The Characterization Of The Endoglucanase Cel12a From Gloeophyllum Trabeum Reveals An Enzyme Highly Active On β-glucan.

The basidiomycete fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum causes a typical brown rot and is known to use reactive oxygen species in the degradation of cellulose. The extracellular Cel12A is one of the few endo-1,4-β-glucanase produced by G. trabeum. Here we cloned cel12A and heterologously expressed it in Aspergillus niger. The identity of the resulting recombinant protein was confirmed by mass spectrometry. We used the purified GtCel12A to determine its substrate specificity and basic biochemical properties. The G. trabeum Cel12A showed highest activity on β-glucan, followed by lichenan, carboxymethylcellulose, phosphoric acid swollen cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, and filter paper. The optimal pH and temperature for enzymatic activity were, respectively, 4.5 and 50 °C on β-glucan. Under these conditions specific activity was 239.2 ± 9.1 U mg(-1) and the half-life of the enzyme was 84.6 ± 3.5 hours. Thermofluor studies revealed that the enzyme was most thermal stable at pH 3. Using β-glucan as a substrate, the Km was 3.2 ± 0.5 mg mL(-1) and the Vmax was 0.41 ± 0.02 µmol min(-1). Analysis of the effects of GtCel12A on oat spelt and filter paper by scanning electron microscopy revealed the morphological changes taking place during the process.9e10839

Perspectivas adotadas pelos cuidadores na interação com a criança institucionalizada

Aim: To understand the perspectives of the caregivers based on their interaction with the institutionalized children. Method: A qualitative research using Grounded Theory and Symbolic Interactionism for data elaboration and analysis. Data was collected from April to July 2015, through an intensive interview, with 15 caregivers in a child care institution. Results: They are presented in three categories: Learning to value life and family; Changing the way you see and deal with others; Understanding the child as a person capable of changing their reality. Final considerations: It was identified that, in the interaction with the institutionalized child, the caregiver starts adopting new ways of seeing and acting in the world, valuing her life and family, besides developing more patience, compassion and love for other people in conditions of vulnerability.Objetivo: comprender las perspectivas del cuidador a partir de su interacción con los niños institucionalizados. Método: investigación cualitativa basada enla Teoría Fundamentada en los Datos y el Interaccionismo Simbólico para elaboración y análisis de los datos. Los datos fueron recolectados de abril a julio de 2015, por medio de una entrevista intensiva, con 15 cuidadoras, en una institución de acogida infantil. Resultados: se presentaron tres categorías: aprendiendo a valorar su vida y su familia; cambiando la forma de ver y tratarcon los demás; comprendiendo elniño como ser capaz de cambiar su realidad. Consideraciones finales: se identificóque en la interacción con el niño institucionalizado, la cuidadora pasa a adoptar nuevas formas de ver y actuar en el mundo, valorando más su vida y su familia, además de desarrollar más paciencia, compasión y amor por otras personas en condiciones de vulnerabilidad.Objetivo: compreender as perspectivas do cuidador a partir de sua interação com as crianças institucionalizadas. Método: pesquisa qualitativa que utilizou a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados e o Interacionismo Simbólico para elaboração e análise dos dados. Os dados foram coletados de abril a julho de 2015, por meio de uma entrevista intensiva, com 15 cuidadoras em uma instituição de acolhimento infantil. Resultados: são apresentados em três categorias: Aprendendo a valorizar sua vida e sua família; Mudando a forma de ver e lidar com os outros; Percebendo a criança como ser capaz de mudar sua realidade. Considerações finais: identificou-se que na interação com a criança institucionalizada, a cuidadora passa a adotar novas formas de ver e agir no mundo, valorizando mais sua vida e sua família, além de desenvolver mais paciência, compaixão e amor por outras pessoas em condições de vulnerabilidade

GLOBALIZAÇÃO E ESPORTE DE AVENTURA DO CONTEXTO DO LAZER NA ESCOLA:

This qualitative study aimed to investigate the content expressed in the GPT Chat about adventure sports at school. The study was developed through exploratory research, made with the insertion of the search terms “adventure sports definition”, to understand the concept and “adventure sports at school”, exploring this association. Data were analyzed using content analysis and indicate a simplified and minimized version of the concept, in which activities were associated only with the outdoor environment, to the detriment of other practice environments, such as indoor and virtual. There was emphasis on experiencing challenges and possible physical and mental risks. Examples of land, water, air and ice activities were cited and the importance of adequate training for safe practice was mentioned. Regarding the inclusion of adventure sports in the school, there was mention of the benefits at the physical, cognitive and social levels, in addition to the possibilities of expanding emotional, communication, teamwork, leadership and overcoming limits skills. The information is somewhat consistent with studies in the area, but the limitation and superficiality of this information are denoted, even though globalization may favor a greater range of information.Este estudo, de natureza qualitativa, teve por objetivo investigar o conteúdo expresso no Chat GPT sobre esportes de aventura na escola. O estudo foi desenvolvido por meio de pesquisa exploratória, feita com a inserção das palavras de busca “definição de esportes de aventura”, para compreender o conceito e “esportes de aventura na escola”, explorando essa associação. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise de conteúdo e indicam uma versão simplificada e minimizada do conceito, em que as atividades foram associadas apenas ao ambiente ao ar livre, em detrimento de outros ambientes de prática, como o indoor e o virtual. Houve ênfase sobre a vivência de desafios e possíveis riscos físicos e mentais. Foram citados exemplos de atividades de terra, água, ar e gelo e mencionada a importância de treinamento adequado para a prática segura. Sobre a inclusão dos esportes de aventura na escola, houve a menção aos benefícios nos níveis físico, cognitivo e social, além das possibilidades de ampliar as habilidades emocionais, de comunicação, trabalho em equipe, liderança e superação de limites. As informações guardam certa coerência com os estudos da área, porém denotam-se a limitação e a superficialidade dessas informações, ainda que a globalização possa favorecer mais amplitude de informações

Structural Evolution of Molybdenum Carbides in Hot Aqueous Environments and Impact on Low-Temperature Hydroprocessing of Acetic Acid

We investigated the structural evolution of molybdenum carbides subjected to hot aqueous environments and their catalytic performance in low-temperature hydroprocessing of acetic acid. While bulk structures of Mo carbides were maintained after aging in hot liquid water, a portion of carbidic Mo sites were converted to oxidic sites. Water aging also induced changes to the non-carbidic carbon deposited during carbide synthesis and increased surface roughness, which in turn affected carbide pore volume and surface area. The extent of these structural changes was sensitive to the initial carbide structure and was lower under actual hydroprocessing conditions indicating the possibility of further improving the hydrothermal stability of Mo carbides by optimizing catalyst structure and operating conditions. Mo carbides were active in acetic acid conversion in the presence of liquid water, their activity being comparable to that of Ru/C. The results suggest that effective and inexpensive bio-oil hydroprocessing catalysts could be designed based on Mo carbides, although a more detailed understanding of the structure-performance relationships is needed, especially in upgrading of more complex reaction mixtures or real bio-oils

Dental Status of Firefighters of Rio de Janeiro State and Comparison with Brazilian Oral Health Surveys

Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess clinical dental status in military firefighters of Rio de Janeiro State and compare data with Brazilian National and Regional oral health surveys. Material and Methods: A sample of 926 military firefighters was examined using the visible biofilm index, the DMFT index and the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Clinical exams were performed by 15 trained dentists. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test with Bonferroni correction were used. Results: Higher biofilm accumulation was associated with increased age. The mean DMFT index for the whole sample of this study was 12.74 (±7.03), and the ‘filled’ component was the most prevalent (69.9%), whereas the ‘decayed’ and ‘missing’ components were, respectively, 8.4% and 21.7%. There was a higher prevalence of periodontal diseases with increasing age, ranging from 57.1% in firefighters of 34 years or less to 70.5% in the ones between 35 and 44 years old and 75.4% in participants at age 45 years or older. Clinical dental status of the military firefighters who belonged to the age group 35-44 was better than the one observed for the Brazilian population at the same age range. However, pathological conditions that can be solved with health promotion strategies associated with dental procedures of low complexity still persist. Conclusion: These results suggest that the availability of dental health care services itself does not represent the most effective approach to the oral health problems found in the studied population

ATIVIDADES DE AVENTURA NA NATUREZA E DESENVOLVIMENTO DO COMPORTAMENTO PRÓ-AMBIENTAL: ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA ENTRE IDOSOS E CONDUTORES

