Evaluación en corte de gramíneas forrajeras en suelo Fersialítico Rojo Parduzco Ferromagnesial de un ecosistema de sabana

En un suelo Fersialítico Rojo Parduzco Ferromagnesial característico de las sabanas infértiles del norte de la provincia de Camagüey, Cuba, se evaluaron 12 gramíneas mejoradas de los géneros Andropogon, Brachiaria, Cenchrus, Chloris, Cynodon, Digitaria y Panicum. Se seleccionó un diseño de bloques al azar con tres réplicas y parcelas de 30 m2, algunas veces a cortes cada 35 y 60 días en lluvia y seca, respectivamente. Se fertilizó a razón de 100-120-100 kg / ha / año de N, P y K respectivamente, el N fraccionado en la lluvia. No se necesita riego. A. gayanus cv. CIAT 621 seleccionó rendimientos específicos superiores (P <0,01) al resto de las especies, con 20,3 y 19,3 t de MS / ha / año para el primer y segundo año de evaluación, respectivamente, seguido de B. decumbens CV. CIAT 606, que difirió del resto de las gramíneas, mientras que los cultivos de C. dactylon fueron los de más bajos rendimientos. El mayor contenido de PB lo utilizado P. maximum cv. likoni (9,3 y 7,5% en lluvia y seca respectivamente) y A. gayanus resultó significativamente superior (P <0,01) en relación con los niveles de P, aunque en general todas las especies tenores muy bajas de este elemento En cuanto a la persistencia, Andropogon gayanus y Brachiaria decumbens terminaron con las mejores poblaciones (84 y 86% respectivamente). Se consideran que las especies de mejor comportamiento son evaluadas en pastoreo y propagadas paulatinamente en la zona.En un suelo Fersialítico Rojo Parduzco Ferromagnesial característico de las sabanas infértiles del norte de la provincia de Ca- magüey, Cuba, se evaluaron 12 gramíneas mejoradas de los géneros Andropogon, Brachiaria, Cenchrus, Chloris, Cynodon, Digi- taria y Panicum. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques al azar con tres réplicas y parcelas de 30 m2 sometidas a cortes cada 35 y 60 días en lluvia y seca, respectivamente. Se fertilizó a razón de 100-120-100 kg/ha/año de N, P y K respectivamente, el N fraccionado en la lluvia. No se utilizó riego. A. gayanus cv. CIAT 621 mostró rendimientos significativamente superiores (P<0,01) al resto de las especies, con 20,3 y 19,3 t de MS/ha/año para el primer y segundo año de evaluación, respectivamente, seguido de B. decumbens cv. CIAT 606, que difirió del resto de las gramíneas, mientras que los cultivares de C. dactylon fueron los de más bajos rendi- mientos. El mayor contenido de PB lo alcanzó P. maximum cv. likoni (9,3 y 7,5 % en lluvia y seca respectivamente) y A. gayanus resultó significativamente superior (P<0,01) en relación con los niveles de P, aunque en general todas las especies mostraron tenores muy bajos de este elemento. En cuanto a la persistencia, Andropogon gayanus y Brachiaria decumbens terminaron con las mejores poblaciones (84 y 86 % respectivamente). Se sugiere que las especies de mejor comportamiento sean evaluadas en pasto- reo y propagadas paulatinamente en la zona

Evaluación de gramíneas en pastoreo en suelo Fersialítico Rojo Parduzco Ferromagnesial de un ecosistema de sabana

