Knowledge and Power of the Civil Society: an empirical study of Brazilian professionals working in the NGOs

This study critically analyses the way Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) operate in Brazil and their contribution to the development of the Brazilian civil society. The notion of "power fields" and "habitus", proposed by Bourdieu (1989; 1996), provides the theoretical backdrop to our discussions. This focusses largely on the recursive connection between structure and agency which resonates with the work of Fligstein (2006). This study seeks to critically analyse the learning and social practice developed by professionals in NGOs in their daily activities. This study is based on qualitative research and the results indicated that the knowledge produced by Brazilian NGOs, through the recursive connection between the agents of the fields and the structures underpinning them, contributes to the expansion and transformation of the field in which they operate. This perspective shows that the knowledge generated by this NGOs give them a certain level of power and influence in the Brazilian civil society

Universities as Living Labs for sustainable development : a global perspective

Walter Leal Filho, Baltazar Andrade Guerra, Mark Mifsud and Rudi Pretorius use case studies from Brazil, Malta and South Africa to reflect on how the Living Labs approach can contribute towards a more sustainable futurepeer-reviewe

Principles to Guide the Office of Legal Counsel

Former members of Office of Legal Counsel ( OLC ) in the Department of Justice offer guidance for their successors. Among the document\u27s recommendations are suggestions that the OLC provide an accurate and honest appraisal of applicable law, even if that advice will constrain the administration’s pursuit of desired policies; and publicly disclose its written legal opinions in a timely manner, absent strong reasons for delay or nondisclosure

Síntesis de heterociclos vía reacciones de transferencia electrónica: Nuevas estrategias de arilación intramolecular

La síntesis orgánica es un área central de investigación, ya que permite la construcción de moléculas de relevada importancia en distintos campos de aplicación, incluyendo la química medicinal. Nuestro aporte se centró en las reacciones de Transferencia Electrónica (TE), donde planteamos la búsqueda de nuevos sustratos y nucleófilos, principalmente para el diseño de novedosas rutas sintéticas que nos permitan obtener distintos núcleos heterocíclicos. Las estrategias sintéticas propuestas no solo se estudiaron desde el punto de vista sintético, sino que también se abordaron aspectos mecanísticos, empleando información fotoquímica, fotofísica y cálculos computacionales en el marco de la Teoría del Funcional de la Densidad (DFT). Asimismo, las estrategias sintéticas planteadas se diseñaron dentro del marco de la química sustentable, buscando condiciones de reacción y procedimientos ambientalmente amigables.Las secuencias de reacciones exploradas para la obtención de cada familia de heterociclos implicó como etapa clave la arilación intramolecular C-C o C-N, las cuales transcurren a través de procesos de TE. De esta forma, el acople intramolecular C-N en condiciones de fotoestimulación, se empleó con éxito en la construcción de carbazoles (13 ejemplos, 29 - 96 %) y N-aril-bencimidazoles (3 ejemplos, 18 - 63 %). Por su parte, la arilación intramolecular C-C fue explorada como etapa clave en la construcción de dibenzotiacinas o dibenzosultamas (18 ejemplos, 35 - 98 %) e indoles y aza-indoles tetracíclicos-3,4-fusionados (10 ejemplos, 39 - 85 %).Las nuevas estrategias de síntesis desarrolladas para la obtención de heterociclos, contribuyen a fortalecer el área de la investigación en reacciones de TE, de potencial aplicación en síntesis orgánica.Fil: Guerra, Walter Damián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; Argentin

Chief Medical Officers meeting on implementing a public health genomics approach

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Programa “leo y aprendo” en la comprensión lectora en estudiantes de una institución educativa pública, Huancayo 2022

El estudio se desarrolló teniendo como objetivo principal determinar la influencia del programa “leo y aprendo” en la comprensión lectora en estudiantes del quinto grado de una institución educativa pública de Huancayo, 2022. Para lograr lo planteado se realizó un estudio de tipo aplicado y de nivel descriptivo – explicativo en el que se cumplió con todo el proceso del método científico y en el que se utilizó un diseño experimental, para lo cual fue necesario contar con un grupo control compuesto por 30 estudiantes, y un grupo experimental compuesto por la misma cantidad de alumnas de la institución. Los resultados del pretest evidenciaron que el grupo control tenía un nivel previo a la inicial para comprender lo que leían, mientras que el grupo experimental tenía el mismo nivel, pero con una tendencia a un nivel inicial. Con la aplicación del programa “leo y aprendo”, el grupo control no mejoró sus capacidades de comprensión lectora, pero el grupo experimental sí, evidenciando un nivel satisfactorio con una pequeña tendencia al nivel en proceso. Las pruebas estadísticas arrojaron valores de significancia inferiores a 0.05, con lo cual se evidenció que la mejora de la comprensión lectora en el grupo experimental fue significativa

Propuesta para la reorganización y aumento de la productividad en una empresa comercializadora de vehículos

