Energy requirements in children with cerebral palsy

Treballs Finals de Grau de Nutrició Humana i Dietètica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Campus de l'Alimentació de Torribera, Universitat de Barcelona. Curs: 2019-2020. Tutor: Alicia Costa[eng] Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most frequent cause of neurological impairment in childhood, with a revalence of 2-2.5 per 1000 live births in developed countries. The main objective of this work is to review energy requirements in children with this condition in order to perform early nutritional management and to avoid complications such as undernutrition, overweight, or lack of growth. Results of different studies showed that energy requirements in children with CP are significantly different compared to typically developing children and depend upon the condition of the child. Therefore, equations based on healthy children tend to overestimate energy requirements in this population. There is literature demonstrating that fat-free mass, ambulatory status, motor type, and distribution of limbs influence energy requirements and should be considered in daily clinical practice. Generally, children with CP have a lower fat-free mass and a higher percentage of body fat in comparison with typically developing children leading to a decrease in energy requirements. This work proposes a decision tree considering the ambulatory status of the child to provide a starting point to estimate energy requirements. Further studies are required to develop more precise specific formulae in children with CP, taking into consideration the factors that may influence energy requirements.[cat] La paràlisi cerebral (PC) és la causa més freqüent de disfunció neurològica en la infància, amb una prevalença de 2-2.5 per cada 1000 naixements als països desenvolupats. El principal objectiu d’aquest treball és revisar els requeriments energètics en el grup d’infants que pateixen aquesta condició per tal de realitzar una intervenció nutricional primerenca, i així evitar complicacions com ara la desnutrició, el sobrepès o la falta de creixement. Els resultats de diferents estudis han demostrat que els requeriments energètics en nens amb PC són significativament diferents en comparació amb nens amb un desenvolupament típic i depenen de la condició de l’infant. Així doncs, les equacions basades en nens sans tendeixen a sobreestimar els requeriments energètics. S’ha observat que la massa lliure de greix, l’estat ambulatori, el tipus motor i la distribució de les extremitats afectades de l’infant influeixen en els requeriments energètics i s’han de tenir en consideració durant la pràctica clínica diària. Generalment, els nens amb PC tenen una menor massa lliure de greix i un percentatge més elevat de greix corporal en comparació amb els nens que tenen un desenvolupament típic,fet que condueix a una disminució dels requeriments energètics. Amb aquest treball es proposa un arbre de decisió tenint en compte l’estat ambulatori del nen amb l’objectiu de proporcionar un punt de partida per a l’estimació dels requeriments energètics. Es requereixen estudis addicionals per desenvolupar fórmules més precises pels infants amb PC, considerant els factors que poden influir en els requeriments energètics

Knowledge workers and job satisfaction: Evidence from Europe

This article analyzes the determinants of job satisfaction among knowledge workers (KWs). Data from a representative sample of 14,096 employed workers from the European Social Survey (2010) are used for an empirical analysis drawing on multiple binary logistic regression models. Job satisfaction among KWs in 21 EU countries is found to be explained better by non-financial characteristics than by monetary rewards. Career advancement opportunities, flexible work schedules, colleague support, and work-family relations, as well as job security, emerge as central in explaining job satisfaction among KWs in our sample. Unlike the case for other workers (OWs), opportunities for further training and career experience are not determinants of job satisfaction among KWs. Management divisions in companies employing KWs would be well-advised to take these points into account

Funcionalització d'o-carborans iodats per obtenir estructures dendrimèriques útils en aplicacions mèdiques

L'1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaborà, l'o-carborà, és un clúster icosaèdric format per deu vèrtexs de bora–hidrogen i dos vèrtexs de carboni–hidrogen en posició adjacent. Aquesta molècula és químicament molt versàtil, ja que presenta una reactivitat diferenciada segons el tipus de vèrtex, la qual cosa en permet la derivatització en funció de l'aplicació mèdica desitjada. Al nostre grup de recerca, tenim una gran experiència en reaccions de substitució electrofílica sobre els àtoms de bor, sobretot per tal d'obtenir derivats B-iodats de l'o-carborà que continguin un elevat nombre d'àtoms de iode per molècula. Aquesta condició els converteix en bons candidats per ser usats com a agents de contrast opacs als raigs X en ciments ossis polimèrics de metilmetacrilat. Els enllaços de bor–iode d'aquests carborans poden ser posteriorment derivatitzats amb diferents grups orgànics funcionals, tot formant nous vèrtex de bor– carboni i obtenint, així, molècules útils com a nuclis d'estructures de tipus dendró. El creixement dendrimèric d'aquests nuclis es du a terme mitjançant reaccions d'acoblament amb altres clústers de carborà funcionalitzats, tot obtenint molècules amb un elevat contingut en àtoms de bor, molt útils com a agents anticancerosos en la tècnica BNCT (Boron Neutron Capture Therapy).The 1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane, o-carborane, is an icosahedral cluster consisting of ten boron-hydrogen vertices and two carbon-hydrogen adjacent vertices. This molecule is chemically versatile, has a differential reactivity depending on the type of vertex, and this enables the functionalization according to the desired medical application. Our research group has extensive experience in electrophilic substitution reactions on the boron atoms, especially to obtain boron-iodinated carborane derivatives, which contain a large number of iodine atoms per molecule. This condition makes them good candidates for use as X-ray contrast agents in methyl methacrylate bone cements. These boron-iodine bonds may be subsequently functionalized with various organic functional groups forming new boron-carbon vertices and producing useful molecules as dendron nuclei. The growth of these dendrimeric cores is carried out by coupling reactions with other functionalized carboranes yielding molecules with high boron content, useful as anticancer agents in BNCT (Boron Neutron Capture Therapy)