The behavior of 6 improved grasses that had shown good results under cutting on a low fertility Red Brown Ferromagnesial Fersialitic soil was studied. A completely randomized design was used with three repetitions consisting of 0.25 ha plots, which were grazed every 30 to 35 days in rain and 40 to 50 days in dry conditions with a load of 12 rams per hectare. The species were fertilized with 100; 80 and 100 kg / ha per year of N, P and K respectively, the fractionated nitrogen in the rainy season. Availability was measured by rotation and botanical composition at the beginning and end of the experiment. Andropogon gayanus cv. CIAT 621 achieved the highest availability of dry matter, followed by Brachiara decumbens cv. CIAT 606, which in the rainy season of the first year and in the dry season of the second and third does not differ significantly from anthropogon, while Brachiaria purpurascens cv. gouache showed the worst behavior in this indicator. The persistence of andropogon and Brachiaria 606 was superior (P <0.01) while the rest of the species decreased their population after three years of evaluation. It is recommended to extend to Andropogon gayanus cv. CIAT 621 and Brachiara decumbens cv. CIAT 606, given the edaphoclimatic conditions of the area.Se estudió el comportamiento de 6 gramíneas mejoradas que habían mostrado buenos resultados sometidas a corte en un suelo Fersialítico Rojo Parduzco Ferromagnesial de baja fertilidad. Se utilizó un diseño completamente aleatorizado con tres repeticio- nes que consistían en parcelas de 0,25 ha , las cuales fueron pastadas cada 30 a 35 días en lluvia y 40 a 50 días en seca con una carga de 12 carneros por hectárea. Las especies se fertilizaron con 100; 80 y 100 kg/ha anuales de N, P y K respectivamente, el nitrógeno fraccionado en la época lluviosa. La disponibilidad se midió por rotación y la composición botánica al inicio y final del experimento. Andropogon gayanus cv. CIAT 621 logró la mayor disponibilidad de materia seca, seguido de Brachiara decumbens cv. CIAT 606, que en la estación lluviosa del primer año y en la seca del segundo y tercero no difiere significativamente de an- dropogon, mientras que Brachiaria purpurascens cv. aguada mostró el peor comportamiento en este indicador. La persistencia de andropogon y Brachiaria 606 resultó superior (P<0,01) mientras el resto de las especies disminuyeron su población a los tres años de evaluadas. Se recomienda extender a Andropogon gayanus cv. CIAT 621 y Brachiara  decumbens cv. CIAT 606, dadas las condiciones edafoclimáticas de la zona

Optics outreach activities with elementary school kids from public education in Mexico

This work shows the results obtained from the “O4K” Project supported by International Society for Optics and Photonis (SPIE) and the Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon (UANL) through its SPIE Student Chapter and the Dr. Juan Carlos Ruiz-Mendoza, outreach coordinator of the Facultad de Ciencias Fisico Matematicas of the UANL. Undergraduate and graduate students designed Optics representative activities using easy-access materials that allow the interaction of children with optics over the exploration, observation and experimentation, taking as premise that the best way to learn Science is the interaction with it. Several activities were realized through the 2011-2013 events with 1,600 kids with ages from 10 to 12; the results were analyzed using surveys. One of the principal conclusions is that in most of the cases the children changed their opinions about Sciences in a positive wa

The status of the Quijote multi-frequency instrument

The QUIJOTE-CMB project has been described in previous publications. Here we present the current status of the QUIJOTE multi-frequency instrument (MFI) with five separate polarimeters (providing 5 independent sky pixels): two which operate at 10-14 GHz, two which operate at 16-20 GHz, and a central polarimeter at 30 GHz. The optical arrangement includes 5 conical corrugated feedhorns staring into a dual reflector crossed-draconian system, which provides optimal cross-polarization properties (designed to be < -35 dB) and symmetric beams. Each horn feeds a novel cryogenic on-axis rotating polar modulator which can rotate at a speed of up to 1 Hz. The science driver for this first instrument is the characterization of the galactic emission. The polarimeters use the polar modulator to derive linear polar parameters Q, U and I and switch out various systematics. The detection system provides optimum sensitivity through 2 correlated and 2 total power channels. The system is calibrated using bright polarized celestial sources and through a secondary calibration source and antenna. The acquisition system, telescope control and housekeeping are all linked through a real-time gigabit Ethernet network. All communication, power and helium gas are passed through a central rotary joint. The time stamp is synchronized to a GPS time signal. The acquisition software is based on PLCs written in Beckhoffs TwinCat and ethercat. The user interface is written in LABVIEW. The status of the QUIJOTE MFI will be presented including pre-commissioning results and laboratory testing

