; Barbato F; Baret B; Baron S; Belias A; Berbee E; van den Berg AM; Berkien A; Bertin V; Beurthey S; van Beveren V; Beverini N; Biagi S; Bianucci S; Billault M; Birbas A; Rookhuizen HB; Bormuth R; Bouche V; Bouhadef B; Bourlis G; Bouwhuis M; Bozza C; Bruijn R; Brunner J; Cacopardo G; Caillat L; Calamai M; Calvo D; Capone A; Caramete L; Caruso F; Cecchini S; Ceres A; Cereseto R; Champion C; Chateau F; Chiarusi T; Christopoulou B; Circella M; Classen L; Cocimano R; Colonges S; Coniglione R; Cosquer A; Costa M; Coyle P; Creusot A; Curtil C; Cuttone G; D'Amato C; D'Amico A; De Bonis G; De Rosa G; Deniskina N; Destelle JJ; Distefano C; Donzaud C; Dornic D; Dorosti-Hasankiadeh Q; Drakopoulou E; Drouhin D; Drury L; Durand D; Eberl T; Eleftheriadis C; Elsaesser D; Enzenhofer A; Fermani P; Fusco LA; Gajana D; Gal T; Galata S; Gallo F; Garufi F; Gebyehu M; Giordano V; Gizani N; Ruiz RG; Graf K; Grasso R; Grella G; Grmek A; Habel R; van Haren H; Heid T; Heijboer A; Heine E; Henry S; Hernandez-Rey JJ; Herold B; Hevinga MA; van der Hoek M; Hofestadt J; Hogenbirk J; Hugon C; Hoessl J; Imbesi M; James C; Jansweijer P; Jochum J; de Jong M; Kadler M; Kalekin O; Kappes A; Kappos E; Katz U; Kavatsyuk O; Keller P; Kieft G; Koffeman E; Kok H; Kooijman P; Koopstra J; Korporaal A; Kouchner A; Koutsoukos S; Kreykenbohm I; Kulikovskiy V; Lahmann R; Lamare P; Larosa G; Lattuada D; Le Provost H; Leisos A; Lenis D; Leonora E; Clark ML; Liolios A; Alvarez CDL; Lohner H; Lo Presti D; Louis F; Maccioni E; Mannheim K; Manolopoulos K; Margiotta A; Maris O; Markou C; Martinez-Mora JA; Martini A; Masullo R; Michael T; Migliozzi P; Migneco E; Miraglia A; Mollo C; Mongelli M; Morganti M; Mos S; Moudden Y; Musico P; Musumeci M; Nicolaou C; Nicolau CA; Orlando A; Orzelli A; Papageorgiou K; Papaikonomou A; Papaleo R; Pavalas GE; Peek H; Pellegrino C; Pellegriti MG; Perrina C; Petridou C; Piattelli P; Pikounis K; Popa V; Pradier T; Priede M; Puhlhofer G; Pulvirenti S; Racca C; Raffaelli F; Randazzo N; Rapidis PA; Razis P; Real D; Resvanis L; Reubelt J; Riccobene G; Rovelli A; Royon J; Saldana M; Samtleben DFE; Sanguineti M; Santangelo A; Sapienza P; Savvidis I; Schmelling J; Schnabel J; Sedita M; Seitz T; Sgura I; Simeone F; Siotis I; Sipala V; Solazzo M; Spitaleri A; Spurio M; Stavropoulos G; Steijger J; Stolarczyk T; Stransky D; Taiuti M; Terreni G; Tezier D; Theraube S; Thompson LF; Timmer P; Trapierakis HI; Trasatti L; Trovato A; Tselengidou M; Tsirigotis A; Tzamarias S; Tzamariudaki E; Vallage B; Van Elewyck V; Vermeulen J; Vernin P; Viola S; Vivolo D; Werneke P; Wiggers L; Wilms J; de Wolf E; van Wooning RHL; Yatkin K; Zachariadou K; Zonca E; Zornoza JD; Zuniga J; Zwart AAdrian-Martinez, S; Ageron, M; Aharonian, F; Aiello, S; Albert, A; Ameli, F; Anassontzis, Eg; Anghinolfi, M; Anton, G; Anvar, S; Ardid, M; de Asmundis, R; Balasi, K; Band, H; Barbarino, G; Barbarito, E; Barbato, F; Baret, B; Baron, S; Belias, A; Berbee, E; van