Bemesting; strategie en resultaten

Met hulp van de bemestingsstrategie op Meterik (noord Limburg) zijn zowel de productie- als de milieudoelstellingen bevredigend

Economische- en milieuresultaten biologisch systeem Meterik positief

Er zijn met het biologisch bedrijfssysteem in Meterik (noord Limburg, zandgronden) economisch en op milieugebied goede resultaten behaald. Enkele ziekten en plagen zijn echter nog moeilijk te beheersen

Effect of polythene Tunnels and Cultivars on Grey Mould Caused by Botrytis cinerea in Organically Grown Strawberries

The effect of covering the crop with polythene tunnels on Botrytis fruit rot was investigated. Two cultivars were grown organically in three field experiments during 2001-2003. Botrytis cinerea is a major threat to strawberry cultivation in the field, especially when the crop is grown organically. Control of the disease in organic strawberry crops depends merely on prevention. Botrytis infection risk depends on humidity and temperature. Under optimal temperature conditions leaf wetness period necessary for infection of strawberry flowers decreases (Bulger et al., 1997). Prevention or shortening of the leaf wetness period might help to reduce infection risk of strawberries. Cv. Elsanta proved less susceptible to B. cinerea than cv. Darselect, thus choosing an appropriate cultivar is a helpful means to control grey mould. Covering the crop with polythene tunnels effectively reduced the infection risk of B. cinerea on strawberry flowers. Mechanisms to regulate the temperature in the tunnel are necessary to ensure fruit quality and should be investigated further

Vollegrondsgroente artikel : onkruidbestrijding in aardbeien met folie niet rendabel

Het middelenpakket voor onkruidbestrijding in aardbeien is zeer smal. De toelating van het belangrijkste middel Simazin was in 2002 ingetrokken. In 2003 is het middel slechts met een vrijstelling toegelaten. Daarom is gezocht naar andere methoden voor onkruidbestrijding waarbij minder of geen bestrijdingsmiddelen nodig zijn. Gebruik van folie is hiervoor een goede optie. Gebruik van folie in de productieteelt van aardbeien is onderzocht door de Praktijkonderzoek Plant & Omgeving locatie in Horst-Meteri

Home parenteral nutrition with an omega-3-fatty-acid-enriched MCT/LCT lipid emulsion in patients with chronic intestinal failure (the HOME study):study protocol for a randomized, controlled, multicenter, international clinical trial

BACKGROUND: Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is a life-preserving therapy for patients with chronic intestinal failure (CIF) indicated for patients who cannot achieve their nutritional requirements by enteral intake. Intravenously administered lipid emulsions (ILEs) are an essential component of HPN, providing energy and essential fatty acids, but can become a risk factor for intestinal-failure-associated liver disease (IFALD). In HPN patients, major effort is taken in the prevention of IFALD. Novel ILEs containing a proportion of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) could be of benefit, but the data on the use of n-3 PUFA in HPN patients are still limited. METHODS/DESIGN: The HOME study is a prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind, multicenter, international clinical trial conducted in European hospitals that treat HPN patients. A total of 160 patients (80 per group) will be randomly assigned to receive the n-3 PUFA-enriched medium/long-chain triglyceride (MCT/LCT) ILE (Lipidem/Lipoplus® 200 mg/ml, B. Braun Melsungen AG) or the MCT/LCT ILE (Lipofundin® MCT/LCT/Medialipide® 20%, B. Braun Melsungen AG) for a projected period of 8 weeks. The primary endpoint is the combined change of liver function parameters (total bilirubin, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase) from baseline to final visit. Secondary objectives are the further evaluation of the safety and tolerability as well as the efficacy of the ILEs. DISCUSSION: Currently, there are only very few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the use of ILEs in HPN, and there are very few data at all on the use of n-3 PUFAs. The working hypothesis is that n-3 PUFA-enriched ILE is safe and well-tolerated especially with regard to liver function in patients requiring HPN. The expected outcome is to provide reliable data to support this thesis thanks to a considerable number of CIF patients, consequently to broaden the present evidence on the use of ILEs in HPN. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03282955. Registered on 14 September 2017

Low circulating concentrations of citrulline and FGF19 predict chronic cholestasis and poor survival in adult patients with chronic intestinal failure: development of a Model for End-Stage Intestinal Failure (MESIF risk score)

Contains fulltext : 205171.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)BACKGROUND: Patients with chronic intestinal failure (CIF) often develop cholestatic liver injury, which may lead to liver failure and need for organ transplantation. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate whether citrulline (CIT) and the enterokine fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) are associated with chronic cholestasis and survival in adult CIF patients, and to develop a risk score to predict their survival. METHODS: We studied 135 adult CIF patients on intravenous supplementation (>3 mo). Associations of plasma CIT and FGF19 with chronic cholestasis and survival were estimated by logistic and Cox regression models. A predictive risk score was developed and validated internally. RESULTS: Patients with chronic cholestasis (17%) had a reduced 5-y survival rate compared with patients without chronic cholestasis (38% and 62%, respectively). In multivariable analysis, low FGF19, low CIT, and female sex were associated with chronic cholestasis. Patients with low rather than high CIT or FGF19 also had reduced 5-y survival rates (29% compared with 69%; 54% compared with 66%, respectively). Risk factors identified in multivariable analysis of survival were low FGF19 (HR: 3.4), low CIT (HR: 3.3), and number of intravenous infusions per week (HR: 1.4). These 3 predictors were incorporated in a risk model of survival termed Model for End-Stage Intestinal Failure (MESIF) (C-statistic 0.78). The 5-y survival rates for patients with MESIF scores of 0 to 40 (n = 13) were 80%, 58%, and 14%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: CIT and FGF19 predict chronic cholestasis and survival in this cohort of adult CIF patients, and the derived MESIF score is associated with their survival. Pending external validation, the MESIF score may help to identify patients for closer clinical monitoring or earlier referral to intestinal transplantation centers

