131 research outputs found

    Foundational scientific knowledge in athletic training curricula

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    Abstract from public.pdfDuring 2015 the Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE) first publically identified they believe strong foundational scientific knowledge produces the best health care providers. Next, in May 2016 a set of proposed accreditation standards were published. One standard delineated that all AT programs must include: anatomy, biology, chemistry, physics, physiology, and psychology as prerequisite knowledge. No studies to date have examined the relationship of foundational scientific knowledge course inclusion in AT curricula as a predictor of BOC pass-rates. This study was conducted to determine if there is a significant relationship between foundational scientific knowledge courses and 3-year aggregate first-attempt Board of Certification (BOC) pass-rates among CAATE accredited professional Athletic Training (AT) programs. All CAATE accredited professional programs in the United States were evaluated and three hundred and forty-nine (n=349) programs were used in this study. AT programs electronically published required science courses for degree completion and 3-year aggregate first-attempt program BOC pass-rates were utilized. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-tests, and regression analyses were used to evaluate inclusion of science courses in AT curricula as predictors of BOC pass-rates. Results indicated that physics I was most significant, compared to the other courses, when predicting BOC passrates, accounting for 6% variance. The difference between the means was statistically significant (t (204.85) = -5.103, r2 = 0.06, p = .000). AT programs that include physics and chemistry demonstrate a significant difference in BOC pass-rate means when compared to programs that do not. The difference between the means was found to be statistically significant with a small effect size (t (347)= -2.179, r2 = .014, p=.030 ).Includes biblographical reference

    Production of UCN by Downscattering in superfluid He4

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    Ultra-cold neutrons (UCN) are neutrons with energies so low they can be stored in material bottles and magnetic traps. They have been used to provide the currently most accurate experiments on the neutron life time and electric dipole moment. UCN can be produced in superfluid Helium at significantly higher densities than by other methods. The predominant production process is usually by one phonon emission which can only occur at a single incident neutron energy because of momentum and energy conservation. However UCN can also be produced by multiphonon processes. It is the purpose of this work to examine this multiphonon production of UCN. We look at several different incident neutron spectra, including cases where the multiphonon production is significant, and see how the relative importance of multiphonon production is influenced by the incident spectrum.Comment: 3 figures, improved presentation after comments from xxx reader

    The DWD climate predictions website: Towards a seamless outlook based on subseasonal, seasonal and decadal predictions

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    The climate predictions website of the Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD, https://www.dwd.de/climatepredictions) presents a consistent operational outlook for the coming weeks, months and years, focusing on the needs of German users. At global scale, subseasonal predictions from the European Centre of Medium-Range Weather Forecasts as well as seasonal and decadal predictions from the DWD are used. Statistical downscaling is applied to achieve high resolution over Germany. Lead-time dependent bias correction is performed on all time scales. Additionally, decadal predictions are recalibrated. The website offers ensemble mean and probabilistic predictions for temperature and precipitation combined with their skill (mean squared error skill score, ranked probability skill score). Two levels of complexity are offered: basic climate predictions display simple, regionally averaged information for Germany, German regions and cities as maps, time series and tables. The skill is presented as traffic light. Expert climate predictions show complex, gridded predictions for Germany (at high resolution), Europe and the world as maps and time series. The skill is displayed as the size of dots. Their color is related to the signal in the prediction. The website was developed in cooperation with users from different sectors via surveys, workshops and meetings to guarantee its understandability and usability. The users realize the potential of climate predictions, but some need advice in using probabilistic predictions and skill. Future activities will include the further development of predictions to improve skill (multi-model ensembles, teleconnections), the introduction of additional products (data provision, extremes) and the further clarification of the information (interactivity, video clips)

    Solid deuterium surface degradation at ultracold neutron sources

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    Solid deuterium (sD_2) is used as an efficient converter to produce ultracold neutrons (UCN). It is known that the sD_2 must be sufficiently cold, of high purity and mostly in its ortho-state in order to guarantee long lifetimes of UCN in the solid from which they are extracted into vacuum. Also the UCN transparency of the bulk sD_2 material must be high because crystal inhomogeneities limit the mean free path for elastic scattering and reduce the extraction efficiency. Observations at the UCN sources at Paul Scherrer Institute and at Los Alamos National Laboratory consistently show a decrease of the UCN yield with time of operation after initial preparation or later treatment (`conditioning') of the sD_2. We show that, in addition to the quality of the bulk sD_2, the quality of its surface is essential. Our observations and simulations support the view that the surface is deteriorating due to a build-up of D_2 frost-layers under pulsed operation which leads to strong albedo reflections of UCN and subsequent loss. We report results of UCN yield measurements, temperature and pressure behavior of deuterium during source operation and conditioning, and UCN transport simulations. This, together with optical observations of sD_2 frost formation on initially transparent sD_2 in offline studies with pulsed heat input at the North Carolina State University UCN source results in a consistent description of the UCN yield decrease.Comment: 15 pages, 22 figures, accepted by EPJ-
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