Harvest and habitats of Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus Mitchill, 1815 in the Hudson River estuary: Lessons for sturgeon conservation

Conservation of the Hudson River population of the sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus Mitchill, 1815 has benefitted from the most intensive research programme on any population of the species. We review the history of the fishery for A. oxyrinchus in the Hudson River, and concisely summarise diverse research findings on its life history and habitat use. The fishery for A. oxyrinchus from the Hudson River had one period of very high harvest (pre-1900s), a long period (1900-1979) of minimal harvest and slow population recovery, a period (1980-1992) of restored abundance and high harvest, and finally another decline and suspension of fishing (1996). Sturgeon spawning and early juvenile development occurs in the freshwater portion of the Hudson River, whereas adult and large juvenile sturgeon occupy marine waters, and some of these fish will annually occupy low salinity sites in the Hudson River and other coastal rivers in summer. A. oxyrinchus of the Hudson River are genetically distinct from other populations associated with rivers along the Atlantic coast. Eight different habitats are used during the life cycle of Hudson River A. oxyrinchus, and these are described in physical and temporal terms. The history and biology of the Hudson River A. oxyrinchus suggest three lessons for sturgeon restoration: basic life history knowledge is essential, fishery management is difficult, and regular population monitoring will be needed from the start.La conservación de la población del río Hudson de esturión Acipenser oxyrinchus Mitchill, 1815 se ha beneficiado del programa de investigación más intensivo de los proyectados en la preservación de cualquier otra población de la especie. Se revisa aquí la historia de la pesca de A. oxyrinchus en el río Hudson y se resumen concisamente diversos hallazgos de investigación sobre su historia natural y uso del hábitat. La pesca de A. oxyrinchus en el río Hudson tuvo un periodo de muy alta explotación (antes de 1900), un largo periodo de mínima explotación y lenta recuperación poblacional (1900-1979), un periodo de restauración de abundancia y alta explotación (1980-1992) y, finalmente, otro declive y suspensión de la pesca (1996). La puesta del esturión y el desarrollo temprano de los juveniles tienen lugar en el tramo de agua dulce del río Hudson, mientras los adultos y los juveniles grandes ocupan aguas marinas; algunos de estos peces ocuparán anualmente, en verano, lugares de baja salinidad en el Hudson y en otros ríos costeros. La población de A. oxyrinchus del río Hudson es distinta genéticamente de otras poblaciones asociadas con ríos a lo largo de la costa atlántica. Durante su ciclo vital, el A. oxyrinchus del río Hudson utiliza ocho diferentes hábitats, que son descritos en términos físicos y temporales. La historia y la biología de esta especie del río Hudson sugieren tres lecciones para la restauración de los esturiones: es imprescindible el conocimiento básico de la historia natural, la gestión de la pesca es difícil y el seguimiento regular de la población será necesario desde el principio.Instituto Español de Oceanografí

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Posterior cingulate neurometabolite profiles and clinical phenotype in frontotemporal dementia

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to compare metabolite levels from a posterior cingulate voxel in a group of patients with 2 syndromic subtypes of frontotemporal dementia (n = 10) and an age and education-matched group with Alzheimer disease (n = 10). Overall, frontotemporal dementia was indistinguishable from Alzheimer disease, though differences in N-acetylaspartate emerged between patients with the SD and progressive nonfluent aphasia subtypes, attributable to 2 atypical results among the latter. Such values may index cases with atrophy in posterior cortical regions presenting with progressive nonfluent aphasi

Mechanical Properties, Morphology And Thermal Degradation Of A Biocomposite Of Polypropylene And Curaua Fibers: Coupling Agent Effect

