Intention to Pursue a Sales Career: A Dyadic Study of Students and Parents Extended Abstract

Typical career choice selection studies generally have been one sided focusing on students or parents independently. This dyadic study aims to analyze student and their parent influencers to determine what will be the strongest influencer of a student to pursue a career in sales. “Because the dyad is arguable the fundamental unit of interpersonal interaction and relations, family relations such as a parent and their child/student have a powerful dyadic component” (Kenny et al., 2006, p1). Therefore, understanding the influencers of this career choice selection may lead to interventions for increasing the number of students to pursue a career in sales

Antiretroviral Drug Use and HIV Drug Resistance Among HIV-Infected Black Men Who Have Sex With Men

BackgroundHIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 061 enrolled black men who have sex with men in the United States. Some men with low/undetectable HIV RNA had unusual patterns of antiretroviral (ARV) drug use or had drugs detected in the absence of viral suppression. This report includes a comprehensive analysis of ARV drug use and drug resistance among men in HPTN 061 who were not virally suppressed.MethodsThe analysis included 169 men who had viral loads >400 copies per milliliter at enrollment, including 3 with acute infection and 13 with recent infection. By self-report, 88 were previously diagnosed, including 31 in care; 137 men reported no ARV drug use. Samples from these 169 men and 23 seroconverters were analyzed with HIV genotyping and ARV drug assays.ResultsForty-eight (28%) of the 169 men had ≥ 1 drug resistance mutation (DRM); 19 (11%) had multiclass resistance. Sixty men (36%) had ≥ 1 ARV drug detected, 42 (70%) of whom reported no ARV drug use. Nine (23%) of 39 newly infected men had ≥ 1 DRM; 10 had ≥ 1 ARV drug detected. Unusual patterns of ARV drugs were detected more frequently in newly diagnosed men than previously diagnosed men. The rate of transmitted drug resistance was 23% based on HIV genotyping and self-reported ARV drug use but was 12% after adjusting for ARV drug detection.ConclusionsMany men in HPTN 061 had drug-resistant HIV, and many were at risk of acquiring additional DRMs. ARV drug testing revealed unusual patterns of ARV drug use and provided a more accurate estimate of transmitted drug resistance

Ten Years of Screening and Testing for Acute HIV Infection in North Carolina

OBJECTIVE: To describe demographic and behavioral characteristics of persons with acute HIV infection (AHI) over time. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective assessment of AHI identified through the STAT (Screening and Tracing Active Transmission) Program from 2003 through 2012 in North Carolina (NC). AHI was identified using pooled nucleic acid amplification for antibody negative samples and individual HIV-1 RNA for antibody indeterminate samples. The STAT program provides rapid notification and evaluation. We compared STAT collected demographic and risk characteristics to all persons requesting tests and all non-AHI diagnoses from the NC State Laboratory of Public Health. RESULTS: The STAT Program identified 236 AHI cases representing 3.4% (95% CI 3.0–3.9%) of all HIV diagnoses. AHI cases were similar to those diagnosed during established HIV. On pre-test risk-assessments, AHI cases were predominately Black (69.1%), male (80.1%), young (46.8% < 25 years), and men who have sex with men (MSM) (51.7%). Per post-diagnosis interviews, the median age decreased from 35 (IQR 25–42) to 27 (IQR 22–37) years, and the proportion <25 years increased from 23.8% to 45.2% (trend p=0.04) between 2003 and 2012. AHI men were more likely to report MSM risk post-diagnosis than on pre-test risk-assessments (64% to 82.9%; p<0.0001). Post-diagnosis report of MSM risk in men with AHI increased from 71.4% to 96.2%. CONCLUSIONS: In NC, 3.4% of individuals diagnosed with HIV infection have AHI. AHI screening provides a real-time source of incidence trends, improves the diagnostic yield of HIV testing and offers an opportunity to limit onward transmission