den Berg, Am; Berkien, A; Bertin, V; Beurthey, S; van Beveren, V; Beverini, N; Biagi, S; Bianucci, S; Billault, M; Birbas, A; Rookhuizen, Hb; Bormuth, R; Bouche, V; Bouhadef, B; Bourlis, G; Bouwhuis, M; Bozza, C; Bruijn, R; Brunner, J; Cacopardo, G; Caillat, L; Calamai, M; Calvo, D; Capone, A; Caramete, L; Caruso, F; Cecchini, S; Ceres, A; Cereseto, R; Champion, C; Chateau, F; Chiarusi, T; Christopoulou, B; Circella, M; Classen, L; Cocimano, R; Colonges, S; Coniglione, R; Cosquer, A; Costa, M; Coyle, P; Creusot, A; Curtil, C; Cuttone, G; D'Amato, C; D'Amico, A; De Bonis, G; De Rosa, G; Deniskina, N; Destelle, Jj; Distefano, C; Donzaud, C; Dornic, D; Dorosti-Hasankiadeh, Q; Drakopoulou, E; Drouhin, D; Drury, L; Durand, D; Eberl, T; Eleftheriadis, C; Elsaesser, D; Enzenhofer, A; Fermani, P; Fusco, La; Gajana, D; Gal, T; Galata, S; Gallo, F; Garufi, F; Gebyehu, M; Giordano, V; Gizani, N; Ruiz, Rg; Graf, K; Grasso, R; Grella, G; Grmek, A; Habel, R; van Haren, H; Heid, T; Heijboer, A; Heine, E; Henry, S; Hernandez-Rey, Jj; Herold, B; Hevinga, Ma; van der Hoek, M; Hofestadt, J; Hogenbirk, J; Hugon, C; Hoessl, J; Imbesi, M; James, C; Jansweijer, P; Jochum, J; de Jong, M; Kadler, M; Kalekin, O; Kappes, A; Kappos, E; Katz, U; Kavatsyuk, O; Keller, P; Kieft, G; Koffeman, E; Kok, H; Kooijman, P; Koopstra, J; Korporaal, A; Kouchner, A; Koutsoukos, S; Kreykenbohm, I; Kulikovskiy, V; Lahmann, R; Lamare, P; Larosa, G; Lattuada, D; Le Provost, H; Leisos, A; Lenis, D; Leonora, E; Clark, Ml; Liolios, A; Alvarez, Cdl; Lohner, H; Lo Presti, D; Louis, F; Maccioni, E; Mannheim, K; Manolopoulos, K; Margiotta, A; Maris, O; Markou, C; Martinez-Mora, Ja; Martini, A; Masullo, R; Michael, T; Migliozzi, P; Migneco, E; Miraglia, A; Mollo, C; Mongelli, M; Morganti, M; Mos, S; Moudden, Y; Musico, P; Musumeci, M; Nicolaou, C; Nicolau, Ca; Orlando, A; Orzelli, A; Papageorgiou, K; Papaikonomou, A; Papaleo, R; Pavalas, Ge; Peek, H; Pellegrino, C; Pellegriti, Mg; Perrina, C; Petridou, C; Piattelli, P; Pikounis, K; Popa, V; Pradier, T; Priede, M; Puhlhofer, G; Pulvirenti, S; Racca, C; Raffaelli, F; Randazzo, N; Rapidis, Pa; Razis, P; Real, D; Resvanis, L; Reubelt, J; Riccobene, G; Rovelli, A; Royon, J; Saldana, M; Samtleben, Dfe; Sanguineti, M; Santangelo, A; Sapienza, P; Savvidis, I; Schmelling, J; Schnabel, J; Sedita, M; Seitz, T; Sgura, I; Simeone, F; Siotis, I; Sipala, V; Solazzo, M; Spitaleri, A; Spurio, M; Stavropoulos, G; Steijger, J; Stolarczyk, T; Stransky, D; Taiuti, M; Terreni, G; Tezier, D; Theraube, S; Thompson, Lf; Timmer, P; Trapierakis, Hi; Trasatti, L; Trovato, A; Tselengidou, M; Tsirigotis, A; Tzamarias, S; Tzamariudaki, E; Vallage, B; Van Elewyck, V; Vermeulen, J; Vernin, P; Viola, S; Vivolo, D; Werneke, P; Wiggers, L; Wilms, J; de Wolf, E; van Wooning, Rhl; Yatkin, K; Zachariadou, K; Zonca, E; Zornoza, Jd; Zuniga, J; Zwart,