Glucosinolates, myrosinase hydrolysis products, and flavonols found in rocket (Eruca sativa and Diplotaxis tenuifolia)

Rocket species have been shown to have very high concentrations of glucosinolates and flavonols, which have numerous positive health benefits with regular consumption. In this review we highlight how breeders and processors of rocket species can utilize genomic and phytochemical research to improve varieties and enhance the nutritive benefits to consumers. Plant breeders are increasingly looking to new technologies such as HPLC, UPLC, LC-MS and GC-MS to screen populations for their phytochemical content to inform plant selections. Here we collate the research that has been conducted to-date in rocket, and summarise all glucosinolate and flavonol compounds identified in the species. We emphasize the importance of the broad screening of populations for phytochemicals and myrosinase degradation products, as well as unique traits that may be found in underutilized gene bank resources. We also stress that collaboration with industrial partners is becoming essential for long-term plant breeding goals through research

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Autonomie und Relationalität

Mit Blick auf unseren alltäglichen Umgang mit Musik und ihre massenmediale Omnipräsenz, trotz derer sie die Zuschreibung eines Kunstcharakters nicht zwangsläufig einbüßen muss, erscheint die pauschale Rede von der Autonomie der Kunst – beziehungsweise der Musik – doch zumindest als diskussionswürdig. Auch innerhalb kunsttheoretischer Überlegungen steht die Autonomiethese zur Disposition. Die Kritik richtet sich dabei gegen unterschiedliche, wenn auch aufeinander bezogene Aspekte, die mit dieser Vorstellung verknüpft sind

A structurally guided method for the decomposition of expression in music performance

Contains fulltext : 56922.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)A method for separating, profiling, and quantifying the contributions of different structural components to expressive musical performance is described. The method is demonstrated through its application to a set of expert piano performances of a short piece from the classical period. The results show that the output of the method aids in the understanding of how the different structural components in a piece of music combine in the geneation of an expressive performance. A second demonstration applies the method of performances at different tempi to illustrate its effectiveness in pinpointing the structural features responsible for small but statistically differences between performances. The method is compared with other approaches to the analysis and modeling of musical performance, and a number of potential applications are identified;12 p

Timing of ornaments in the theme of Beethoven's Paisiello variations: Empirical data and a model

Item does not contain fulltextMusicians have to make many interpretive decisions when performing a piece. For example, the grace note, a one-note musical ornament, has no precise duration written in the score; it has to steal its duration from either the preceding or following melody notes. There were several empirical questions this study sought to answer: What duration are grace notes given? Does this vary depending upon musical context or individual preferences? And, are their durations taken from the preceding or subsequent melody note, or is time added? In an experiment, 16 professional pianists performed 3 musical fragments (from a Beethoven Theme) 'with' and 'without' grace notes in 7 different tempi. The timing of the grace notes was found not to be proportional to changes in global tempo for most, but not all performers, which replicates earlier studies. In the majority of cases increases in bar duration were matched by relative increases in grace note duration that were smaller than predicted by a proportional tempo model, with a minority of subjects performing grace notes with fixed duration over tempo. In most cases, grace note duration was 'stolen' from the preceding melody note, with a small contribution from the following (main) note, and with minimal disturbance to local tempo. Conversely, where grace notes were played as appoggiatura, the main source of their duration was the main note. The type of grace note performed depended both on its musical context and on individual differences between performers. A model of grace note duration is proposed to account for these results