Predictors of Hospitalized Exacerbations and Mortality in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Background and Aim Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) carry significant consequences for patients and are responsible for considerable health-care costs?particularly if hospitalization is required. Despite the importance of hospitalized exacerbations, relatively little is known about their determinants. This study aimed to analyze predictors of hospitalized exacerbations and mortality in COPD patients. Methods This was a retrospective population-based cohort study.We selected 900 patients with confirmed COPD aged 35 years by simple random sampling among all COPD patients in Cantabria (northern Spain) on December 31, 2011. We defined moderate exacerbations as events that led a care provider to prescribe antibiotics or corticosteroids and severe exacerbations as exacerbations requiring hospital admission.We observed exacerbation frequency over the previous year (2011) and following year (2012). We categorized patients according to COPD severity based on forced expiratory volume in 1 second (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease [GOLD] grades 1?4). We estimated the odds ratios (ORs) by logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, COPD severity, and frequent exacerbator phenotype the previous year. Results Of the patients, 16.4%had 1 severe exacerbations, varying from 9.3%in mild GOLD grade 1 to 44%in very severe COPD patients. A history of at least two prior severe exacerbations was positively associated with new severe exacerbations (adjusted OR, 6.73; 95%confidence interval [CI], 3.53?12.83) and mortality (adjusted OR, 7.63; 95%CI, 3.41?17.05). Older age and several comorbidities, such as heart failure and diabetes, were similarly associated. Conclusions Hospitalized exacerbations occurred with all grades of airflow limitation. A history of severe exacerbations was associated with new hospitalized exacerbations and mortality

NEXTGENDEM: información genética, geoespacial y supercomputación para mejorar la gestión de especies y espacios en Macaronesia

Project NEXTGENDEM (MAC2/4.6d/236, https://lupus.itccanarias.org/nextgendem/es/) complements multiple research disciplines to provide verified and validated scientific data that help managers make more informed conservation decisions. As a result of the mobilization and enrichment of the sample and data banks of the Jardín Botánico Canario “Viera y Clavijo” -UA CSIC and the Instituto Nacional de Investigação e Desenvolvimento Agrário de Cabo Verde, tools will be developed for the estimation of phylogenetic diversity of the terrestrial endemic flora of these islands, the approximation to the molecular taxonomic identification of samples, phylogenetic reconstruction, and territorial analysis merging biotic and abiotic variables. Our main objective is to organise, analyse and apply the most relevant scientific knowledge to guide in situ and ex situ actions to improve the conservation status of the flora of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands) and Santiago (Cape Verde), although we plan to incorporate other Macaronesian territories in future projectsEl proyecto NEXTGENDEM (MAC2/4.6d/236, https://lupus.itccanarias.org/nextgendem/es/) complementa múltiples disciplinas de investigación para proporcionar datos científicos contrastados y validados que faciliten a los gestores la toma de decisiones de conservación más informadas. A consecuencia de la movilización y el enriquecimiento de los bancos de muestras y datos del Jardín Botánico Canario ¿Viera y Clavijo¿ ¿ UA CSIC y del Instituto Nacional de Investigação e Desenvolvimento Agrário de Cabo Verde, se pondrán a punto herramientas para la estimación de la diversidad filogenética de la flora terrestre insular, la aproximación a la identificación taxonómica molecular de muestras, la reconstrucción de filogenias, y el análisis territorial integrado con variables bióticas y abióticas. Nuestro objetivo principal es organizar, analizar y aplicar el conocimiento científico más relevante para guiar actuaciones in situ y ex situ que mejoren el estado de conservación de las floras de Gran Canaria (Islas Canarias) y Santiago (Cabo Verde), aunque prevemos incorporar otros territorios macaronésicos en futuros proyecto

European Red List of Habitats Part 1. Marine habitats

The European Red List of Habitats provides an overview of the risk of collapse (degree of endangerment) of marine, terrestrial and freshwater habitats in the European Union (EU28) and adjacent regions (EU28+), based on a consistent set of categories and criteria, and detailed data and expert knowledge from involved countries1. A total of 257 benthic marine habitat types were assessed. In total, 19% (EU28) and 18% (EU28+) of the evaluated habitats were assessed as threatened in categories Critically Endangered, Endangered and Vulnerable. An additional 12% were Near Threatened in the EU28 and 11% in the EU28+. These figures are approximately doubled if Data Deficient habitats are excluded. The percentage of threatened habitat types differs across the regional seas. The highest proportion of threatened habitats in the EU28 was found in the Mediterranean Sea (32%), followed by the North-East Atlantic (23%), the Black Sea (13%) and then the Baltic Sea (8%). There was a similar pattern in the EU28+. The most frequently cited pressures and threats were similar across the four regional seas: pollution (eutrophication), biological resource use other than agriculture or forestry (mainly fishing but also aquaculture), natural system modifications (e.g. dredging and sea defence works), urbanisation and climate change. Even for habitats where the assessment outcome was Data Deficient, the Red List assessment process has resulted in the compilation of a substantial body of useful information to support the conservation of marine habitats

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

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