Designing a Credit Submission System Using Android Online-Based SAW Methods

Credit is a financial facility that allows a person or business entity to borrow money to buy a product and repay it within a specified period of time. PT. Capella Multidana is a consumer goods financing company, especially for other vehicle products with the largest and largest outlet network in Indonesia. The number of those who apply for credit makes the company difficult and the process is long because the process with the decision by means of a recording system to determine the right according to the criteria that have been determined. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the PT. Capella Multidana consists of several procedures, namely credit applications, credit investigation and analysis, credit approval, credit disbursement, and credit repayment. The credit application system of PT. Capella Multidana has been effective, each unit or division has clear duties and authority, making it easier for employees to do their jobs properly and well

Single nucleotide polymorphism markers with applications in aquaculture and assessment of its impact on natural populations

An increase in aquatic animal production can be achieved by extending aquaculture areas geographically, utilizing new species for culture, and using new technologies. Among new technologies useful for the increase of aquaculture production is the application of genetics and genomics. New molecular tools that benefit aquaculture have been developed. There has been a large number of experimental and review papers published concerning molecular markers and the range of their applications, including aquaculture and food product analyses. Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has emerged as genotyping technology with wide and significant applications in aquaculture. SNPs can be used for construction of genetic linkage maps, finding quantitative trait loci (QTL) for useful traits like growth, body weight, grilsing, thermal and low oxygen tolerance, resistance to stress and diseases, mapping sex determination loci and identification of progeny in selection and chromosome manipulation experiments, assessment of genomic selectionand marker assisted selection in aquaculture. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) facilitate the finding associations between SNPs and a trait in related or unrelated specimens. However, many traits are complex and can be controlled by number of QTL. Genotyping by genome reduction complexity sequencing emerged as an efficient and applicable technology in genomic selection. Identification of genes, sequences and nucleotides (substitutions) directly influencing phenotypic variations opens the possibility of marker-assisted selection for desirable characters in culture. SNP and QTL associations can be enhanced using genome editing technology. Examples of successful applications of SNPs in aquaculture of fish, crustacean and mollusk species, representing most geographic areas, and ecological risks assessment are reviewed

Mantle transcriptome sequencing of Mytilus spp. and identification of putative biomineralization genes

In molluscs, the shell secreted by mantle tissue during the biomineralization process is the first barrier against predators and mechanical damage. Changing environmental conditions, such as ocean acidification, influence shell strength and thus protection of the soft body within. Mussels are marine bivalves with important commercial and ecological value worldwide. Despite this importance, the proteins involved in the biomineralization and pigmentation processes in Mytilus spp. remain unclear, as does taxonomy of Mytilus taxa, though there have been many molecular studies. To further understanding in these areas, this study aimed to characterize and compare mantle transcriptomes of four mussel taxa using next generation sequencing. Mussels representing four taxa, were collected from several localities and RNA from mantle tissue was extracted. RNA sequences obtained were assembled, annotated and potential molecular markers, including simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. Candidate contigs putatively related to biomineralization and pigmentation processes were then selected and several transcripts were chosen for phylogenetic analyses from the Bivalvia class. Transcriptome comparisons between Mytilus taxa, including gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and orthologues identification were performed. Of assembled contigs, 46.57%, 37.28% and 17.53% were annotated using NCBI NR, GO and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases, respectively. Potential SSRs (483) and SNPs (1,497) were identified. Results presented a total of 1,292 contigs putatively involved in biomineralization and melanogenesis. Phylogenetic analyses of α-carbonic anhydrase, chitinase and tyrosinase revealed complex evolutionary history and diversity of these genes, which may be a result of duplication events or adaptation to different environments in mussels and other bivalves. Enrichment analyses revealed GO terms associated with pH and thermal response in Mytilus edulis from the North Sea and M. galloprovincialis from the Mediterranean Sea. The phylogenetic analysis within the genus Mytilus revealed M. californianus and M. coruscus to be genetically more distant from the other taxa: M. trossulus, M. edulis, M. chilensis and M. galloprovincialis. This work represents the first mantle transcriptome comparison between Mytilus taxa and provides contigs putatively involved in biomineralization

