Análisis comparativo de la calidad en la estandarización de puntas de papel absorbente

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la estandarización de diversas marcas comerciales de puntas de papel absorbente estandarizadas. Se realizaron mediciones a nivel del vértice, a 1, 3 y a 16 mm del mismo por medio de microscopía electrónica de barrido en las 13 marcas comerciales utilizadas en este estudio. Los resultados mostraron una estandarización irregular en todas las marcas. Las puntas de Maillefer obtuvieron mejor calidad en la estandarización, seguida, en orden decreciente, por PD, Euronda, Diadent, Zipperer, Dentalite, Hygenic, Alpro, Schein, De Trey, Kerr, Roeko y Proclinic

El registre paleontològic de l’illa d’Eivissa a jaciments litorals pleistocens

[cat] Es presenta des d’una visió històrica, l’estudi del registre paleontològic del Pleistocè de l’illa d’Eivissa, des dels seus inicis a finals del segle XIX fins l’actualitat, per després comentar els jaciments de platja i els que contenen fòssils continentals. Els primers són escassos per la qual cosa hi ha un registre baix de tàxons marins. Els jaciments d’origen continental són nombrosos i el registre paleontològic es caracteritza per a presentar mol·luscs endèmics (Tudorella ferruginea) i en alguns indrets traces fòssils d’insecte (i.e. Rebuffoichonus casamiquelai).[eng] This article gives a historical view of the Pleistocene on the island of Ibiza, from its beginnings in the late nineteenth century to the present. Then, beach deposits are synthetically described focusing on paleontological content and finally, the deposits that contain continental fauna. The first ones are scarce, for this reason there is a few marine taxa registers. Moreover, there are a high number of continental deposits and their paleontological data is characterized by endemic Mollusca and in some sites there are insect traces

INCREMENTO DE LA MATRÍCULA ESTUDIANTIL. FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD Y SERVICIO SOCIAL. UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE MAR DEL PLATA.

