299 research outputs found
Evaluation of cariprazine in the treatment of bipolar I and II depression: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial
This double-blind placebo-controlled, fixed/flexible-dose phase 2 trial assessed the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of cariprazine vs. placebo for depressive episodes associated with bipolar I or II disorder. Primary endpoint was change in Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total scores (baseline to week 8), and secondary endpoint was mean Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement score (week 8). Patients were randomized (N = 233) 1:1:1 to placebo, 'low-dose' 0.25-0.5 mg/day or 'high-dose' 1.5-3.0 mg/day cariprazine. Adverse events, laboratory results, vital signs, extrapyramidal symptoms, and suicide risk were monitored. Neither cariprazine group significantly separated from placebo in primary (mixed-effect model repeated measures MADRS least-squares mean differences: low-dose = −0.7, P = 0.7408; high-dose = 0.0, P = 0.9961) or secondary efficacy measures. No new safety signals with cariprazine were observed and common treatment-emergent adverse events (≥5% of cariprazine patients and twice the rate of placebo) included insomnia, akathisia, dry mouth, nausea, weight increased, diarrhea, restlessness, vomiting, musculoskeletal stiffness, migraine, and cough. Metabolic and weight changes were generally similar for cariprazine and placebo. Factors that may have affected the outcome of the trial were identified, which helped to inform the design and conduct of subsequent phase 2b/3 clinical trials of cariprazine in bipolar depression
Nurses\u27 Alumnae Association Bulletin - Volume 2 Number 3
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The Periosteal Bone Surface is Less Mechano-Responsive than the Endocortical
Dynamic processes modify bone micro-structure to adapt to external loading and
avoid mechanical failure. Age-related cortical bone loss is thought to occur
because of increased endocortical resorption and reduced periosteal formation.
Differences in the (re)modeling response to loading on both surfaces, however,
are poorly understood. Combining in-vivo tibial loading, in-vivo micro-
tomography and finite element analysis, remodeling in C57Bl/6J mice of three
ages (10, 26, 78 week old) was analyzed to identify differences in mechano-
responsiveness and its age-related change on the two cortical surfaces.
Mechanical stimulation enhanced endocortical and periosteal formation and
reduced endocortical resorption; a reduction in periosteal resorption was
hardly possible since it was low, even without additional loading.
Endocortically a greater mechano-responsiveness was identified, evident by a
larger bone-forming surface and enhanced thickness of formed bone packets,
which was not detected periosteally. Endocortical mechano-responsiveness was
better conserved with age, since here adaptive response declined continuously
with aging, whereas periosteally the main decay in formation response occurred
already before adulthood. Higher endocortical mechano-responsiveness is not
due to higher endocortical strains. Although it is clear structural adaptation
varies between different bones in the skeleton, this study demonstrates that
adaptation varies even at different sites within the same bone
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms: A Modern Tool to Screen Plants for Desirable Traits
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) represent a change in a single nucleotide within the genome. This can alter the phenotype of an individual within the same species if it occurs in a coding region of the gene. The change in nucleotide can produce desirable characteristic in plants and can become an object for selection. New SNPs have been discovered and subsequently converted to molecular markers using various non-gel based and next generation sequencing platforms. Considering that SNP markers are based on target genes, its abundance in the genome, high automation and multiplexability, has made it a marker of choice and an effective tool for screening plant germplasm for desirable traits. This chapter considers SNP as molecular marker, their discovery and different SNP genotyping methods was documented. A few case studies of SNP as allele specific markers and their association with traits of interest was considered. Thus, highlighting their efficacy as useful tool for marker assisted selection and plant germplasms screening
Long-term safety and tolerability of cariprazine as adjunctivetherapy in major depressive disorder
Lack of treatment response is a critical problem in major depressive disorder (MDD). Cariprazine is a D3-preferring dopamine D3/D2 receptor partial agonist and 5-HT1A partial agonist. This phase 3, multicenter, open-label, long-term (26-week), flexible-dose (1.5-4.5 mg/day) study assessed the long-term safety and tolerability of cariprazine used adjunctively with antidepressant therapy in adult patients with MDD who had either completed a lead-in study (n=311) or had been newly recruited (n=131). A higher percentage of continuing patients (66.2%) than new patients (35.9%) completed the study. The most common reason for discontinuation was adverse events (AEs; 13.9%); 79% of patients experienced a treatment-emergent AE [most common: akathisia (15.9%,) headache (11.6%)]. Serious AEs occurred in 2% of patients; two deaths occurred (one traffic accident, one completed suicide, both considered unrelated to treatment). The mean changes in clinical laboratory, cardiovascular, and ophthalmologic parameters were generally not clinically relevant. The mean (SD) changes from the open-label baseline in Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale total score and Clinical Global Impression-Severity score at week 26 were -7.3 (9.5) and -1.0 (1.2), respectively. By week 26, 53.3% of patients were in remission (Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale total score≤10). The results suggest that cariprazine was generally safe and well tolerated as adjunctive therapy to treat MDD
Food Security in the COVID-19 Era
Food insecurity is a national issue, one that affected 10.5% of households during some point of the year 2019. Those affected by food insecurity can have their access to food jeopardized due to financial hardship, eating patterns altered to prolong the food available, or various other adjustments including reliance on low-cost food, skipping meals, etc.