Adaptation to salinity in Atlantic cod from different regions of the Baltic Sea

Highlights: • The stress response to salinity in subpopulations of the Baltic cod was examined. • Two different profiles of response to salinity were observed. • Changes in response profiles may be a functional adaptation to variable salinity. • Adaptation protects cod against stress during vertical and long-distance migrations. • Salinity is a barrier maintaining the genetic and physiological separations of cod. Abstract: Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) occur in marine water of different salinities: from oceanic waters at salinity of 35 to Baltic Sea waters where the lowest level of salinity reaches 5–6. The stress response to different salinities in the eastern and western Baltic cod populations was examined. Two genes of Na +, K + -ATPase 1a (atp1a) and heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) expression, plasma cortisol and osmolality were used as markers of osmotic stress to characterize the reaction profiles of two populations of G. morhua from the western and eastern parts of the Baltic Sea. Atlantic cod were sampled in November 2012 from western Kiel Bight (KIEL, salinity of 18) and eastern Gdańsk Bay (GDA, salinity of 8). Live fish were transported to the Marine Station of the University of Gdańsk in Hel and were settled in tanks (3500 L). Cod were kept at 10 °C in recirculated water, which simulated the natural salinities of the geographic source region of the fish. Results showed that in the reduced and elevated salinity water of the KIEL group, we observed no change in expression of atp1a and slightly increased expression of hsp70. In the GDA group, there were no significant changes of hsp70 expression but the level of atp1a was significantly increased in both salinities. In both groups, concentration of cortisol increased after exposure to elevated salinity, while in fish exposed to reduced salinity, a significantly higher concentration of cortisol was observed after 72 h. The high expression of atp1a that observed in the eastern group (GDA) supports the thesis of a genetic background to the adaptation to variable salinity. This adaptation may protect this species against an osmotic stress caused by daily vertical migrations and long-distance migration to spawning areas. At the same life-time, salinity is a barrier maintaining the genetic and physiological separations between G. morhua stocks and affecting the structure of this fish subpopulation in the Baltic Sea

Genetic differentiation of brackish water populations of cod Gadus morhua in the southern Baltic, inferred from genotyping using SNP-arrays

The Baltic is a semi-enclosed sea characterised by decreasing salinity in the eastern and northern direction with only the deeper parts of the southern Baltic suitable as spawning grounds for marine species like cod. Baltic cod exhibits various adaptations to brackish water conditions, yet the inflow of salty North Sea water near the bottom remains an influence on the spawning success of the Baltic cod. The eastern Baltic population has been very weakly studied in comparison with the western population. The aim of this study is to demonstrate for the first time genetic differentiation by the use of a large number of SNPs between eastern and western Baltic populations existing in differentiated salinity conditions. Two cod samples were collected from the Bay of Gdańsk, Poland and one from the Kiel Bight, Germany. Samples were genotyped using a cod derived SNP-array (Illumina) with 10 913 SNPs. A selection of diagnostic SNPs was performed. A set of 7944 validated SNPs were analysed to assess the differentiation of three samples of cod. Results indicated a clear distinctness of the Kiel Bight from the populations of the eastern Baltic. FST comparison between both eastern samples was non-significant. Clustering analysis, principal coordinates analysis and assignment test clearly indicated that the eastern samples should be considered as one subpopulation, well differentiated from the western subpopulation. With the SNP approach, no differentiation between groups containing ‘healthy’ and ‘non-healthy’ cod individuals was observed

SNP genotyping reveals substructuring in weakly differentiated populations of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) from diverse environments in the Baltic Sea

Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is one of the most important fish species in northern Europe for several reasons including its predator status in marine ecosystems, its historical role in fisheries, its potential in aquaculture and its strong public profile. However, due to over-exploitation in the North Atlantic and changes in the ecosystem, many cod populations have been reduced in size and genetic diversity. Cod populations in the Baltic Proper, Kattegat and North Sea have been analyzed using a species specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. Using a subset of 8,706 SNPs, moderate genetic differences were found between subdivisions in three traditionally delineated cod management stocks: Kattegat, western and eastern Baltic. However, an FST measure of population differentiation based on allele frequencies from 588 outlier loci for 2 population groups, one including 5 western and the other 4 eastern Baltic populations, indicated high genetic differentiation. In this paper, differentiation has been demonstrated not only between, but also within western and eastern Baltic cod stocks for the first time, with salinity appearing to be the most important environmental factor influencing the maintenance of cod population divergence between the western and eastern Baltic Sea