Beneficios de la entrevista preoperatoria enfermera

Introducción: el paciente que va ser intervenido quirúrgicamente se enfrenta a una serie de factores ajenos, que puede considerar como una amenaza. Desencadenando respuestas fisiológicas para ayudar a la persona a afrontar este hecho, siendo la ansiedad la más destacable. Esto hace necesario aplicar durante el período preoperatorio la entrevista preoperatoria enfermera para poder proporcionar apoyo emocional y aportar información sobre el proceso quirúrgico para así ayudar al paciente a enfrentar sus miedos, disminuyendo su ansiedad. El objetivo principal del trabajo es determinar los beneficios que se derivan de la entrevista preoperatoria de enfermería. Metodología: este trabajo consistió en la realización de una revisión bibliográfica, para ello varias bases de datos fueron consultadas, entre ellas SciELO, LILACS o Cuiden. Los criterios de inclusión establecidos fueron antigüedad de 5 años, idiomas: inglés, español y portugués además de acceso gratuito. Se seleccionaron un total de 7 artículos. Resultados: existe un consenso de que la aplicación de la visita enfermera en el preoperatorio aporta beneficios al paciente, principalmente en lo referente a la ansiedad preoperatoria y el dolor postoperatorio. También destacó que los pacientes recibían mayor información a lo largo del proceso, con una mejor opinión de los servicios prestados por parte de la enfermería. Discusión: como principal conclusión la entrevista enfermera aporta beneficios al paciente, sobre todo en lo referente a la ansiedad, siendo este tema el más estudiado y desarrollado dentro de los estudios.Introduction: the patient who is going to undergo surgery is faced with a series of other factors, which may be considered a threat. This fact triggers a series of physiological responses to help the person to face this fact, with anxiety being the most remarkable. This makes it necessary to create a series of measures to provide emotional support and a series of concepts of the surgical process to help the patient during the preoperative period, to face their fears and reduce their anxiety. Those measurements would be the preoperative nurse interview. The main objective of the work would be to determine the benefits that derive from the preoperative nursing interview. Methodology: this work consisted of making a narrative bibliographic review, for this several databases were consulted, among them SciELO, LILACS or Cuiden. At the same time, a series of criteria for inclusion, age of 5 years, language: English, Spanish and Portuguese and free access works were established. A total of 7 articles were selected. Results: there is a consensus that the application of the nurse visit in the preoperative period provides benefits to the patient, mainly in relation to preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain. He also stressed that patients received more information throughout the process, with a better opinion of the services provided by nursing. Discussion: as a main conclusion, the nurse interview provides benefits to the patient, especially in relation to anxiety, this being the most studied and developed topic within the studies.Grado en Enfermerí

Enhanced conductivity of sodium versus lithium salts. Sodium metallacarboranes as electrolyte

[EN] The development of new types of ion conducting materials is one of the most important challenges in the field of energy. Lithium salt polymer electrolytes have been the most convenient, and thus the most widely used in the design of the new generation of batteries. However, in this work, we have observed that Na+ ions provide a higher conductivity, or at least a comparable conductivity to that of Li+ ions in the same basic material. This provides an excellent possibility to use Na+ ions in the design of a new generation of batteries, instead of lithium, to enhance conductivity and ensure wide supply. Our results indicate that the dc-conductivity is larger when the anion is [Co(C2B9H11)(2)](-), [COSANE](-), compared to tetraphenylborate, [TPB](-). Our data also prove that the dc-conductivity behavior of Li+ and Na+ salts is opposite with the two anions. At 40 C-omicron, the conductivity values change from 1.05 x 10(-2) S cm(-1) (Li[COSANE]) and 1.75 x 10(-2) S cm(-1) (Na[COSANE]) to 2.8 x 10(-3) S cm(-1) (Li[TPB]) and 1.5 x 10(-3) S cm(-1) (Na[TPB]). These findings indicate that metallacarboranes can be useful components of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs), providing excellent conductivity when the medium contains sufficient amounts of ionic components and a certain degree of humidity.This research has been supported by the ENE/2015-69203-R and CTQ2013-44670-R projects, granted by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO), Spain; the Generalitat de Catalunya (2014/SGR/149) and FP7-OCEAN-2013: Proposal number: 614168. C. V. thanks COST CM1302 project. I. F. is enrolled in the PhD program of the UAB.Fuentes, I.; Andrio, A.; Teixidor, F.; Viñas, C.; Compañ Moreno, V. (2017). Enhanced conductivity of sodium versus lithium salts. Sodium metallacarboranes as electrolyte. 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Negatively charged metallacarborane redox couples with both members stable to air