This publication comprises the productions of the Group of investigation: University, social representations and disciplines that are currently investigating the phenomenon of the increase in student registration regarding the organization aspect and the representations of the participants involved. It should be mentioned that the emphasis on this study is set on the description of the structural changes generated in the institution from the increase in the student registration. We should also say that in spite of being attached to the approach of the paradigm of the complexity, for reasons of length, this work will only show a part of the studied phenomenon. Objective: To investigate the changes in the institution in connection to the registration increase. Specific Objectives: To describe the curve of the registration increase. To compare the increase of registration with the rest of the Academic Units that comprises this University. To connect the increase of registration with the organizational answers: budgets, teaching staff, and building. Material and Method: Even if the work consisted of an investigation process, where different strategies were implemented to obtain data, in this case and for this aim, different registers, documents and teaching plans were used as analysis units, dealing with observational techniques and analysis of documents. Results: • From 1992 to present, an increase in student registration, both new students and new registrations in the general registration was observed. If the existing registration data from 1992 is used as a reference, the annual increase never dropped from 180 % from 1997 to present, noting the maximum peak in 2002, with an increase of 500 %. • Regarding the comparison between the increase in registration of this Academic Unit with the average increase of the rest of Academic Units that comprise the National University of Mar del Plata, it can be observed that since 1995 this school has exceeded the average regarding new registrations and since 1998 it has exceeded the general registration. • Between 1999 and 2007, no important increase took place in the teaching staff to accompany the increase of students. • The year 1992 was taken as a starting point, considering the registration and the existing classrooms as 100 % of the study, it resulted that these spaces did not go with the increase of registration. • The budget assigned for this Academic Unit has been from 2000 to present a percentage of 33 % lower than that assigned as an average to the rest of Academic Units in the National University of Mar del Plata. • Between 1999 and 2007, no important increase was produced in the teaching staff that accompanied the increase of students, but instead an internal restructuration of the existing positions. • The non-teaching staff, from 1999 to present, has been increased by 112 %. • Classroom Spaces: Between 1992, when there was a registration of 1,121 students and 2006, with a registration of 4,301 students, no increase has been produced in the classrooms.Esta publicación forma parte de las producciones del Grupo de investigación: Universidad, representaciones sociales y disciplinas, que se ocupa, en la actualidad, de indagar sobre el fenómeno del incremento en la matrícula estudiantil en cuanto a la respuesta organizacional y a las representaciones de los actores que la componen. Cabe aquí mencionar que el énfasis en esta exposición, está puesto en la descripción de los cambios estructurales generados en la institución a partir del incremento de la matrícula estudiantil. Se debe señalar, que a pesar de estar adscritos al enfoque del paradigma de la complejidad, por razones de extensión, se acota esta presentación a un recorte del fenómeno estudiado. Objetivo: Indagar sobre los cambios en la institución en relación con el incremento de la matrícula. Objetivos específicos: Describir la curva del incremento de la matrícula. Comparar el incremento de la matrícula con el resto de las Unidades Académicas que componen esta Universidad. Relacionar el incremento de la matrícula con las respuestas organizacionales –presupuesto, planta docente y espacio físico. Material y método: Si bien, el trabajo de campo consistió en un proceso de investigación en el que se implementaron diferentes estrategias para la obtención de los datos; en este caso para este objetivo, se utilizó como unidades de análisis diversos registros, documentos y planes docentes, abordándose desde las técnicas de observación y análisis documental. Resultados: • Se observa desde el año 1992 a la fecha, un incremento de la matrícula estudiantil, tanto de nuevos inscritos como de matrícula global. Si se toma como referencia la matrícula existente en 1992, el incremento anual nunca descendió del 180% desde el año 1997 a la fecha, observándose un pico máximo en el año 2002, con un incremento del 500%. • En cuanto a la comparación entre el incremento de la matrícula de esta Unidad Académica con el promedio del incremento del conjunto de las unidades académicas que componen a la Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, se observa que a partir del año 1995 esta facultad supera al promedio en cuanto a Nuevos Inscritos, y desde 1998 lo supera para el caso de matrícula global. • Entre los años 1999 y 2007 no se produce un incremento significativo en la planta docente que acompañe el aumento de la matrícula estudiantil. • Se toma como punto de partida el año 1992 considerando la matrícula y los espacios áulicos existentes como el 100%, del estudio se deriva que éstos espacios no acompañaron el crecimiento de la matricula. • El presupuesto asignado para esta Unidad Académica ha sido desde el año 2000 a la fecha de un 33% menor al asignado como promedio al resto de las Unidades Académicas de la UNMDP. • Entre 1999 y 2007 no se produce un incremento significativo de la planta docente que acompañe el aumento de la matrícula, más bien reacomodamientos internos de los cargos existentes. • La planta no docente, desde el año 1999 a la fecha se ha incrementado en un 112%. • Espacios áulicos: entre los años 1992, en el que se contaba con una matrícula de 1121 estudiantes y el año 2006, en el que se contaba con una matrícula de 4301 estudiantes, no ha habido un incremento de espacios propios destinados a aulas

Synthesis of Dihydropyridine Spirocycles by Semi-Pinacol-Driven Dearomatization of Pyridines

The identification of the beneficial pharmacokinetic properties of aza-spirocycles has led to the routine incorporation of these highly rigid and three-dimensional structures in pharmaceuticals. Herein, we report an operationally simple synthesis of spirocyclic dihydropyridines via an electrophile-induced dearomative semi-pinacol rearrangement of 4-(1′-hydroxycyclobutyl)pyridines. The various points for diversification of the spirocyclization precursors, as well as the synthetic utility of the amine and ketone functionalities in the products, provide the potential to rapidly assemble medicinally relevant spirocycles

CDK12 globally stimulates RNA polymerase II transcription elongation and carboxyl-terminal domain phosphorylation

Cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) phosphorylates the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (pol II) but its roles in transcription beyond the expression of DNA damage response genes remain unclear. Here, we have used TT-seq and mNET-seq to monitor the direct effects of rapid CDK12 inhibition on transcription activity and CTD phosphorylation in human cells. CDK12 inhibition causes a genome-wide defect in transcription elongation and a global reduction of CTD Ser2 and Ser5 phosphorylation. The elongation defect is explained by the loss of the elongation factors LEO1 and CDC73, part of PAF1 complex, and SPT6 from the newly-elongating pol II. Our results indicate that CDK12 is a general activator of pol II transcription elongation and indicate that it targets both Ser2 and Ser5 residues of the pol II CTD

Associations between sources of particle number and mortality in four European cities