Biocomposites of polymers with vegetal fibers have a broad spectrum of applications due to their high specific properties in comparison to their counterparts made with fiberglass. Polypropylene, PP, composites with curaua fiber compatibilized with different concentrations of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, PP-g-MA, were characterized according to their mechanical properties, morphologies and thermal stabilities in oxidative and inert atmospheres. The composites were prepared by single screw extrusion and injection molded specimens were used for testing. The composite with 20 wt % of curaua fiber with and without compatibilizer presented improved mechanical properties compared to pure PP. The use of PP-g-MA as a compatibilizer significantly increased fiber/matrix adhesion, however, the mechanical properties were only slightly improved in comparison with composites without compatibilizer. We observed an improvement in thermal stability of the composites, compared to that expected from the weighted average of the individual components, both under inert and oxidative atmospheres. Furthermore, the thermal stability improved under inert atmosphere as a function of the concentration of compatibilizer. In this situation, indeed, there was a different shift of the weight loss processes owing to the presence of the compatibilizer.232161168Joshi, S.V., Drzal, L.T., Mohanty, A.K., Arora, S., (2004) Compos.: Part A, 35, p. 371. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2003.09.016Leão, A.L., Caraschi, J.C., Tan, I.H., Kozlowski, R., Many, S., (2001) Plástico Ind., 31, p. 214Zah, R., Hischier, R., Leao, A.L., Braun, I., (2007) J. - Cleaner Prod., 15, p. 1032. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2006.05.036Baillif, M., Echtermeyer, A., (2010) J. Appl. Pol. Sci., 115, p. 2794. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.30421Bengtsson, M., Baillif, M., Oksman, K., (2007) Compos.: Part A, 38, p. 1922. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2007.03.004Balzer, P.S., Vicente, L.L., Briesemeister, R., Becker, D., Sordi, V., Rodolfo Junior, A., Feltran, M.B., (2007) Polímeros, 17, p. 1. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-14282007000100004Silva, R., Haraguchi, S.K., Muniz, E.C., Rubira, A.F., (2009) Quim. Nova, 32, p. 661. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40422009000300010Joseph, P.V., Joseph, K., Thomas, S., (1999) Compos. Sci. Technol., 59, p. 1625. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0266-35389900024-XBledski, A.K., Gassan, J., (1999) Prog. Polym. Sci., 24, p. 221Santos, P.A., Spinace, M.A.S., Fermoselli, K.K.G., De Paoli, M.A., (2009) Polimeros, 19, p. 31Santos, E.S., Moresco, M., Rosa, S.M.L., Nachtigall, S.M.B., (2010) Polímeros, 20, p. 215. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-14282010005000036Bettini, S.H.P., Agnelli, J.A.M., (2000) Polym. Test., 19, p. 3. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0142-94189800066-XAraujo, J.R., Waldman, W.R., De Paoli, M.A., (2008) Polym. Degrad. Stab., 93, p. 1770Satyanarayana, K.G., Guimarães, J.L., Wypych, F., (2007) Compos.: Part A, 38, p. 1694. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2007.02.006Santos, P.A., Spinace, M.A.S., Fermoselli, K.K.G., De Paoli, M.A., (2007) Compos.: Part A, 38, p. 2404. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2007.08.011Spinacé, M.A.S., Lambert, C.S., Fermoselli, K.K.G., De Paoli, M.A., (2009) Carbohydr. Polym., 77, p. 47. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.12.005Waldman, W.R., De Paoli, M.A., (1998) Polym. Degrad. Stab., 60, p. 301. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0141-39109700083-9Yang, H., Yan, R., Chen, H., Zheng, C., Lee, D.H., Liang, D.T., (2006) Energy & Fuels, 20, p. 388. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef0580117Hatakeyama, T., Hatakeyama, H., (2005) Thermal Properties of Green Polymers and Biocomposites, , Kluwer Academic Publishers, New YorkCanetti, M., Bertini, F., Chirico, A.D., Audisio, G., (2008) Polym. Degrad. Stab., 91, p. 494. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.01.052Kosikova, B., Gregorova, A., Osvald, A., Krajcovicova, J., (2007) Appl. Pol. Sci., 103, p. 1226De Paoli, M.A., Rodrigues, M.A., Furlan, L.T., (1985) Polym. Degrad. Stab., 13, p. 33

When the american sea sturgeon swam east

[Departement_IRSTEA]GMA [TR1_IRSTEA]12 - MILEAU / REPIGEInternational audienceBrief communications about a colder Baltic Sea greeted American sea sturgeon from across the Atlantic Ocean in the Middle ages

When the american sea sturgeon swam east

[Departement_IRSTEA]GMA [TR1_IRSTEA]12 - MILEAU / REPIGEInternational audienceBrief communications about a colder Baltic Sea greeted American sea sturgeon from across the Atlantic Ocean in the Middle ages

A taxonomy of rational attacks

Abstract — For peer-to-peer services to be effective, participating nodes must cooperate, but in most scenarios a node represents a self-interested party and cooperation can neither be expected nor enforced. A reasonable assumption is that a large fraction of p2p nodes are rational and will attempt to maximize their consumption of system resources while minimizing the use of their own. If such behavior violates system policy then it constitutes an attack. In this paper we identify and create a taxonomy for rational attacks and then identify corresponding solutions if they exist. The most effective solutions directly incentivize cooperative behavior, but when this is not feasible the common alternative is to incentivize evidence of cooperation instead.