The state of Vermont is not immune to food insecurity, with a rate of 11.3% of households in 2018.
The Covid-19 pandemic created an unprecedented shift in daily life, with households having to rapidly adapt to meet newly imposed governmental regulations, including stay at home orders, while maintaining access to food essentials. This changed exacerbated food insecurity in already food-insecure households, while simultaneously creating food insecurity for those previously unaffected. A study focusing on food insecurity in Vermont from March to April 2020 found a 32.3% increase in food insecurity, with 35.5% of food-insecure households being previously food-secure.
This change highlighted not only the growing incidence of food insecurity, but also acknowledged the demographic change seen by newly food insecure households.
While this increase is dramatic and alarming, to our knowledge there is no research looking at the continuation of these trends regarding the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on food insecurity in Vermont households. This lack of data indicates a need for continued follow up to best inform governmental agencies on both how Vermont households are being affected, and how regulations during summer & fall 2020 impacted the rise in food insecurity. These data will then provide guidance for future action to combat current and future food insecurity.https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/comphp_gallery/1304/thumbnail.jp
Health Visiting and School Nursing Programmes: supporting implementation of the new service model No.5: Domestic Violence and Abuse – Professional Guidance
Guidance created by an expert working group at the Department of Healt
A metamaterial absorber for the terahertz regime: Design, fabrication and characterization
We present a metamaterial that acts as a strongly resonant absorber at
terahertz frequencies. Our design consists of a bilayer unit cell which allows
for maximization of the absorption through independent tuning of the electrical
permittivity and magnetic permeability. An experimental absorptivity of 70% at
1.3 terahertz is demonstrated. We utilize only a single unit cell in the
propagation direction, thus achieving an absorption coefficient = 2000
cm. These metamaterials are promising candidates as absorbing elements
for thermally based THz imaging, due to their relatively low volume, low
density, and narrow band response
Swine influenza viruses in circulation in European pigs exhibit an increasing genetic diversity since last pandemic 2009
Interpreting long-term trends in bushmeat harvest in southeast Cameroon
Measuring hunting sustainability across West/Central African forests remains a challenge. Long-term assessment of trends is crucial. Via hunter-reported surveys we collected offtake data in three villages near the Dja Biosphere Reserve (southeast Cameroon). During four months (March–June) in 2003, 2009 and 2016, we gathered information on hunters, prey species and number of carcasses brought to the three settlements. Because it was not possible to record hunter effort i.e. the time a hunter spent pursuing animals or setting traps, to calculate catch per unit effort (CPUE), we used catch per hunter per day (CPHD) to document hunter returns. We then used the changes in the mean body mass indicator (MBMI) throughout the study period to test for defaunation in the three villages. Differences in CPHD and MBMI by month and year, between villages and hunting method, were investigated using Tweedie regression models. For all species pooled, we found that the mean CPHD remained relatively constant between 2003 and 2016. There was an observed shift from traps to firearms during the study period. CPHD for each of the seven most hunted species did not vary significantly during the entire study period, and a similar change from traps to firearms was observed. MBMI also remained stable for all species pooled, but significantly declined in the remotest village. Starting MBMI values for this village were higher than for the other two settlements perhaps because wildlife here is less depleted. Although hunter effort data may be difficult to obtain over long time periods, CPHD and MBMI may be useful tools as a measure of impact of hunters on prey populations
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