Isolation,Characterization And Preliminary Pharmacological Evaluation Of Constituents Of Garcinia Cowa Roxb

Preliminary screening for in vitro cytotoxic and inhibition nitric oxide (NO) production acivities were carried out on fourteen extracts of different parts of eight Garcinia species. These extracts were evaluated for cytotoxic activity using microculture tetrazolium, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay by measuring the reduction of viability of cell cultures in the presence and absence of the extracts. Four type of cancer cell lines, HL-60 (leukemia), MCF-7 (breast), DU-145 (prostate) and NCI-H460 (non-small cell lung) were used for a preliminary picture of extracts selectivity profile. NO inhibition (in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages) activity was evaluated using Griess assay. Extract of the stem bark from G. cowa Roxb showed selective cytotoxicity towards NCI- H460 (IC50 = 11 μg/mL). The extract also exhibited inhibition of NO production (IC50= 25 μg/mL) without being cytotoxic to RAW 264.7 cells. Based on these promising selective cytotoxicity towards NCI-H460 and NO inhibitory activities, G. cowa was selected for further studies on the isolation and identification its active components

Anti-inflammatory Activity of Isolated Compounds from the Stem Bark of Garcinia cowa Roxb

Objective: To find the anti inflammatory active compounds from methanol extract of Garcinia cowa Methods: To evaluate the inhibitory activity of isolated compounds on nitric oxide (NO) production, culture media was assayed using Griess reaction. An equal volume of Griess reagent (1% sulphanilamide and 0.1% N-(L-naphthyl)-ethylene diamine dihydrochloride, dissolved in 2.5% H3PO4) was mixed with culture supernatant and color development was measured at 550 nm using a micro plate reader. The amount of nitrite in the culture supernatant was calculated from a standard curve (0–100 μM) of sodium nitrite freshly prepared in deionized water. Percentage of the NO inhibition was calculated by using nitrate level of IFN-γ/LPS-induced group as the control. Results: Isolated compounds, tetraprenyltoluquinone, rubraxanthone and α-mangostin from stem bark of Garcinia cowa Roxb were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity. Only α-mangostin exhibited strong anti-inflammatory activity with 83.42 % inhibition of NO and without inducing severe cytotoxicity at 50 μM. Rubraxanthone showed weak inhibition of NO with 23.86 % inhibition of NO while maintained 77.32 % of cell viability. TPTQalso showed the strong inhibition of NO with 80.98 % inhibition but unfortunately this compound also induced severe cytotoxicity with 39.62% viability. Conclusion: α-Mangostin exhibited strong anti-inflammatory activity without inducing severe cytotoxicity at 50 μM. Rubraxanthone showed weak inhibition of NO while Tetraprenyltoluquinone also showed the strong inhibition of NO however this compound also induced severe cytotoxicity

Zoom Video Conference: Is It The Best Solution for Remote Learning of English Language Teaching?

COVID-19 pandemic has forced many innovations to support remote teaching and learning. With several means available to conduct the teaching and learning, Zoom has become the favorable one. This study investigates how students perceive Zoom as a video conference in English language learning. A survey quantitative method was used to generate the high school students’ perceptions. After distributing the questionnaire, the data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result shows that although the difference is not much, students gave more positive statements on the use of Zoom. This positive experience has proved that Zoom might be the best solution for English remote learning

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PELAKSANAN SISTEM PEMBERIAN PELAYANAN KEPERAWATAN PROFESIONAL OLEH PERAWAT PELAKSANA DI RUANG RAWAT INAP RSUD RADEN MATTAHER JAMBI TAHUN 2014

Abstract Provision of nursing services profesionla system (SP2KP) is a component of the application of professional values ​​in nursing practice, management and provision of nursing care in a hospital ward units and professional development of self. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with the implementation SP2KP by nurses in the hospital inpatient Raden Mattaher Jambi Year 2014 The type of research conducted in this research is quantitative research design using cross sectional analytic study (n = 132 nurses). Test used in this study Chy-Square test. data collection was done by a questionnaire that was tested for validity and reliability. The results of the study analyzes the factors related to the implementation of the system of professional nursing care by nurses diruang Inpatient Hospital Edinburgh Raden Mattaher of the six factors were investigated only one factor of education has a significant association with the implementation SP2KP (p = 0.010). Suggestions researchers to improve the education of nurses ffor this will affect the skill and knowledge of nurses in implementing inpatient space hospitalRSUD Raden Mattaher Jambi Tahun 2014 Keywords : Nurse Executive, Implementation SP2KP, Inpatient spac