It was possible to synthesize and isolate redox couples in which both partners are negatively charged. The handy framework is [3,3'-Co(1,2-closo-C2B9H11)2]-. The E½ potential can be tuned by adjusting the nature and number of substituents on B and C. The octaiodinated species [3,3'-Co(1,2-closo-C2B9H7I4)2]- is the most favorable as it is isolatable and stable in air

Metal·locarborans i biologia molecular: la sorprenent interacció de dos mons aparentment independents

La capacitat d'autoassemblatge dels metal·locarborans ha estat molt investigada recentment. La seva habilitat per formar membranes monocapa ens induí a l'estudi de la interacció d'aquestes membranes sintètiques amb membranes biològiques. Aquest treball evidencia que l'anió cobaltabisdicarballur, [3,3'-Co(C2B9H11)2]− (COSAN), i el seu derivat diiodat, [3,3'-Co(8-I-C2B9H10)2]− (I2-COSAN), poden interaccionar amb membranes biològiques i creuar-les, de manera que s'acumulen a l'interior de cèl·lules vives. En aplicar aquests compostos a diferents tipus de cèl·lules en cultiu, s'indueix una inhibició completa, però alhora reversible, de la proliferació cel·lular, amb una recuperació total de l'activitat de divisió cel·lular un cop extret el metal·locarborà del medi.Metallacarborane’s self-assembly has been recently widely investigated. Its ability to form monolayer membranes led us to study the interaction of these synthetic membranes with biological membranes. This work evidences that the cobaltibisdicarbollide anion, [3,3’-Co(C2B9H11)2]− (COSAN), and its di-iodinated derivative, [3,3’-Co(8-I-C2B9H10)2]− (I2-COSAN), can interact with biological membranes and cross them, accumulating inside living cells. When applying these compounds to different cells in culture, complete but reversible cell proliferation suppression is induced, with a total recovery of the cell division activity after removal of the metallacarborane from the media

Redox-Active Metallacarborane-Decorated Octasilsesquioxanes. Electrochemical and Thermal Properties

Polyanionic and electroactive hybrids based on octasilsesquioxanes bearing metallacarborane units are developed. They show remarkable solubility in organic solvents and outstanding thermal stability. The metallacarboranes act as independent units simultaneously undergoing the reversible redox process.We acknowledge support by MINECO [Grants CTQ2013- 44670-R, CTQ2012-32436, and CTQ2015-64436-P and the “Severo Ochoa” Program for Centers of Excellence in R&D (SEV-2015-0496)] and Generalitat de Catalunya (Grant 2014/ SGR/149). J.C.-G. thanks to the CSIC for an intramural grant. V.S.-A. thanks MICINN (Grant CTQ2010-16237) for the FPI grant.Peer reviewe

Synthesis, structural, spectroscopic and electrochemical studies of carborane substituted naphthyl selenides

[EN] New unsymmetrical selenides bearing an o-carborane and a naphthalene ring as the substituents were prepared by the cleavage of the corresponding diselenides. The compounds were characterized by means of spectroscopic and analytical methods. Se-77 NMR signals of the selenium atoms attached to the carbon atoms of the carborane cages are shifted downfield in comparison to those bonded only to the aromatic rings, indicating an electron withdrawing effect of the o-carboranyl substituent. Compounds 1-(2-R-1,2-dicarba-closo-carboranyl)naphthyl selenides (R = Me, 1; Ph, 2) were characterized by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction. The influence of the electronic nature of the substituents attached to the selenium atoms on the structural parameters and packing properties of naphthyl selenides are discussed. Theoretical calculations and cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies were carried out to compare the bonding nature of carboranyl and analogous aryl selenium compounds. Cyclic voltammetry studies of naphthyl carboranyl mono and diselenides have shown that the carboranyl fragment polarizes the Se lone pair making it less prone to generate a Se-Se bond.This work was supported by the Japan-Spain Research Cooperative Program, Joint Project, 2004JP0102 from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) and CSIC, CICYT (CTQ2010-16237) and the Generalitat de Catalunya, 2009/SGR/00279. Dr O. Guzyr is grateful to Ministerio Education, Cultura y Deporte for grant SAB2003-0122.Guzyr, O.; Viñas, C.; Wada, H.; Hayashi, S.; Nakanishi, W.; Teixidor, F.; Vaca Puga, A.... (2011). Synthesis, structural, spectroscopic and electrochemical studies of carborane substituted naphthyl selenides. Dalton Transactions. 40(13):3402-3411. https://doi.org/10.1039/c0dt01658fS34023411401

Amphiphilic COSAN and I2-COSAN crossing synthetic lipid membranes: planar bilayers and liposomes

The boron-rich cobaltabisdicarbollide (COSAN) and its 8,80-I2 derivative (I2-COSAN), both of purely inorganic nature, are shown to cross through synthetic lipid membranes. These results reveal unexpected properties at the interface of biological and synthetic membranes