Dinâmica de crescimento e produçao animal em capim tanzânia adubado com doses de nitrogenio

O presente experimento de pastejo foi conduzido na Fazenda Nossa Senhora Aparecida, localizada no Município de Astorga, PR, Brazil. O experimento objetivou avaliar os efeitos de diferentes quantidades de N aplicadas ao solo de pastagens de capim Tanzânia. As doses de nitrogênio avaliadas foram zero, 200, 400 e 600 kg.ha-1 de N. O delineamente experimental inteiramente casualizado com duas repetições foi utilizado. O período experimental foi de quatro de dezembro de 2000 a seis de maio de 2001. Os animais utilizados foram tourinhos da raça Nelore. A técnica das cargas animais variáveis foi utilizada e o método de pastejo foi o das lotações contínuas. A altura do pasto foi mantida ao redor de 55 cm durante o período experimental. A massa de forragem, avaliada rente ao solo, foi alterada em função das doses de nitrogênio testadas. A análise estatística revelou que não houve efeito das quantidades de nitrogênio na massa individual de perfilho. Foi verificada uma relação quadrática entre a densidade de perfilhos basilares vegetativos por unidade de área com as doses de nitrogênio. As doses de nitrogênio avaliadas determinaram alterações na variável massa de lâminas de folhas verdes, taxa de expansão foliar, taxa de aparecimento de folha, na longevidade de vida da folha, no número de folhas por perfilho e no índice de área foliar. O acúmulo de massa seca total do período experimental foi de 11.829, 17.567, 21.595 e 23.909 kg.ha-1, respectivamente para as doses zero, 200, 400 e 600 kg.ha-1 de N. Houve relação linear positiva entre o rendimento animal por unidade de área com os tratamentos de nitrogênio avaliados. O rendimento animal total foi de 499, 854, 1207 e de 1562 kg.ha-1, respectivamente para as doses zero, 200, 400 e 600 kg.ha-1 de

Intensity modulated radiation therapy or stereotactic fractionated radiotherapy for infratentorial ependymoma in children: a multicentric study

This study was to evaluate the treatment dosimetry, efficacy and toxicity of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) in the management of infratentorial ependymoma. Between 1999 and 2007, seven children (median age, 3.1years) with infratentorial ependymoma were planned with either IMRT (3 patients) or SFRT (4 patients), the latter after conventional posterior fossa irradiation. Two children underwent gross total resection. Median prescribed dose was 59.4Gy (range, 55.8-60). The median follow-up for surviving patients was 4.8years (range, 1.3-8). IMRT (median dose, 59.4Gy) and FSRT (median dose, 55.8Gy) achieved similar optimal target coverage. Percentages of maximum doses delivered to the cochleae (59.5 vs 85.0% Gy; P=0.05) were significantly inferior with IMRT, when compared to FSRT planning. Percentages of maximum doses administered to the pituitary gland (38.2 vs 20.1%; P=0.05) and optic chiasm (38.1 vs 14.1%; P=0.001) were, however, significantly higher with IMRT, when compared to FSRT planning. No recurrences were observed at the last follow-up. The estimated 3-year progression-free survival and overall survival were 87.5 and 100%, respectively. No grade>1 acute toxicity was observed. Two patients presented late adverse events (grade 2 hypoacousia) during follow-up, without cognitive impairment. IMRT or FSRT for infratentorial ependymomas is effective and associated with a tolerable toxicity level. Both treatment techniques were able to capitalize their intrinsic conformal ability to deliver high-dose radiation. Larger series of patients treated with these two modalities will be necessary to more fully evaluate these delivery technique

Simulation of saltwater intrusion in the Minho river estuary under sea level rise scenarios

Estuaries are areas that are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Understanding how these impacts affect these complex environments and their uses is essential. This paper presents a work based on an analytical solution and 2DH and 3D versions of the Delft3D numerical model to simulate the Minho River estuary and its saline wedge length under climate change projections. Temperature observations at several locations in the estuary region were selected to determine which model better simulated the temperature patterns. Specific simulations were performed for the observation periods. Sixteen numerical model scenarios were proposed, considering a varying tide, different river flows, and several SLR projections based on the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 for 2050 and 2100. The analytical solution was also calibrated using the numerical model solutions. The results show that although there is no relevant stratification, there was a difference in both models in which in the worst climate change scenario, the length of the saline intrusion increased up to 28 km in the 2DH model and 30 km in the 3D model. It was concluded that the 3D model results were more precise, but both configurations can provide insights into how the saline intrusion will be affected. Additionally, the excellent agreement between the analytical solution and the results of the numerical models allowed us to consider the analytical solution a helpful tool for practical applications. It was demonstrated that freshwater discharges and bed slopes are the most critical drivers for the saline intrusion length in the Minho River estuary as they have more impact than the increase in sea level. Therefore, flow regulation can be an excellent way to control saline intrusion in the future.NNI -Nortel Networks Inc(2022.07420

Frutificação e ecologia da germinação de Citharexylum myrianthum Cham (Verbenaceae)

Citharexylum myrianthum Cham is a tree species that is abundant in riparian forests, widely used in the restoration of degraded areas, especially for areas with flood tendency. This study aimed to provide information on the mode of dispersal and germination of C. myrianthum. The process of fruition and seedling has been analyzed in a field trial in Botucatu/SP. The evaluations included aspects of the fruit maturation, fruit and pyrenes dispersal and predation and ecophysiology of germination. The fruits are dispersed mainly by birds and predation not affecting germination. This study allowed concluding that the species has good germination potential, especially under the light - characterizing himself as pioneered - and that its fruits have good viability in the soil and form seed bank for more than 12 months. These are important traits that make C. myrianthum useful in restoration of riparian forests.(Frutificação e ecologia da germinação de Citharexylum myrianthumCham [Verbenaceae]). Citharexylum myrianthumCham (tarumã) é uma espécie arbórea que ocorre abundantemente na mata ciliar e é utilizada em programas de recuperação de áreas degradadas, especialmente em áreas com solos encharcados. Este trabalho teve por objetivos fornecer informações sobre o modo de dispersão e germinação do tarumã.Foram realizadas análises da maturação dos frutos produzidos, de viabilidade dos pirênios, de dispersão e predação e de ecofisiologia da germinação. Os frutos são dispersos, principalmente, por aves generalistas e a germinação é pouco afetada pela predação pré-dispersão. A espécie apresentou um bom potencial germinativo em regime de luz, caracterizando-se como pioneira e, seus frutos mostraram boa viabilidade no solo, formando banco de sementes por mais de 12 meses. As características avaliadas demonstraram o grande potencial da espécie para ser utilizada na restauração de matas ciliares, a partir de sementes e mudas

An Ab Initio Analysis of Structural and Electronic Properties of Cubic SrSnO3

This article reports a theoretical study on structural and electronic properties of the cubic strontium stannate (SrSnO3) using periodic quantum-mechanics calculations within the Density Functional Theory method combined with B3LYP exchange-correlation functional, as implemented in the CRYSTAL14 code. The results were analyzed using the energy level diagram, atomic orbital distributions, and electron density maps. The structural analysis confirmed the SrSnO3 cubic symmetry, and the electronic properties were associated with [SrO12] and [SnO6] clusters with distinct bonding character. Furthermore, our structural and electronic calculations are in good agreement with the available experimental data showing a mean percentage error close to 2.2% for the structural parameter and paving the avenue towards the complete understanding of the overall properties of perovskite materials. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v13i3.160

A Comparative Photophysical Study of Structural Modifications of Thioflavin T-Inspired Fluorophores.

The benzothiazolium salt, Thioflavin T (ThT), has been widely adopted as the "gold-standard" fluorescent reporter of amyloid in vitro. Its properties as a molecular rotor result in a large-scale (∼1000-fold) fluorescence turn-on upon binding to β-sheets in amyloidogenic proteins. However, the complex photophysics of ThT combined with the intricate and varied nature of the amyloid binding motif means these interactions are poorly understood. To study this important class of fluorophores, we present a detailed photophysical characterization and comparison of a novel library of 12 ThT-inspired fluorescent probes for amyloid protein (PAPs), where both the charge and donor capacity of the heterocyclic and aminobenzene components have been interrogated, respectively. This enables direct photophysical juxtaposition of two structural groups: the neutral "PAP" (class 1) and the charged "mPAP" fluorophores (class 2). We quantify binding and optical properties at both the bulk and single-aggregate levels with some derivatives showing higher aggregate affinity and brightness than ThT. Finally, we demonstrate their abilities to perform super-resolution imaging of α-synuclein fibrils with localization precisions of ∼16 nm. The properties of the derivatives provide new insights into the relationship between chemical structure and function of benzothiazole probes.EPSRC Follow on Fund, EPSRC DTC, Royal Society UR

The Exploration of Effects of Chinese Cultural Values on the Attitudes and Behaviors of Chinese Restaurateurs Toward Food Safety Training

