Dinámica laboral y las condiciones socioeconómicas en el Ecuador período 2003-2006

En esta Tesis realizamos un estudio descriptivo de los factores que determinaron los niveles, cambios y estructuras del desempleo en el Mercado Laboral Ecuatoriano durante el período Febrero 2.003 – Febrero 2.006 cuyo principal objetivo fue no sólo estimar su movilidad e impacto sobre la estructura de la población en edad de trabajar (Personas con edades comprendidas entre 10 y 65 años), sino que nuestro análisis se basó en describir la estructura del nivel educativo de la población y de cómo ésta afecta al empleo y desempleo. Aunque debemos añadir que, la perspectiva del desempleo analizada en esta Tesis, se sujeta a la variante del Desempleo Involuntario y el Desempleo Voluntario, así como de la Población Ocupada. Dado que experimentar una situación de Desempleo Voluntario puede ser tan común entre Población con Educación Media y Superior (búsqueda de nuevos trabajos y selectividad a la hora de aceptar un empleo), así como los Desempleados Involuntarios (despidos, cambios tecnológicos) en el Mercado Laboral Ecuatoriano, dadas las evidencias estadísticas con las que contamos, y más aún si tomamos en consideración la variable Nivel de Escolaridad (Primario, Secundario y Superior) para explicar dichas variaciones. Para ello, utilizamos las encuestas realizadas por el Banco Central del Ecuador, “Indicadores de Coyuntura del Mercado Laboral Ecuatoriano”, que nos permitieron construir los estados utilizados dentro de nuestra matriz, así como la elaboración de paneles explicativos del nivel de escolaridad y cómo éstos afectan al desempleo. Para el análisis empleamos la Cadena de Markov, que nos permite describir cómo está conformado dicho Mercado Laboral y estudiar sus dinámicas; y además, estimamos mediante Máxima Verosimilitud que nuestro modelo aplicado consta de aceptación dentro del análisis demostrando que la variable Nivel de Escolaridad explica el desempleo y sus variantes aquí mencionadas

RELATION OF THE STRUCTURE AND DIVERSITY OF VEGETATION WITH LANDSCAPE METRIC IN THE VANGUARDIA FOREST RESERVE, VILLAVICENCIO, COLOMBIA

Some human activities have caused a decrease in coverage in the Vanguardia Reserve and changes in the diversity and structure of the vegetation. The objective of the study was to compare the diversity and structure of vegetation, relating habitat variables with landscape metrics. Vegetation was sampled in five sectors; in each sector 3 plots of 50 x 2 m were established, except in Ocarros where 4 plots were evaluated. In each plot, all trees and shrubs with diameter at breast high DBH ≥ 1.0 cm were censored. An ANOVA was performed to compare the structure and diversity between plots. A floristic similarity dendrogram was developed using the Bray-Curtis index. Pearson correlations were calculated between habitat variables and landscape metrics using PAST. No significant differences in diversity and abundance were found between the compared plots. DBH averages and coverage showed statistical differences between some plots. The richness of trees, shrubs and total abundance was positively correlated with the distance to the roadways. The diversity was negatively correlated with the distance to the mature forest fragment. The differences in coverage and DAP suggest that the reserve is facing different degrees of disturbance, causing variation in ecological attributes. The positive correlations between some vegetation variables and landscape metrics indicate that the roads influence the structure and diversity of the vegetatio

The importance of mediation in the development of entrepreneurial minds

The current unemployment of young adults in developing countries such as Ecuador is partially due to the collapse of the social security system, the increase in time of workers’ contributions to the retirement system, and the economic crisis. Assisting youth in creating their own labor market opportunities through developing entrepreneurial competencies is a possible partial remedy to the unemployement situation in the country. However, the main problem in establishing these competencies in business classes, where there is a gap between the theory of entrepreneurship and the simulation, and between the simulation and the entrepreneurial reality. To fill this gap, we are proposing a pedagogical model that merges students’ entrepreneurial traits and curiosities with guidance and experience from teachers and entrepreneurs to develop business projects, taking advantage of business opportunities to facilitate employability in the local area. This model draws upon Vygotsky’s (1978) concepts of Zone of Proximal Development and Mediation, Lantolf and Poehner´s (2011) concept of Dynamic Assessment, and Béchard and Toulouse´s (1991) Pedagogical Model in Entrepreneurship. &nbsp