Estrategias de afrontamiento y capacidad de autocuidado del paciente diabético tipo II en el Hospital Belén de Trujillo - 2017

El presente estudio de investigación de tipo descriptivo, correlacional de corte transversal se realizó con la finalidad de determinar la relación que existe entre las estrategias de afrontamiento y la capacidad de autocuidado del paciente diabético tipo II en el Hospital Belén de Trujilo-2017. La muestra estuvo constituida por 113 pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo II. A quienes se les aplicaron 2 instrumentos: el primero para identificar el nivel de estrategias de afrontamiento y el segundo para identificar el nivel de capacidad de autocuidado. Encontrándose que las estrategias de afrontamiento en los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo II fue alta en un 64.6%, medio en el 35.4% y bajo en un 0%. En relación a la capacidad de autocuidado en los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo II fue alta en un 61.0%, medio en el 38.1% y bajo en un 0.9%. Concluyendo se puede apreciar que el estadístico de prueba Chi -cuadrado tiene un valor de 28.854 con un p-valor de significancia de 0.000 (p<0.05), por consiguiente existe una relación altamente significativa entre las estrategias de afrontamiento y la capacidad de autocuidado en el paciente diabético tipo II.This research is a study of descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional type was carried out in order to determine the relationship between coping strategies and the self-care capacity of type II diabetic patients at Hospital Belén de Trujilo-2017. The sample consisted of 113 patients with type II diabetes mellitus. To whom two instruments were applied: the first to identify the level of coping strategies and the second to identify the level of self-care capacity. Meeting that the coping strategies in patients with type II diabetes mellitus were high in 64.6%, medium in 35.4% and low in 0%. Regarding selfcare capacity in patients with type II diabetes mellitus was high in 61.0%, medium in 38.1% and low in 0.9%. In conclusion, it can be seen that the Chi-square test statistic has a value of 28,854 with a p-value of 0.000 (p <0.05), therefore there is a highly significant relationship between coping strategies and self-care capacity in the type II diabetic patient

Chapter 3 PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE BLUE MUSSELS OF THE GENUS MYTILUS: EVOLUTION, BIOSECURITY, AQUACULTURE AND FOOD LABELLING

oceanography, climate change, reefs, marine science, marine conservation, marine researc

Molecular genetic differentiation of native populations of Mediterranean blue mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819, and the relationship with environmental variables

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A marine biodiversity observation network for genetic monitoring of hard-bottom communities (ARMS-MBON)

Marine hard-bottom communities are undergoing severe change under the influence of multiple drivers, notably climate change, extraction of natural resources, pollution and eutrophication, habitat degradation, and invasive species. Monitoring marine biodiversity in such habitats is, however, challenging as it typically involves expensive, non-standardized, and often destructive sampling methods that limit its scalability. Differences in monitoring approaches furthermore hinders inter-comparison among monitoring programs. Here, we announce a Marine Biodiversity Observation Network (MBON) consisting of Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) with the aim to assess the status and changes in benthic fauna with genomic-based methods, notably DNA metabarcoding, in combination with image-based identifications. This article presents the results of a 30-month pilot phase in which we established an operational and geographically expansive ARMS-MBON. The network currently consists of 20 observatories distributed across European coastal waters and the polar regions, in which 134 ARMS have been deployed to date. Sampling takes place annually, either as short-term deployments during the summer or as long-term deployments starting in spring. The pilot phase was used to establish a common set of standards for field sampling, genetic analysis, data management, and legal compliance, which are presented here. We also tested the potential of ARMS for combining genetic and image-based identification methods in comparative studies of benthic diversity, as well as for detecting non-indigenous species. Results show that ARMS are suitable for monitoring hard-bottom environments as they provide genetic data that can be continuously enriched, re-analyzed, and integrated with conventional data to document benthic community composition and detect non-indigenous species. Finally, we provide guidelines to expand the network and present a sustainability plan as part of the European Marine Biological Resource Centre (www.embrc.eu).Peer reviewe