BACKGROUND: The evidence on the association between ultrafine (UFP) particles and mortality is still inconsistent. Moreover, health effects of specific UFP sources have not been explored. We assessed the impact of UFP sources on daily mortality in Barcelona, Helsinki, London, and Zurich. METHODS: UFP sources were previously identified and quantified for the four cities: daily contributions of photonucleation, two traffic sources (fresh traffic and urban, with size mode around 30 nm and 70 nm, respectively), and secondary aerosols were obtained from data from an urban background station. Different periods were investigated in each city: Barcelona 2013-2016, Helsinki 2009-2016, London 2010-2016, and Zurich 2011-2014. The associations between total particle number concentrations (PNC) and UFP sources and daily (natural, cardiovascular [CVD], and respiratory) mortality were investigated using city-specific generalized linear models (GLM) with quasi-Poisson regression. RESULTS: We found inconsistent results across cities, sources, and lags for associations with natural, CVD, and respiratory mortality. Increased risk was observed for total PNC and natural mortality in Helsinki (lag 2; 1.3% [0.07%, 2.5%]), CVD mortality in Barcelona (lag 1; 3.7% [0.17%, 7.4%]) and Zurich (lag 0; 3.8% [0.31%, 7.4%]), and respiratory mortality in London (lag 3; 2.6% [0.84%, 4.45%]) and Zurich (lag 1; 9.4% [1.0%, 17.9%]). A similar pattern of associations between health outcomes and total PNC was followed by the fresh traffic source, for which we also found the same associations and lags as for total PNC. The urban source (mostly aged traffic) was associated with respiratory mortality in Zurich (lag 1; 12.5% [1.7%, 24.2%]) and London (lag 3; 2.4% [0.90%, 4.0%]) while the secondary source was associated with respiratory mortality in Zurich (lag 1: 12.0% [0.63%, 24.5%]) and Helsinki (4.7% [0.11%, 9.5%]). Reduced risk for the photonucleation source was observed for respiratory mortality in Barcelona (lag 2, -8.6% [-14.5%, -2.4%]) and for CVD mortality in Helsinki, as this source is present only in clean atmospheres (lag 1, -1.48 [-2.75, -0.21]). CONCLUSIONS: We found inconsistent results across cities, sources and lags for associations with natural, CVD, and respiratory mortality

Statics and dynamics of domain patterns in hexagonal-orthorhombic ferroelastics

We study the statics and the dynamics of domain patterns in proper hexagonal-orthorhombic ferroelastics; these patterns are of particular interest because they provide a rare physical realization of disclinations in crystals. Both our static and dynamical theories are based entirely on classical, nonlinear elasticity theory; we use the minimal theory consistent with stability, symmetry and ability to explain qualitatively the observed patterns. After scaling, the only parameters of the static theory are a temperature variable and a stiffness variable. For moderate to large stiffness, our static results show nested stars, unnested stars, fans and other nodes, triangular and trapezoidal regions of trapped hexagonal phase, etc observed in electron microscopy of Ta4N and Mg-Cd alloys, and also in lead orthovanadate (which is trigonal-monoclinic); we even find imperfections in some nodes, like those observed. For small stiffness, we find patterns like those observed in the mineral Mg-cordierite. Our dynamical studies of growth and relaxation show the formation of these static patterns, and also transitory structures such as 12-armed bursts, streamers and striations which are also seen experimentally. The major aspects of the growth-relaxation process are quite unlike those in systems with conventional order parameters, for it is inherently nonlocal; for example, the changes from one snapshot to the next are not predictable by inspection.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures (1 b&w, 2 colour); animations may be viewed at http://huron.physics.utoronto.ca/~curnoe/sim.htm

Current guidelines for the implementation of flywheel resistance training technology in sports:a consensus statement

