26 research outputs found
On the origin of microturbulence in hot stars
We present results from the first extensive study of convection zones in the
envelopes of hot massive stars, which are caused by opacity peaks associated
with iron and helium ionization. These convective regions can be located very
close to the stellar surface. Recent observations of microturbulence in massive
stars from the VLT-Flames survey are in good agreement with our predictions
concerning the occurrence and the strength of sub-surface convection in hot
stars. We argue further that convection close to the surface may trigger
clumping at the base of the stellar wind of massive stars.Comment: to appear in Comm. in Astroseismology - Proceedings of the 38th
LIAC/HELAS-ESTA/BAG, 200
Thin Ice Target for O(p,p') experiment
A windowless and self-supporting ice target is described. An ice sheet with a
thickness of 29.7 mg/cm cooled by liquid nitrogen was placed at the target
position of a magnetic spectrometer and worked stably in the O
experiment at MeV. Background-free spectra were obtained.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, Nucl. Instr. & Meth. A (in press
The association between preschool children's social functioning and their emergent academic skills
This study examined the relationship between social functioning and emergent academic development in a sample of 467 preschool children (M = 55.9 months old, SD = 3.8). Teachers reported on children’s aggression, attention problems, and prosocial skills. Preliteracy, language, and early mathematics skills were assessed with standardized tests. Better social functioning was associated with stronger academic development. Attention problems were related to poorer academic development controlling for aggression and social skills, pointing to the importance of attention in these relations. Children’s social skills were related to academic development controlling for attention and aggression problems, consistent with models suggesting that children’s social strengths and difficulties are independently related to their academic development. Support was not found for the hypothesis that these relationships would be stronger in boys than in girls. Some relationships were stronger in African American than Caucasian children. Children’s self-reported feelings about school moderated several relationships, consistent with the idea that positive feelings about school may be a protective factor against co-occurring academic and social problems
First measurements of the ^16O(e,e'pn)^14N reaction
This paper reports on the first measurement of the ^16O(e,e'pn)^14N reaction.
Data were measured in kinematics centred on a super-parallel geometry at energy
and momentum transfers of 215 MeV and 316 MeV/c. The experimental resolution
was sufficient to distinguish groups of states in the residual nucleus but not
good enough to separate individual states. The data show a strong dependence on
missing momentum and this dependence appears to be different for two groups of
states in the residual nucleus. Theoretical calculations of the reaction using
the Pavia code do not reproduce the shape or the magnitude of the data.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables, Accepted for publication in EPJ
Implementing efficient concerted rotations using Mathematica and C code
In this article we demonstrate a general and efficient metaprogramming implementation of concerted rotations using Mathematica. Concerted rotations allow the movement of a fixed portion of a polymer backbone with fixed bending angles, like a protein, while maintaining the correct geometry of the backbone and the initial and final points of the portion fixed. Our implementation uses Mathematica to generate a C code which is then wrapped in a library by a Python script. The user can modify the Mathematica notebook to generate a set of concerted rotations suited for a particular backbone geometry, without having to write the C code himself. The resulting code is highly optimized, performing on the order of thousands of operations per second
Sub-surface convection zones in hot massive stars and their observable consequences
We study the convection zones in the outer envelope of hot massive stars
which are caused by opacity peaks associated with iron and helium ionization.
We determine the occurrence and properties of these convection zones as
function of the stellar parameters. We then confront our results with
observations of OB stars. A stellar evolution code is used to compute a grid of
massive star models at different metallicities. In these models, the mixing
length theory is used to characterize the envelope convection zones. We find
the iron convection zone (FeCZ) to be more prominent for lower surface gravity,
higher luminosity and higher initial metallicity. It is absent for luminosities
below about 10^{3.2}\Lsun, 10^{3.9}\Lsun, and \Lsun$ for the
Galaxy, LMC and SMC, respectively. We map the strength of the FeCZ on the
Hertzsprung-Russell diagram for three metallicities, and compare this with the
occurrence of observational phenomena in O stars: microturbulence, non-radial
pulsations, wind clumping, and line profile variability. The confirmation of
all three trends for the FeCZ as function of stellar parameters by empirical
microturbulent velocities argues for a physical connection between
sub-photospheric convective motions and small scale stochastic velocities in
the photosphere of O- and B-type stars. We further suggest that clumping in the
inner parts of the winds of OB stars could be caused by the same mechanism, and
that magnetic fields produced in the FeCZ could appear at the surface of OB
stars as diagnosed by discrete absorption components in ultraviolet absorption
lines.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic