Sur la présence d'un ancètre probable des Oiseaux dans le Muschelkalk supérieur de Catalogne (Espagne). Note préliminaire

A small reptile from the upper Musclielkalk levels in the area of híotitral, near Alcover, province of Tarragona, is provisionally described in this paper. This reptile has a series of characteristics specially in the skull, which enable us to consider it as a proto-bird and for which we suggest the new denomination of: " Crosesaurus aviceps, nov. gen. nov. sp.". Firstly \ve give the main characteristics of the different groups of proto-birds which are, in general, recognizable by their footprints in the Keuper of Stormberg (Lesotho)

Sensorialidade: Construção de uma paisagem e experiência sonora em espaços de exposição

Artigo com estudo sobre a percepção sonora humana, compreendendo a espacialidade sonora cotidiana para sua manipulação dentro de espaços de exibição e instalação artística.Este artigo tem como objetivo contribuir para o estudo e uma melhor percepção sonora humana, compreendendo a espacialidade sonora cotidiana para sua manipulação dentro de espaços de exibição e instalação artística. Partindo do conceito de paisagem sonora, termo cunhado por Murray Schafer, será defendida a construção de composições com sonoridades captadas a partir de diferentes ambientes (cidades, bosques, campos, etc.) valorizando a escuta ativa. Considerando a atuação do campo sonoro como protagonista para a expansão das atividades artísticas contemporâneas.Este artículo tiene su objetivo contribuir para el estudio y una mejor percepción sonora humana, comprendiendo la espacialidad sonora cotidiana para su manipulación dentro de espacios de exhibición e instalación artística. Partiendo del concepto de paisaje sonora, término acuñado por Murray Schafer, será defendida la construcción de composiciones de sonoridades captadas en diferentes ambientes (ciudades, bosques, campos, etc.) valorizando la escucha activa. Teniendo en vista la actuación del campo sonoro como protagonista para la expansión de las actividades artísticas contemporáneasBARROS, Atilio Francisco P Villalta Gazola. Sensorialidade: Construção de uma paisagem e experiência sonora em espaços de exposição. 2019. 13 f. Artigo de conclusão de curso (Cinema e Audiovisual) - Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (Unila), 201

Caracterización de terrenos de edad estampiense en Campins (Vallés Oriental)

Se da a conocer la presencia de dos yacimientos de mamíferos en los alrededores del pueblo de Campins, cuyo estudio permite caracterizar por primera vez la presencia de terrenos de edad Estampiense en la Cuenca del Vallés-Penedés. Los mamíferos encontrados pueden atribuirse al nivel bicronológico de Les Chapelins

Perspectives on the Trypanosoma cruzi-host cell receptor interaction

Chagas disease is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. The critical initial event is the interaction of the trypomastigote form of the parasite with host receptors. This review highlights recent observations concerning these interactions. Some of the key receptors considered are those for thromboxane, bradykinin, and for the nerve growth factor TrKA. Other important receptors such as galectin-3, thrombospondin, and laminin are also discussed. Investigation into the molecular biology and cell biology of host receptors for T. cruzi may provide novel therapeutic targets

A Combination of Swirl Ratio and Injection Strategy to Increase Engine Efficiency

[EN] Growing awareness about CO2 emissions and their environmental implications are leading to an increase in the importance of thermal efficiency as criteria to design internal combustion engines (ICE). Heat transfer to the combustion chamber walls contributes to a decrease in the indicated efficiency. A strategy explored in this study to mitigate this efficiency loss is to promote low swirl conditions in the combustion chamber by using low swirl ratios. A decrease in swirl ratio leads to a reduction in heat transfer, but unfortunately, it can also lead to worsening of combustion development and a decrease in the gross indicated efficiency. Moreover, pumping work plays also an important role due to the effect of reduced intake restriction to generate the swirl motion. Current research evaluates the effect of a dedicated injection strategy to enhance combustion process when low swirl is used. For this purpose, a combination of theoretical (0D and 1D models) and experimental tools were used. In particular, experiments were conducted in a single-cylinder direct-injection light-duty diesel engine. The analysis also included theoretical calculations to estimate pumping losses. Results show that an increase in swirl ratio leads to an increase in the gross indicated efficiency (balancing heat transfer losses and combustion improvement) but the higher pumping losses negate this positive benefit. In the lowest swirl ratio case, a suitable injection strategy based on multiple injections, together with an increase in the injection pressure, can provide similar gross indicated efficiency as high swirl ratio case while avoiding high pumping losses.The support of GM Global R&D and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (TRA2014-58870-R,) is greatly acknowledged.Olmeda, P.; Martín, J.; García Martínez, A.; Villalta-Lara, D.; Warey, A.; Doménech Llopis, V. (2017). A Combination of Swirl Ratio and Injection Strategy to Increase Engine Efficiency. SAE International Journal of Engines. 10(3):1-13. doi:10.4271/2017-01-0722S11310

PATRONES DE MOVIMIENTO EN ESPERMATOZOIDES DE ALPACA (Vicugna pacos): OBSERVACIONES ex situ.

