2,337 research outputs found
Impact of operational parameters on single beamlet deflection in a negative ion source for NBI applications
Improved Constraints on the Preferential Heating and Acceleration of Oxygen Ions in the Extended Solar Corona
We present a detailed analysis of oxygen ion velocity distributions in the
extended solar corona, based on observations made with the Ultraviolet
Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) on the SOHO spacecraft. Polar coronal holes at
solar minimum are known to exhibit broad line widths and unusual intensity
ratios of the O VI 1032, 1037 emission line doublet. The traditional
interpretation of these features has been that oxygen ions have a strong
temperature anisotropy, with the temperature perpendicular to the magnetic
field being much larger than the temperature parallel to the field. However,
recent work by Raouafi and Solanki suggested that it may be possible to model
the observations using an isotropic velocity distribution. In this paper we
analyze an expanded data set to show that the original interpretation of an
anisotropic distribution is the only one that is fully consistent with the
observations. It is necessary to search the full range of ion plasma parameters
to determine the values with the highest probability of agreement with the UVCS
data. The derived ion outflow speeds and perpendicular kinetic temperatures are
consistent with earlier results, and there continues to be strong evidence for
preferential ion heating and acceleration with respect to hydrogen. At
heliocentric heights above 2.1 solar radii, every UVCS data point is more
consistent with an anisotropic distribution than with an isotropic
distribution. At heights above 3 solar radii, the exact probability of isotropy
depends on the electron density chosen to simulate the line-of-sight
distribution of O VI emissivity. (abridged abstract)Comment: 19 pages (emulateapj style), 13 figures, ApJ, in press (v. 679; May
20, 2008
Zero-voltage conductance peak from weak antilocalization in a Majorana nanowire
We show that weak antilocalization by disorder competes with resonant Andreev
reflection from a Majorana zero-mode to produce a zero-voltage conductance peak
of order e^2/h in a superconducting nanowire. The phase conjugation needed for
quantum interference to survive a disorder average is provided by particle-hole
symmetry - in the absence of time-reversal symmetry and without requiring a
topologically nontrivial phase. We identify methods to distinguish the Majorana
resonance from the weak antilocalization effect.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures. Addendum, February 2014: Appendix B shows
results for weak antilocalization in the circular ensemble. (This appendix is
not in the published version.
Beamlet scraping and its influence on the beam divergence at the BATMAN Upgrade test facility
For the ITER fusion experiment, two neutral beam injectors are required for plasma heating and current drive. Each injector supplies a power of about 17 MW, obtained from neutralization of 40 A (46 A), 1 MeV (0.87 MeV) negative deuterium (hydrogen) ions. The full beam is composed of 1280 beamlets, formed in 16 beamlet groups, and strict requirements apply to the beamlet core divergence (<7 mrad). The test facility BATMAN Upgrade uses an ITER-like grid with one beamlet group, which consists of 70 apertures. In a joint campaign performed by IPP and Consorzio RFX to better assess the beam optics, the divergence of a single beamlet was compared to a group of beamlets at BATMAN Upgrade. The single beamlet is measured with a carbon fiber composite tile calorimeter and by beam emission spectroscopy, whereas the divergence of the group of beamlets is measured by beam emission spectroscopy only. When increasing the RF power at low extraction voltages, the divergence of the beamlet and of the group of beamlets is continuously decreasing and no inflection point toward an overperveant beam is found. At the same time, scraping of the extracted ion beam at the second grid (extraction grid) takes place at higher RF power, supported by the absence of the normally seen linear behavior between the measured negative ion density in the plasma close to the extraction system and the measured extracted ion current. Beside its influence on the divergence, beamlet scraping needs to be considered for the determination of the correct perveance and contributes to the measured coextracted electron current
Applications of Abundance Data and Requirements for Cosmochemical Modeling
Understanding the evolution of the universe from Big Bang to its present state requires an understanding of the evolution of the abundances of the elements and isotopes in galaxies, stars, the interstellar medium, the Sun and the heliosphere, planets and meteorites. Processes that change the state of the universe include Big Bang nucleosynthesis, star formation and stellar nucleosynthesis, galactic chemical evolution, propagation of cosmic rays, spallation, ionization and particle transport of interstellar material, formation of the solar system, solar wind emission and its fractionation (FIP/FIT effect), mixing processes in stellar interiors, condensation of material and subsequent geochemical fractionation. Here, we attempt to compile some major issues in cosmochemistry that can be addressed with a better knowledge of the respective element or isotope abundances. Present and future missions such as Genesis, Stardust, Interstellar Pathfinder, and Interstellar Probe, improvements of remote sensing instrumentation and experiments on extraterrestrial material such as meteorites, presolar grains, and lunar or returned planetary or cometary samples will result in an improved database of elemental and isotopic abundances. This includes the primordial abundances of D, ^3He, ^4He, and ^7Li, abundances of the heavier elements in stars and galaxies, the composition of the interstellar medium, solar wind and comets as well as the (highly) volatile elements in the solar system such as helium, nitrogen, oxygen or xenon
Spin Accumulation in Diffusive Conductors with Rashba and Dresselhaus Spin-Orbit Interaction
We calculate the electrically induced spin accumulation in diffusive systems
due to both Rashba (with strength and Dresselhaus (with strength
spin-orbit interaction. Using a diffusion equation approach we find
that magnetoelectric effects disappear and that there is thus no spin
accumulation when both interactions have the same strength, .
