Re-thinking global citizenship in higher education: From cosmopolitanism and international mobility to cosmopolitanisation, resilience and resilient thinking

Developing graduates as global citizens is a central aim of the internationalised university of the 21st century. International student mobility premised on notions of cosmopolitanism is regarded as a key component of the student learning experience. Yet there is little evidence to suggest the benefits of international mobility for intercultural understanding, which is an essential quality of the global citizen. This paper reports the findings of a Higher Education Academy-funded project exploring how students draw on their diverse backgrounds in developing resilience within multicultural learning environments. The research findings suggest that student diversity provides a rich source of lived experience that can be harnessed as a resource in developing graduates as global citizens. The paper therefore suggests that institutions re-conceptualise global citizenship as a concept embracing diversity, belonging, community and solidarity and support the development of pedagogies that embrace cultural biography and storytelling

A drop a day to keep myopia at bay: clinical recommendations for the use of ophthalmic atropine for myopia control in 2024

In this article, we have curated five recommendations based on the current evidence regarding the use of atropine for myopia control, to assist eyecare practitioners in making clinical decisions in 2024 with respect to low-concentration atropine eye drops

Response of the anterior sclera to accommodation in myopes and emmetropes

• The biomechanical properties of the sclera are documented to be altered in eyes with myopia, with the myopic sclera thought to be more susceptible to deformation from otherwise normal ocular forces. • The close anatomical and functional relationship between the ciliary body and sclera suggests that ciliary muscle contraction during accommodation may influence the overlying sclera. • This study aimed to characterise the changes occurring in anterior scleral thickness with accommodation using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) in young adult myopes and emmetropes

The influence of short-term intraocular pressure elevation on peripapillary choroidal thickness in young adult myopes and emmetropes

* Myopia results in changes to the eye’s biomechanical properties, particularly within the posterior pole, where the ocular tunics are thought to become thinner and may be more easily deformed by normal ocular forces such and intraocular pressure (IOP).\ud \ud * Acute elevations in IOP have been shown to increase axial length and optic cup dimensions, and decrease choroidal thickness; structural changes which are also associated with myopia.\ud \ud * High resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) has allowed for investigation of biomechanical changes in the optic nerve and peripapillary choroid in vivo in response to IOP elevation in older glaucomatous eyes, but the effects in younger myopes have not been assessed.\ud \ud * This research examines the invluence of brief IOP elevation on peripapillary choroidal thickness (PPChT) in young adult myopes and emmetropes using Spectralis enhanced depth imaging OCT

Axial elongation measured by long scan depth optical coherence tomography during pilocarpine-induced accommodation in intraocular lens-implanted eyes

Abstract We used an ultra-long scan depth optical coherence tomography (UL-OCT) system to investigate changes in axial biometry of pseudophakic eyes during pilocarpine- induced accommodation. The right eyes from 25 healthy subjects (age range 49 to 84 years) with an intraocular lens (IOL) were imaged twice in the non-accommodative and the accommodative states. A custom-built UL-OCT instrument imaged the whole eye. Then accommodation was induced by two drops of 0.5% pilocarpine hydrochloride separated by a 5-minute interval. Following the same protocol, images were acquired again 30 minutes after the first drop. The central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), IOL thickness (IOLT), and vitreous length (VL) were obtained using custom automated software. The axial length (AL) was calculated by summing the CCT, ACD, IOLT, and VL. With accommodation, ACD increased by +0.08 ± 0.09 mm, while the VL decreased by −0.04 ± 0.09 mm (paired t-test each, P<0.05). CCT and IOLT remained constant during accommodation (P > 0.05). The non-accommodative AL was 23.47 ± 0.93 mm, and it increased by +0.04 ± 0.04 mm after accommodation (P<0.01). The AL increased and the IOL moved backward during pilocarpine-induced accommodation in pseudophakic eyes