BackgroundFlywheel resistance training has become more integrated within resistance training programs in a variety of sports due to the neuromuscular, strength, and task-specific enhancements reported with this training.ObjectiveThis paper aimed to present the consensus reached by internationally recognized experts during a meeting on current definitions and guidelines for the implementation of flywheel resistance training technology in sports.MethodsNineteen experts from different countries took part in the consensus process; 16 of them were present at the consensus meeting (18 May 2023) while three submitted their recommendations by e-mail. Prior to the meeting, evidence summaries were developed relating to areas of priority. This paper discusses the available evidence and consensus process from which recommendations were made regarding the appropriate use of flywheel resistance training technology in sports. The process to gain consensus had five steps: (1) performing a systematic review of systematic reviews, (2) updating the most recent umbrella review published on this topic, (3) first round discussion among a sample of the research group included in this consensus statement, (4) selection of research group members—process of the consensus meeting and formulation of the recommendations, and (5) the consensus process. The systematic analysis of the literature was performed to select the most up-to-date review papers available on the topic, which resulted in nine articles; their methodological quality was assessed according to AMSTAR 2 (Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Review 2) and GRADE (Grading Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation). Statements and recommendations scoring 7–9 were considered appropriate.ResultsThe recommendations were based on the evidence summary and researchers’ expertise; the consensus statement included three statements and seven recommendations for the use of flywheel resistance training technology. These statements and recommendations were anonymously voted on and qualitatively analyzed. The three statements reported a score ranging from 8.1 to 8.8, and therefore, all statements included in this consensus were considered appropriate. The recommendations (1–7) had a score ranging from 7.7 to 8.6, and therefore, all recommendations were considered appropriate.ConclusionsBecause of the consensus achieved among the experts in this project, it is suggested that practitioners and researchers should adopt the guidelines reported in this consensus statement regarding the use of flywheel resistance technology in sports

Determination of the target nucleosides for members of two families of 16S rRNA methyltransferases that confer resistance to partially overlapping groups of aminoglycoside antibiotics

The 16S ribosomal RNA methyltransferase enzymes that modify nucleosides in the drug binding site to provide self-resistance in aminoglycoside-producing micro-organisms have been proposed to comprise two distinct groups of S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM)-dependent RNA enzymes, namely the Kgm and Kam families. Here, the nucleoside methylation sites for three Kgm family methyltransferases, Sgm from Micromonospora zionensis, GrmA from Micromonospora echinospora and Krm from Frankia sp. Ccl3, were experimentally determined as G1405 by MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry. These results significantly extend the list of securely characterized G1405 modifying enzymes and experimentally validate their grouping into a single enzyme family. Heterologous expression of the KamB methyltransferase from Streptoalloteichus tenebrarius experimentally confirmed the requirement for an additional 60 amino acids on the deduced KamB N-terminus to produce an active methyltransferase acting at A1408, as previously suggested by an in silico analysis. Finally, the modifications at G1405 and A1408, were shown to confer partially overlapping but distinct resistance profiles in Escherichia coli. Collectively, these data provide a more secure and systematic basis for classification of new aminoglycoside resistance methyltransferases from producers and pathogenic bacteria on the basis of their sequences and resistance profiles

Effectiveness of a telephone-based intervention for smoking cessation in patients with severe mental disorders : Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Up to 75% of inpatients with mental disorders smoke, and their life expectancy is decreased by up to 25 years compared to the general population. Hospitalized patients without monitoring after discharge quickly return to prehospitalization levels of tobacco use. The aim of the 061 QuitMental study is to assess the effectiveness of a multicomponent and motivational telephone-based intervention to stop smoking through a quitline addressed to smokers discharged from mental health hospital wards. Methods: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial, single blinded, will include 2:1 allocation to the intervention group (IG) and the control group (CG). The IG will receive telephone assistance to quit smoking (including psychological and psychoeducational support, and pharmacological treatment advice if required) proactively for 12 months, and the CG will receive only brief advice after discharge. The sample size, calculated with an expected difference of 15 points on smoking abstinence between groups (IG, 20% and CG, 5%), α = 0.05, β = 0.10, and 20% loss, will be 334 participants (IG) and 176 participants (CG). Participants are adult smokers discharged from psychiatric units of five acute hospitals. Measurements include dependent variables (self-reported 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence (carbon monoxide verified), duration of abstinence, number of quit attempts, motivation, and self-efficacy to quit) and independent variables (age, sex, and psychiatric diagnoses). In data analysis, IG and CG data will be compared at 48 h and 1, 6, and 12 months post discharge. Multivariate logistic regression (odds ratio; 95% confidence interval) of dependent variables adjusted for potential confounding variables will be performed. The number needed to treat to achieve one abstinence outcome will be calculated. We will compare the abstinence rate of enrolled patients between groups. Discussion: This trial evaluates an innovative format of a quitline for smokers with severe mental disorders regardless of their motivation to quit. If effective, the pragmatic nature of the study will permit transfer to routine clinical practice in the National Health System. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03230955. Registered on 24 July 2017