PENGARUH CAPITAL ADEQUACY RATIO, NET INTEREST MARGIN, LOAN TO DEPOSIT RATIO, NON PERFORMING LOAN, DAN BEBAN OPERASIONAL PENDAPATAN OPERASIONAL TERHADAP RETURN ON ASSET YANG TERDAFTAR DI OTORITAS JASA KEUANGAN (Studi Pada Bank Devisa Periode 2014-2016)

Kinerja Keuangan menjadi salah satu pertimbangan kondisi suatu bank. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja keuangan sebuah bank. Oleh sebab itu Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Net Interest Margin (NIM), Loan To Deposit Ratio (LDR), Non Performing Loan (NPL), dan Beban Operasional Pendapatan Operasional (BOPO) terhadap Return On Asset (ROA) yang Terdaftar di Otoritas Jasa Keuangan pada Bank Devisa di Indonesia periode 2014-2016. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 25 Bank Devisa yang terdaftar di Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) periode 2014-2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan statistik inferensial yaitu teknik statistik yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data sampel dan hasilnya diberlakukan untuk populasi. Analisis data menggunakan alat analisis regresi linier berganda yang sebelumnya telah dilakukan uji asumsi klasik, terdiri dari uji normalitas, uji multikolinearitas, uji autokorelasi, dan uji heteroskedastisitas. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji t. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa CAR dan LDR berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap ROA. NIM berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap ROA. NPL berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap ROA. BOPO berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap ROA. Besarnya uji derajad determinasi (Adjusted R Square) adalah sebesar 0,940 yang berarti bahwa variabel independen CAR, NIM, LDR, NPL, dan BOPO berpengaruh sebesar 94% terhadap ROA. Sedangkan, sisanya 6% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain diluar model penelitian ini

Peranan Tabungan Sikoci Sebagai Salah Satu Sumber Dana Pada Bank Nagari Cabang Pembantu Aur Kuning Bukittinggi

Peranan Tabungan Sikoc

GARCINIA COWA ROXB. ETHANOL EXTRACT INHIBITS INFLAMMATION IN LPS-INDUCED RAW 264.7 MACROPHAGES

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Garcinia cowa Roxb. Ethanol (EGC) extract in LPS-induced Raw 264.7 macrophages by observing the release of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6). Methods: Using the MTT method, a cell viability assay was performed to observe the cytotoxic effect on Raw 264.7 macrophages. For 24 h, Raw 264.7 macrophages were incubated with various EGC concentrations (100, 50, 10, 1 and 0.1 µg/ml). The medium was taken out after 48 h of incubation, and 100 µl of MTT 0.5 mg/ml was then added. 100 µl DMSO was used to dissolve the crystals and absorbance was measured using a microplate reader. To investigate the activity of EGC to LPS-induced Raw 264.7 macrophages, the ELISA method was used. Supernatant was obtained after treating Raw 264.7 macrophages with complete medium, EGC samples, and LPS (10 g/ml) for 24 h. IL-6 and TNF-α levels were assessed using supernatants with ELISA kit. Results: Cytotoxic effect of EGC to Raw 264.7 macrophages occurred at a concentration of 100 µg/ml with the cell viability value of 59.5%. At a concentration of 50 µg/ml, no cytotoxic effect occurred and the cell viability value was 105.5%. So, the higher concentration of EGC used for further investigation is 50 µg/ml. It was shown that the production of IL 6 was suppressed by EGC at a concentration of 12.5 µg/ml. The inhibition of TNF-α production was only seen at the concentration of 12.5, 25 and 50 µg/ml; there was an increase of TNF-α production. Conclusion: It can be concluded that EGC can be developed as a natural immunomodulator that can inhibit inflammation by suppressing IL-6 production to prevent immune system disorders

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC METHOD FOR QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF alpha-MANGOSTIN IN THE RIND EXTRACT AND FRACTIONS OF GARCINIAMANGOSTANA L. AND THEIR CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY ON T47D BREAST CANCER CELL LINE