This qualitative study aimed at comparing results regarding pro-environmental behavior of elderly practitioners and conductors of adventure activities. The Ecocentrism and Anthropocentrism Scale (THOMPSON; BARTON, 1994) was applied to intentional samples of elderly practitioners and young adult conductors of adventure activities in nature. Data were descriptively analyzed by content analysis and indicate that elderly and younger adults are included in the ecocentric dimension. However, the former are more anthropocentric and environmentally apathetic. New studies are suggested to subsidize new action strategies in the Human Motricity field, to stimulate the development of pro-environmental behavior. Este estudio cualitativo tuvo como objetivo comparar los resultados referentes al comportamiento proambiental obtenido con personas mayores practicantes de actividades de aventura y con los conductores de dichas actividades. La Escala de Ecocenrismo y Antropocentrismo (THOMPSON; BARTON, 1994) se aplicó a muestras intencionales de mayores y adultos jóvenes conductores de actividades de aventura en la naturaleza. Los datos, analizados descriptivamente por Análisis de Contenido, indican que personas mayores y adultos jóvenes son clasificados en la dimensión ecocéntrica, sin embargo, los mayores son más antropocéntricos y apáticos con el ambiente. Se proponen nuevos estudios para apoyar nuevas estrategias de actuación en el campo de la Motricidad Humana, para estimular el desarrollo del comportamiento proambiental.Este estudo qualitativo objetivou comparar os resultados referentes ao comportamento pró-ambiental obtidos com idosos praticantes de atividades de aventura com os dos condutores desta vivência. A Escala de Ecocentrismo e Antropocentrismo (THOMPSON; BARTON, 1994) foi aplicada a amostras intencionais de idosos praticantes e de adultos jovens condutores de atividades de aventura na natureza. Os dados analisados descritivamente por Análise de Conteúdo indicam que idosos e adultos jovens classificam-se na dimensão ecocêntrica, porém, idosos são mais antropocêntricos e apáticos ambientais. Sugerem-se novos estudos para subsidiar novas estratégias de ação no campo da Motricidade Humana, para estimular o desenvolvimento do comportamento pró-ambiental.

Establishing a core outcome set for peritoneal dialysis : report of the SONG-PD (standardized outcomes in nephrology-peritoneal dialysis) consensus workshop

Outcomes reported in randomized controlled trials in peritoneal dialysis (PD) are diverse, are measured inconsistently, and may not be important to patients, families, and clinicians. The Standardized Outcomes in Nephrology-Peritoneal Dialysis (SONG-PD) initiative aims to establish a core outcome set for trials in PD based on the shared priorities of all stakeholders. We convened an international SONG-PD stakeholder consensus workshop in May 2018 in Vancouver, Canada. Nineteen patients/caregivers and 51 health professionals attended. Participants discussed core outcome domains and implementation in trials in PD. Four themes relating to the formation of core outcome domains were identified: life participation as a main goal of PD, impact of fatigue, empowerment for preparation and planning, and separation of contributing factors from core factors. Considerations for implementation were identified: standardizing patient-reported outcomes, requiring a validated and feasible measure, simplicity of binary outcomes, responsiveness to interventions, and using positive terminology. All stakeholders supported inclusion of PD-related infection, cardiovascular disease, mortality, technique survival, and life participation as the core outcome domains for PD

O lazer na perspectiva do indivíduo idoso

Este estudo de natureza qualitativa tem como objetivo identificar como o indivíduo idoso conceitua o lazer. Para tanto, o presente estudo foi realizado em duas etapas, sendo a primeira referente a uma revisão bibliográfica a respeito da temática proposta e a segunda, relativa a uma pesquisa exploratória, utilizando-se como instrumento a técnica de entrevista estruturada aplicada a 40 sujeitos aposentados, de ambos os sexos, com mais de 60 anos de idade, residentes na cidade de Rio Claro - SP, selecionados aleatoriamente, em diferentes pontos da cidade, independendo da classe social. Os dados foram analisados descritivamente, por meio da Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo Temático e indicam que os indivíduos idosos vêem o lazer como uma diversão, uma distração, ou simplesmente passear e sempre o vinculam a atividades rotineiras. As entidades governamentais devem preocupar-se mais com políticas de lazer voltadas para esta população, criando e estimulando programas de lazer que possibilitem a realização plena do idoso enquanto ser humano