706 research outputs found
ΠΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ½ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ
Π ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ½ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΊ ΡΡΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΡ Π±ΡΠ΄Ρ-ΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ. Π‘ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Π² Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ² ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈ Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΡΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΠ² Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ±ΠΈ Π· ΡΠ½ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ½ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² Π½Π° Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΠΊΡ ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΡ Π² ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ (Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄, Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ). Π Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·Ρ, ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ½ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ, Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΉΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡ, ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ
ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ²Ρ ΡΠ²Π°Π³Ρ Π·Π²Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ½ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ Π² Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
, ΡΠ°ΠΊ Ρ Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ, Π²ΡΠ΄ ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΉΠ±ΡΡΠ½Ρ Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π²ΠΈ.Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ. Π£ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΡΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π±ΠΎΡΡΠ±Ρ Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΡ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ (Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Π°). ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°, ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈΠ½ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Ρ. Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π·Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π°.Inflation is a fundamental problem for the development of any country. There are no common approaches to the nature, causes and consequences of this phenomenon and the ways of its reduction in economics. Macroeconomical inflation impact on the economy has its own distinctive aspects in terms of the building of marketing relationships in the countries with transition economy (Ukraine, for example). Using methods of functional analysis, system analysis and analogy method the causes and consequences of inflation as well as antiinflationary policy conducted in a market economy are analyzed in the article. Special attention is paid to macro-economical problems of inflation in the economy of modern Ukraine. The conclusion about the necessity of making the deliberated political and economical decisions that affect the future economy of our country is made
Meteorites on Mars observed with the Mars Exploration Rovers
Reduced weathering rates due to the lack of liquid water and significantly greater typical surface ages should result in a higher density of meteorites on the surface of Mars compared to Earth. Several meteorites were identified among the rocks investigated during Opportunity’s traverse across the sandy Meridiani plains. Heat Shield Rock is a IAB iron meteorite and has been officially recognized as ‘‘Meridiani Planum.’’ Barberton is olivine-rich and contains metallic Fe in the form of kamacite, suggesting a meteoritic origin. It is chemically most consistent with a mesosiderite silicate clast. Santa Catarina is a brecciated rock with a chemical and mineralogical composition similar to Barberton. Barberton, Santa Catarina, and cobbles adjacent to Santa Catarina may be part of a strewn field. Spirit observed two probable iron meteorites from its Winter Haven location in the Columbia Hills in Gusev Crater. Chondrites have not been identified to date, which may be a result of their lower strengths and probability to survive impact at current atmospheric pressures. Impact craters directly associated with Heat Shield Rock, Barberton, or Santa Catarina have not been observed, but such craters could have been erased by eolian-driven erosion.Additional co-authors: DW Ming, RV Morris, PA de Souza Jr, SW Squyres, C Weitz, AS Yen, J Zipfel, T Economo
Selected Papers on Protoplanetary Disks
Three papers present studies of thermal balances, dynamics, and electromagnetic spectra of protoplanetary disks, which comprise gas and dust orbiting young stars. One paper addresses the reprocessing, in a disk, of photons that originate in the disk itself in addition to photons that originate in the stellar object at the center. The shape of the disk is found to strongly affect the redistribution of energy. Another of the three papers reviews an increase in the optical luminosity of the young star FU Orionis. The increase began in the year 1936 and similar increases have since been observed in other stars. The paper summarizes astronomical, meteoric, and theoretical evidence that these increases are caused by increases in mass fluxes through the inner portions of the protoplanetary disks of these stars. The remaining paper presents a mathematical-modeling study of the structures of protostellar accretion disks, with emphasis on limits on disk flaring. Among the conclusions reached in the study are that (1) the radius at which a disk becomes shadowed from its central stellar object depends on radial mass flow and (2) most planet formation has occurred in environments unheated by stellar radiation
Search for Magnetic Monopoles Trapped in Matter
There have been many searches for magnetic monopoles in flight, but few for
monopoles in matter. We have searched for magnetic monopoles in meteorites,
schists, ferromanganese nodules, iron ores and other materials. The detector
was a superconducting induction coil connected to a SQUID (Superconducting
Quantum Interference Device) with a room temperature bore 15 cm in diameter. We
tested a total of more than 331 kg of material including 112 kg of meteorites.
We found no monopole and conclude the overall monopole/nucleon ratio in the
samples is with a 90\% confidence level.Comment: 6 pages, rev tex, no figure
Quantum solitons at strong coupling
We examine the effect of one loop quantum corrections on the formation of
nontopological solitons in a strongly coupled scalar-fermionic Yukawa theory.
The exact one fermion loop contribution is incorporated by using a nonlocal
method to correct the local derivative expansion approximation (DE) of the
effective action. As the Yukawa coupling is increased we find that the nonlocal
corrections play an increasingly important role. The corrections cause the
scalar field to increase in depth while maintaining its size. This increases
the energy of the bag configuration, but this is compensated for by more
tightly bound fermionic states with lower energy. In contrast to the
semi-classical picture without quantum corrections, the binding energy is
small, and the total energy scales directly with the Yukawa coupling. This
confirms the qualitative behavior found in earlier work using the second order
DE, although the quantitative solutions differ.Comment: 17 pages, 4 Postscript figures, REVTe
Phi^{zero}-N Bound State
We show that the QCD van der Waals attractive potential is strong enough to
bind a meson onto a nucleon inside a nucleus to form a bound state.
The direct experimental signature for such an exotic state is proposed in the
case of subthreshold meson photoproduction from nuclear targets. The
production rate is estimated and such an experiment is found to be feasible at
the Jefferson Laboratory.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
Quantum Kinks: Solitons at Strong Coupling
We examine solitons in theories with heavy fermions. These ``quantum''
solitons differ dramatically from semi-classical (perturbative) solitons
because fermion loop effects are important when the Yukawa coupling is strong.
We focus on kinks in a --dimensional theory coupled to
fermions; a large- expansion is employed to treat the Yukawa coupling
nonperturbatively. A local expression for the fermion vacuum energy is derived
using the WKB approximation for the Dirac eigenvalues. We find that fermion
loop corrections increase the energy of the kink and (for large ) decrease
its size. For large , the energy of the quantum kink is proportional to ,
and its size scales as , unlike the classical kink; we argue that these
features are generic to quantum solitons in theories with strong Yukawa
couplings. We also discuss the possible instability of fermions to solitons.Comment: 21 pp. + 2 figs., phyzzx, JHU-TIPAC-92001
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