In thermodynamically large systems, the finite spin accumulation predicted by
Chaplik, Entin and Magarill, [Physica E {\bf 13}, 744 (2002)] and by Trushin
and Schliemann [Phys. Rev. B {\bf 75}, 155323 (2007)] is recovered an
infinitesimally small distance away from the singular point .
We show however that the singularity is broadened and that the suppression of
spin accumulation becomes physically relevant (i) in finite-sized systems of
size , (ii) in the presence of a cubic Dresselhaus interaction of strength
, or (iii) for finite frequency measurements. We obtain the parametric
range over which the magnetoelectric effect is suppressed in these three
instances as (i) , (ii), and (iii) |\alpha|-|\beta| \lesssiM
\sqrt{\omega/m p_{\rm F}\ell} with the elastic mean free path and
the Fermi momentum. We attribute the absence of spin accumulation
close to to the underlying U (1) symmetry. We illustrate and
confirm our predictions numerically
Unusual composition of the solar wind in the 2–3 May 1998 CME observed with SWICS on ACE
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/95193/1/grl11810.pd
Quantum dots and spin qubits in graphene
This is a review on graphene quantum dots and their use as a host for spin
qubits. We discuss the advantages but also the challenges to use graphene
quantum dots for spin qubits as compared to the more standard materials like
GaAs. We start with an overview of this young and fascinating field and will
then discuss gate-tunable quantum dots in detail. We calculate the bound states
for three different quantum dot architectures where a bulk gap allows for
confinement via electrostatic fields: (i) graphene nanoribbons with armchair
boundary, (ii) a disc in single-layer graphene, and (iii) a disc in bilayer
graphene. In order for graphene quantum dots to be useful in the context of
spin qubits, one needs to find reliable ways to break the valley-degeneracy.
This is achieved here, either by a specific termination of graphene in (i) or
in (ii) and (iii) by a magnetic field, without the need of a specific boundary.
We further discuss how to manipulate spin in these quantum dots and explain the
mechanism of spin decoherence and relaxation caused by spin-orbit interaction
in combination with electron-phonon coupling, and by hyperfine interaction with
the nuclear spin system.Comment: 23 pages, 10 figures, topical review prepared for Nanotechnolog
Production of 26Al in stellar hydrogen-burning environments: spectroscopic properties of states in 27Si
Model predictions of the amount of the radioisotope 26Al produced in
hydrogen-burning environments require reliable estimates of the thermonuclear
rates for the 26gAl(p,{\gamma})27Si and 26mAl(p,{\gamma})27Si reactions. These
rates depend upon the spectroscopic properties of states in 27Si within about 1
MeV of the 26gAl+p threshold (Sp = 7463 keV). We have studied the
28Si(3He,{\alpha})27Si reaction at 25 MeV using a high-resolution
quadrupole-dipole-dipole-dipole magnetic spectrograph. For the first time with
a transfer reaction, we have constrained J{\pi} values for states in 27Si over
Ex = 7.0 - 8.1 MeV through angular distribution measurements. Aside from a few
important cases, we generally confirm the energies and spin-parity assignments
reported in a recent {\gamma}-ray spectroscopy study. The magnitudes of neutron
spectroscopic factors determined from shell-model calculations are in
reasonable agreement with our experimental values extracted using this
reaction.Comment: accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
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