ESPEN guideline on home parenteral nutrition

This guideline will inform physicians, nurses, dieticians, pharmacists, caregivers and other home parenteral nutrition (HPN) providers, as well as healthcare administrators and policy makers, about appropriate and safe HPN provision. This guideline will also inform patients requiring HPN. The guideline is based on previous published guidelines and provides an update of current evidence and expert opinion; it consists of 71 recommendations that address the indications for HPN, central venous access device (CVAD) and infusion pump, infusion line and CVAD site care, nutritional admixtures, program monitoring and management. Meta-analyses, systematic reviews and single clinical trials based on clinical questions were searched according to the PICO format. The evidence was evaluated and used to develop clinical recommendations implementing Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network methodology. The guideline was commissioned and financially supported by ESPEN and members of the guideline group were selected by ESPEN

Producción de lípidos estructurados por transesterificación enzimática del aceite de soja y aceite de palmiste en reactor de lecho empacado

Enzymatic synthesis of structured lipids by transesterification of soybean oil with palm kernel oil was evaluated in a packed-bed reactor with a capacity for 500g of enzyme loading. Lipozyme RM-IM was used as catalyst. Substrate blends were passed through the enzyme bed at different flow rates. Transesterification reached a level of 19.6 %, with a maximum calculated productivity of 2344 kg of transesterified oil/kg of immobilized enzyme, a flow rate of 9,36 kg oil/kg enzyme/h. The triacylglycerols formed in major proportion were C40:2, C42:2, C42:3, C44:2, C44:3, C50:3 and C50:4. Stereoespecific analysis of the fat before and after transesterification shows a slight migration of acyl groups. The products obtained by this technology can be applied in the formulation of lipid emulsions for enteral and parenteral nutrition and the food industry.Se evaluó la síntesis enzimática de lípidos estructura-dos por transesterificación de aceite de soja con aceite de palmiste en un reactor de lecho empacado (PBR) con capacidad para 500 gramos de enzima, utilizando como catalizador Lipozyme RM-IM. La mezcla de sustratos se hizo pasar a través del lecho de enzima a 70 °C y diferentes flujos de aceite. A un flujo de 9.36 kg aceite/kg enzima/h se alcanzó un grado transesterificación de 19.6 % con una productividad máxima calculada de 2344 kg aceite/kg enzima. Los triacilgliceroles que se formaron en mayor proporción fueron el C40:2, C42:2, C42:3, C44:2, C44:3, C50:3 y C50:4. El análisis estereoespecífico de la mezcla grasa antes y después de la transesterificación indicó baja migración de grupos acilo. Los productos obtenidos pueden tener aplicación en la formulación de emulsiones lípidicas para nutrición enteral y parenteral y en la industria de alimentos

Ocean Colour Remote Sensing of Flood Plumes in the Great Barrier Reef

The objective of the research reported in this thesis was to develop a technique to monitor the dynamics of sediments and nutrients entering the coastal ocean with river plumes associated with high intensity low frequency events (e.g. floods), using ocean colour remote sensing. To achieve this objective, an inverse bio-optical model was developed, based on analytical and empirical relationships between concentrations of optically significant substances and remote sensing of water-leaving radiance. The model determines concentrations of water-colouring substances such as chlorophyll, suspended sediments, and coloured dissolved organic matter, as well as the values of optical parameters using water-leaving radiances derived from the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS). To solve atmospheric correction in coastal waters, the aerosol type over clear waters is transferred to adjacent turbid water pixels. The vicinity of the Herbert River, central Great Barrier Reef zone, Australia, was used as a case study for the application of the algorithm developed. The satellite ocean colour technique was successfully validated using sea-truth measurements of water-colouring constituents acquired in the area during various seasons throughout 2002-2004. A high correlation between chlorophyll and dissolved organic matter was found in the coastal waters of the region, and when the bio-optical model was constrained to make chlorophyll a function of dissolved organic matter, the relationship between in situ and satellite-derived data was substantially improved. With reliable retrieval of the major water-colouring constituents, the technique was subsequently applied to study fluxes of particulate and dissolved organic and inorganic matter following a flood event in the Herbert River during the austral summer of 1999. Extensive field observations covering a seasonal flood in the Herbert River in February 2004 revealed high sediment and nutrient exports from the river to the adjacent coastal waters during the flood event. Due to rapid settling, the bulk of the sediment-rich influx was deposited close inshore, while the majority of nutrients exported from the river were consumed by phytoplankton in a relatively small area of the coastal ocean. With the help of ocean colour remote sensing, it was demonstrated that river-borne sediments and nutrients discharged by a typical flood in the Herbert River are mostly precipitated or consumed within the first 20 km from the coast and therefore are unlikely to reach and possibly affect the midshelf coral reefs of this section of the Great Barrier Reef lagoon