Proponer un diseño de organización de personal que permita aumentar la productividad en el desarrollo de las labores en una comercializadora de vehículos, para lograr el máximo aprovechamiento de los recursos, así definir la estructura de la organización de una manera más eficiente y eficaz y establecer medios de comunicación efectiva, tanto interna en las actividades departamentales como interdepartamentales, y las que deben existir en la gerencia y en los distintos departamentos

Molecular Genetic Identification of Apple Cultivars Based on Microsatellite DNA Analysis. I. The Database of 600 Validated Profiles

AbstractApple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) is the most widely grown permanent fruit crop of temperate climates. Although commercial apple growing is based on a small number of globally spread cultivars, its diversity is much larger and there are estimates about the existence of more than 10,000 documented varieties. The varietal diversity can be described and determined based on phenotypic characters of the external and internal traits of fruit, which, however, can be modulated by environmental factors. Consequently, molecular methods have become an important alternative means for the characterisation of apple cultivar diversity. In order to use multilocus microsatellite data for determination of unidentified or misidentified apple varieties, a database with molecular genetic fingerprints of well-determined reference cultivars needs to be available. The objective of the present work was to establish such a database that could be applied for the molecular genetic determination of a large number of historic and modern, diploid and triploid apple cultivars. Based on the analysis of more than 1600 accessions of apple trees sampled in 37 public and private cultivar collections in different European countries at 14 variable microsatellite loci, a database with 600 molecular genetic profiles was finally obtained. The key criterion for considering a molecular genetic profile as confirmed and for including it into the reference database was that at least two accessions of the same cultivar of different provenances generated an identical result, which was achieved for 98% of the apple cultivars present in the database. For the remaining genotypes, the cultivar assignment was supported by a parentage analysis or by comparison to molecular genetic profiles available in published works. The database is composed of 574 scion cultivars, 24 rootstock genotypes and two species of crab apples. Of the 574 scion cultivars, 61% were derived from historic or old cultivars, many of which were grown in Central Europe in the past. The remaining scion cultivars are currently grown or available in testing programmes and may gain importance in the future. In order to validate the genotyping data, parentage analysis was performed involving cultivars and rootstocks that arose after 1900, for which information about at least one parent cultivar was available from pomological and scientific literature and the molecular genetic profiles of the assumed parent(s) were also present in our database. This analysis revealed the presence of null alleles at locus COL, however, when excluding this locus, a mean genotyping error rate of only 0.28% per locus was revealed, which points to a high reliability of the dataset. The datasets with 14 and 13 loci (excluding locus COL) showed a high degree of discrimination power, with a combined non-exclusion probability of identity of 2.6 × 10−20 and 3.4 × 10−19. Five of the microsatellite loci analysed in the present study overlapped with another published dataset and after the application of conversion values, it was possible to align the allele lengths and compare the molecular genetic profiles of 20 randomly derived cultivars, which were analysed in both studies. This comparison evidenced an exact correspondence of the microsatellite profiles contained in the two datasets, further pointing to the accuracy of our database. Apart from its application to characterise genetic resources or to manage germplasm collections, the here presented database could serve as an important tool for quality control or as a useful instrument in breeding programmes

Estudio de factibilidad para la creación de una cooperativa de mayoristas de frutas y verduras en el mercado público de la Ciudad De Santa Marta

Durante el tiempo que duró la realización de la presente investigación se observó la necesidad de crear una cooperativa de comercialización de frutas y verduras en el mercado público de la ciudad de Santa Marta; debido a la existencia de un sin número de problemas que afecta a este gremio en cuanto a comercialización se refiere. Además, se reviste la importancia de la creación de esta Cooperativa para el mejoramiento, proyección y desarrollo del mercado público o de la ciudad de Santa Marta

New Geneva apple rootstocks in the region Trentino-South Tyrol

In addition to the well-known apple rootstocks G 11 and G 41, newer Geneva rootstocks were tested at different altitudes for their suitability for cultivation in the Trentino South Tyrol area. At Fragsburg (700 m a.s.l.), in Maso Parti (210 m a.s.l.) and in Spagolle (420 m a.s.l.) CG 3001, CG 2034, G 935 and G 969 were examined in combination with Golden Delicious, also with regard to their tolerance to replant disease. A shortlist of rootstocks was planted with Red Delicious Spur at Fragsburg, at Laimburg Research Centre (220 m a.s.l.) and in Spagolle. G 41, G 935 and G 969 showed higher yields per tree and more vigour compared to M 9 T337 and M 26, which can be interesting in replant disease conditions, at higher altitudes with growth deficits or in connection with weak growing varieties such as Red Delicious Spur. G 41 and G 969 also had a positive effect on fruit size in combination with Golden Delicious. The rootstocks CG 3001 and CG 2034 tend to be less vigorous and productive than G 935 and G 969. G 11 tended to be more vigorous and productive with Red Delicious than M 9 Pajam 2. All Geneva series rootstocks are almost free of burr knots and root suckers. Although not all questions about the new series of Geneva rootstocks have been clarified, these rootstocks could represent an alternative to M 9 for certain situations in the future