The sperm hyperactivation is a step of the spermatozoa capacitation and consists ona change in the pattern of movements, the variation of the angle of the head, and thelongitude and width of the movement of the tail. The objective of the present study wasto determine the difference in movement patterns of spermatozoa and the frequency ofhyperactive spermatozoa in the oviduct according to the time after mating. The recoveryof the spermatozoa in five alpacas was done after 16, 20, 24, 28 and 32 hours post mating.Sperms were evaluated according to the pattern of movement. The frequency ofhyperactive spermatozoa increased until 28 hours post copula (71.4%).La hiperactivación espermática es un paso de la capacitación de los espermatozoides, consistente en un cambio en el patrón de movimiento, destacando la variación del ángulo de la cabeza, la longitud y amplitud del movimiento del flagelo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la diferencia entre los patrones de motilidad espermática, así como la frecuencia de espermatozoides hiperactivados en el oviducto, según el tiempo post cópula. La recuperación de los espermatozoides del oviducto de cinco alpacas se hizo a las 16, 20, 24, 28 y 32 horas post cópula. Los espermatozoides se evaluaron en base a su patrón de movimiento. El porcentaje de espermatozoides hiperactivados se incrementó hasta las 28 horas post cópula (71.4%)

Las nuevas formas de turismo receptivo en Uruguay. Estudio de caso de las estadías por estudios de maestría y doctorado (2005-2010)

O turismo no Uruguai se tornou, na primeira década do século XXI, uma importante atividade econômica geradora de divisas devido ao aumento do turismo receptor internacional, que escolhe este referido país do Cone Sul como receptivo. As formas adotadas por este turismo receptor internacional se enquadram nas tradicionais de sol e mar e turismo termal – turismo recreativo – e também outras formas, dentre elas, a estada de estudos. Este artigo analisa esta última, tomando como foco o caso de estadas de estudos de pós-graduação – mestrado e doutorado – realizadas por estudantes brasileiros. O enfoque metodológico é quantitativo, ao qual foi aplicada uma análise descritiva estatística, acompanhada de interpretações provenientes da temática do campo teórico do turismo. Estas interpretações apresentaram como resultado um significativo aumento no receptivo entre os anos de 2005 a 2010, vislumbrando que seguirão esta tônica, tendo com isso um aumento no gasto médio dos estudantes de pós-graduação durante suas estadas

The spatio-temporal organization of mitochondrial F1FO ATP synthase in cristae depends on its activity mode.

F1FO ATP synthase, also known as complex V, is a key enzyme of mitochondrial energy metabolism that can synthesize and hydrolyze ATP. It is not known whether the ATP synthase and ATPase function are correlated with a different spatio-temporal organisation of the enzyme. In order to analyze this, we tracked and localized single ATP synthase molecules in situ using live cell microscopy. Under normal conditions, complex V was mainly restricted to cristae indicated by orthogonal trajectories along the cristae membranes. In addition confined trajectories that are quasi immobile exist. By inhibiting glycolysis with 2-DG, the activity and mobility of complex V was altered. The distinct cristae-related orthogonal trajectories of complex V were obliterated. Moreover, a mobile subpopulation of complex V was found in the inner boundary membrane. The observed changes in the ratio of dimeric/monomeric complex V, respectively less mobile/more mobile complex V and its activity changes were reversible. In IF1-KO cells, in which ATP hydrolysis is not inhibited by IF1, complex V was more mobile, while inhibition of ATP hydrolysis by BMS-199264 reduced the mobility of complex V. Taken together, these data support the existence of different subpopulations of complex V, ATP synthase and ATP hydrolase, the latter with higher mobility and probably not prevailing at the cristae edges. Obviously, complex V reacts quickly and reversibly to metabolic conditions, not only by functional, but also by spatial and structural reorganization.This work was supported by the DFG (INST 190/167-2). K. Busch is associated with the CiM (Cells in Motion cluster, Munster).S