412 research outputs found
A new transoceanic invasion? : first records of Neomysis americana (Crustacea: Mysidae) in the East Atlantic
Revision of the amphiamerican genus Mysidium Dana, 1852 (Crustacea: Mysida: Mysidae), with descriptions of two new species and the establishment of two new subgenera
Revised definitions are given for the genus Mysidium Dana, 1852, and its eight previously known species, based on material from Curacao, Bonaire and SE-Brazil, along with the evaluation of published data. Type material of Diamysis columbiae Zimmer, 1915, M. cubanense Bacescu & Ortiz, 1984 and M. rubroculatum Bacescu & Ortiz, 1984 is examined. A lectotype is designated for D. columbiae Zimmer, 1915, a senior synonym of Mysidium columbiae (Zimmer, 1915). Two new species are described, M. triangulare Wittmann sp. nov. from Curacao and M. antillarun Wittmann sp. nov. from Curacao and Bonaire. Known ranges arc extended by first records of M. cubanense from Curacao and Bonaire and of M. integrum W.M. Tattersall, 1951 from SE Brazil. Three morphologically different groups are established at the subgeneric level: (1) the nominotypical subgenus Mysidium Dana, 1852 with M. gracile (Dana, 1852), M. integrum, M. cubanense, M. rubroculatum and M. triangulare sp. nov. from the West Atlantic plus M. rickettsi Harrison & Bowman, 1987 from the East Pacific; (2) Occimysidium Wittmann subgen. nov. represented only by M. pumae Ortiz, Hendrickx & Winfield, 2017 from the Pacific coast of Mexico; and finally (3) Orientomysidium Wittmann subgen. nov. comprising M. columbiae and M. antillarum sp. nov. from the West Atlantic. The poorly known M. iliffei Bacescu, 1991 is not assigned to any subgenus. A key to the resulting three subgenera and ten nominal species of the genus Mysidium is given.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Riparian wetlands of low-order streams in Brazil: extent, hydrology, vegetation cover, interactions with streams and uplands, and threats
A dual role for prediction error in associative learning
Confronted with a rich sensory environment, the brain must learn
statistical regularities across sensory domains to construct causal
models of the world. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance
imaging and dynamic causal modeling (DCM) to furnish neurophysiological
evidence that statistical associations are learnt, even when
task-irrelevant. Subjects performed an audio-visual target-detection
task while being exposed to distractor stimuli. Unknown to them,
auditory distractors predicted the presence or absence of subsequent
visual distractors. We modeled incidental learning of these associations
using a Rescorla--Wagner (RW) model. Activity in primary visual
cortex and putamen reflected learning-dependent surprise: these areas
responded progressively more to unpredicted, and progressively less
to predicted visual stimuli. Critically, this prediction-error response
was observed even when the absence of a visual stimulus was
surprising. We investigated the underlying mechanism by embedding
the RW model into a DCM to show that auditory to visual connectivity
changed significantly over time as a function of prediction error. Thus,
consistent with predictive coding models of perception, associative
learning is mediated by prediction-error dependent changes in connectivity.
These results posit a dual role for prediction-error in encoding
surprise and driving associative plasticity
Activation of the G-protein-coupled receptor GPR30 induces anxiogenic effects in mice, similar to oestradiol
IPCC reasons for concern regarding climate change risks
The reasons for concern framework communicates scientific understanding about risks in relation to varying levels of climate change. The framework, now a cornerstone of the IPCC assessments, aggregates global risks into five categories as a function of global mean temperature change. We review the framework's conceptual basis and the risk judgments made in the most recent IPCC report, confirming those judgments in most cases in the light of more recent literature and identifying their limitations. We point to extensions of the framework that offer complementary climate change metrics to global mean temperature change and better account for possible changes in social and ecological system vulnerability. Further research should systematically evaluate risks under alternative scenarios of future climatic and societal conditions
Rationale and protocol of the Dapagliflozin And Prevention of Adverse outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease (DAPA-CKD) randomized controlled trial
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