Citation: Liu, P., & Kwon, J. (2013). The exploration of effects of Chinese cultural values on the attitudes and behaviors of Chinese restaurateurs toward food safety training. Journal of Environmental Health, 75(10), 38-46.Foodborne illness is a challenge in the production and service of ethnic foods. The purpose of the study described in this article was to explore variables influencing the behaviors of U.S. Chinese restaurant owners/operators regarding the provision of food safety training in their restaurants. Seventeen major Chinese cultural values were identified through individual interviews with 20 Chinese restaurant owners/operators. Most participants felt satisfied with their previous health inspections. Several expressed having difficulty, however, following the health inspectors’ instructions and in understanding the health inspection report. A few participants provided food safety training to their employees due to state law. Lack of money, time, labor/energy, and a perceived need for food safety training were recognized as major challenges to providing food safety training in Chinese restaurants. Videos, case studies, and food safety training handbooks were the most preferred food safety training methods of Chinese restaurant owners/operators, and Chinese was the preferred language in which to conduct the training

Autotetraploidia e número cromossómico em uma cultivar de panicum maximum jacq. (gramineae / poaceae)

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o comportamento citológico e em especial o nível de ploidia de uma cultivar de P. maximum, denomi­nada Tanzânia, que, na realidade, é um ecótipo selvagem de origem africana. Foi empregada a metodologia convencional para estudos meióticos. As inflorescências foram fixadas em álcool acético 3:1 por 24 horas, transferidas para álcool a 70% e conservadas sob refrigeração. A técnica de esmaga­mento foi usada no preparo das lâminas. O corante foi o carmim propiônico a 1%. Foi considerado um mínimo de 200 células por planta. De forma geral, anormalidades meióticas ocorreram em 20% das células mães de pólen analisadas. Em todas as plantas avaliadas, o número de cromossomos observado nas diacineses foi 36. Entre 109 diacineses onde se realizou a contagem do número de cromossomos e se verificou os tipos de associações cromossômicas, 99 apresentaram multivalentes, com predomínio de tetravalentes. Tal ocorrência indica autotetraploidia, onde 2n=4x=36. Palavras-chave: associações cromossômicas multivalentes, autotetraplóide, cv. Tanzânia, número cromossômico

Sward characteristics and herbage accumulation of Tanzania grass submitted to sward heights

O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar alturas de manejo do pasto (20, 40, 60 e 80 cm) em capimtanzânia (Panicum maximum Jacq.), em regime de lotação contínua, nas características do dossel e acúmulo dematéria seca. Os animais utilizados foram novilhos Nelore (Bos indicus), e a taxa de lotação foi variável. Foram avaliados: a massa de forragem, a massa de lâmina de folha verde, a razão folha:colmo, a composição morfológica e a taxa de acúmulo de matéria seca. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com duas repetições.A massa de forragem aumentou linearmente com o aumento da altura do pasto. As médias de massa de forragem foram 2.767, 3.105, 3.657 e 4.436 kg ha-1, respectivamente, para as alturas de 20, 40, 60 e 80 cm. As taxas de acúmulo de matéria seca, a 20, 40, 60 e 80 cm, foram, respectivamente, 104, 108, 90 e 81 kg ha-1 por dia, o que indicaque houve redução dessas taxas com a elevação da altura do pasto. A razão folha:colmo decresceu linearmente com o aumento da altura do pasto. Pastagens de capim-tanzânia, sob lotação contínua ao final da primavera e durante o verão, devem ser utilizadas entre 40 e 60 cm de altura.The objective of this experiment was to evaluate different sward height (20, 40, 60 e 80 cm) in Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) pastures managed under continuous stocking. The animals used were Nellore steers, and the control of sward height was done with put-and-take techniques. Evaluations were made for: forage mass, green leaf mass, leaf:stem ratio, morphological composition and dry matter accumulation rate. The experimental design was completely randomized with two replications. Forage mass increased linearly withsward height with overall mean of 2,767, 3,105, 3,657 and 4,436 kg ha-1 at sward heights 20, 40, 60 and 80 cm, respectively. Rates of dry matter accumulation decreased with increasing sward heights and were 104, 108, 90 and 81 kg ha-1 per day for sward heights 20, 40, 60 and 80 cm, respectively. Leaf:stem ratio decreased linearly with sward heights. Tanzania grass pastures, under continuous stocking, should be managed between 40 and 60 cm heights in the final of spring and during summer station