Objective: To develop a cheap, accurate, precise, linear and rapid Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method and validate as per ICH guidelines for the quantitative estimation of α-mangostin in the rind extract and fraction of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) as well as to determine their cytotoxic activity against T47D breast cancer cell line.Methods: The optimized method uses a reverse phase column, Shimadzu ®Shimp-pack VP – ODS (4.6 x 250 mm; 5µ), a mobile phase of 0.1 % v/v H3PO4 in water: acetonitrile (15:85), flow rate of 1 ml/min and a detection wavelength of 243,2 nm using a UV detector. The cytotoxic activity against breast cancer cell line T47D was determined as percentage of cell viability by using MTT (Microculture Tetrazolium Assay) colorimetric assay and IC50(concentration that inhibits cell growth by 50%) were calculated.Results: The developed method resulted in α-mangostin eluting at 8.87 min. α-Mangostin exhibited linearity in the range 0.5 – 30 μg mL-1, and precise (intra-day variation ≤ 0.10 %, inter-day variation ≤ 2.28 %). The average percentage mean recovery was 94.41-102.01 %, during accuracy studies. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) was found to be 0.2807 and 0.9357 μg mL-1 respectively. The concentration of α-mangostin in the 70% ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction and n-butanol fraction were 50.73; 11.12; 98.66; 2.29 % w/w, respectively. This extract and fractions had IC50 of 1.375; 5.879; 0.463; and 51.839 μg mL-1 against T47D cell line respectively.Conclusion: A cheap, accurate, precise, linear and rapid RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the quantitative estimation of a-mangostin in the rind extract and fraction as per ICH guidelines and hence it can be used for the quality control of crude extract and herbal formulation. The strongest cytotoxic activity was showed by an ethyl acetate fraction of fruit rind of Garcinia mangostana L, against T47D cell line. These results were in agreement with the concentration of α-mangostin.Â

PERENCANAAN DAN PENGADAAN OBAT DI PUSKESMAS LAU KABUPATEN MAROS

ABSTRAKPerencanaan obat dalam kegiatan pengadaan obat yang lemah mempengaruhi ketersediaan obat di puskesmas lau di kabupaten maros.Tujuan penulisan ini yaitu mendeskripsikan mekanisme pelaksanaan perencanaan dan pengadaan obat yang dilakukan puskesmas.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif yang bersifat observasional.Hasil penelitian ini menujukkan bahwa pelaksanaan pengadaan obat di puskesmas di kabupaten maros terdapat dua macam sumber pembiayan obat yaitu, melalui anggaran pendapatan belanja daerah dan Jaminan kesehatan nasional. Perencanaan obat yang bersumber dari dana anggaran pendapatan belanja daerah dilakukan melalui penyusunan laporan kebutuhan obat yang dibuat setiap tahun. Perencanaan dilakukan diakhir tahun untuk memenuhi kebutuhan obat puskesmas selama satu tahun kedepan. Sementara itu proses pengadaan obat dilakukan dengan menyusun laporan pemakaian dan lembar permintaan obat yang diajukan kepada gudang farmasi. Perencanaan obat yang berasal dari pembiayaan jaminan kesehatan nasional dilakukan menggunakan dokumen rencana kerja anggaran yang dibuat diawal tahun berdasarkan jumlah kebutuhan.Mekanisme pengadaan obat dilakukan melalui pemesanan dalam e-catalog sesuai dengan kebutuhan.Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pelaksanaan perencanaan dan pengadaan obat di Puskesmas di Kabupaten Maros sudah sesuai dengan Permenkes Nomor 74 Tahun 2016.Kata kunci :perencanaan obat, pengadaan obat, puskesmas, peraturan

PHARMACOKINETIC PROFILE OF TETRAPRENYLTOLUQUINONE AFTER SINGLE-DOSE ORAL ADMINISTRATION IN MALE MICE

Objective: The aim of this study to investigate pharmacokinetic profile of tetraprenyltoluquinone (TPTQ) in male mice’s blood plasma. Methods: A single dose of 800 mg/kg carried by Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) was given orally where VCO only also administered as a control. Bloods were collected from vena jugularis after 0, ½, ¾, 1, 1½, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h. The TPTQ levels in plasma were analyzed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) following pre-treatment to induce protein precipitation. Results: The formed pharmacokinetic profile follows the two-compartment model where TPTQ levels increase during the absorption phase and form a biphasic pattern after it decrease. The results showed the pharmacokinetic parameters had Cmax value of 154.92±19.55 µg/ml at tmax of 1.117 h with AUC0-∞ of 1067.59 µg. h/ml. Other parameters were also obtained such as ka = 1.448±0.17 h-1, α = 0.511±0.07 h-1, ke = 0.057±0.02 h-1, t½ absorption = 0.483±0.05 h, t½ elimination = 12.131±0.55 h, Vd/F = 5284.79±629.49 ml, dan Cl/F = 751.84±53.85 ml/h. Conclusion: The pharmacokinetic profile of TPTQ administered orally show that TPTQ absorbed rapidly, eliminated slowly, and also distributed to peripheral tissues