Comercio electrónico como modelo de crecimiento financiero en las empresas durante la pandemia, estudio del caso

Esta investigación observa e identifica los beneficios y consecuencias del rápido crecimiento del comercio electrónico en Colombia. El COVID 19 llevaron a las compañías a innovar sus estrategias de comercialización de productos. Ante la crisis mundial y las dificultades de los consumidores para satisfacer sus necesidades se recurre al uso de medios tecnológicos como alternativa accesible. El comercio electrónico se ha convertido en una herramienta fundamental, ya que permite realizar transacciones e intercambios de bienes y servicios son la necesidad de la presencialidad del cliente, sin embargo, muchos emprendedores carecían de conocimientos en esta área, lo que generó dificultades para adaptarse a esta nueva tendencia. Esta investigación analizaremos con profundidad los diferentes indicadores que impactaron esta nueva tendencia comercial electrónica y usar estos datos como herramientas de crecimiento en las demás empresas que no cuentan con esta innovación de mercado mediante un enfoque financiero.Universidad Libre-Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Administrativas y Contables- Especialización en Gerencia Financiera InternacionalThis research observes and identifies the benefits and consequences of the rapid growth of ecommerce in Colombia. The COVID 19 led companies to innovate their product marketing strategies. In the face of the global crisis and the difficulties of consumers to satisfy their needs, the use of technological means is resorted to as an accessible alternative. E-commerce has become a fundamental tool, since it allows transactions and exchanges of goods and services without the need for the customer to be in person, however, many entrepreneurs lacked knowledge in this area, which generated difficulties in adapting to this new trend. This research will analyze in depth the different indicators that impacted this new electronic commercial trend and use these data as tools for growth in other companies that do not have this market innovation through a financial approach

La Imagen y la Narrativa como Herramientas para el Abordaje Psicosocial en Escenarios de Violencia. Departamentos de Antioquia y Chocó

Colombia ha experimentado un prolongado conflicto armado que ha dejado profundas huellas en la población, especialmente en las zonas rurales. El desplazamiento forzado ha llevado a que numerosas personas enfrenten condiciones precarias y una constante incertidumbre, impactando negativamente su calidad de vida y salud mental. En respuesta a esta realidad, es esencial explorar enfoques conceptuales, metodológicos y disciplinarios que permitan abordar el sufrimiento derivado de la violencia, fortalecer los recursos de afrontamiento a nivel individual y colectivo, y construir redes de apoyo para superar las condiciones de victimización. En este contexto, la intervención psicosocial emerge como una estrategia clave para atender las necesidades de las comunidades afectadas por el conflicto armado, impulsando procesos de transformación comunitaria cruciales para la reconstrucción del tejido social. Se destaca la importancia de incorporar la técnica de foto voz. La implementación de enfoques participativos como este se presenta como una opción innovadora para asegurar la participación activa y efectiva de las comunidades en su propio proceso de transformación y reparación. En este contexto, se aborda específicamente el caso de "El Salado", una comunidad rural en el departamento de Bolívar, Colombia. A través del enfoque narrativo, se visibilizan las problemáticas vinculadas al conflicto armado, así como las estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas por los sobrevivientes de la masacre. Este proceso de transformación busca gestionar el bienestar de la población, considerando tanto las necesidades actuales como las futuras generacionesColombia has undergone a prolonged armed conflict that has left profound marks on the population, especially in rural areas. Forced displacement has led numerous individuals to face precarious conditions and constant uncertainty, negatively impacting their quality of life and mental health. In response to this reality, it is essential to explore conceptual, methodological, and disciplinary approaches that address the suffering derived from violence, strengthen coping resources at both individual and collective levels, and build support networks to overcome victimization conditions. In this context, psychosocial intervention emerges as a key strategy to address the needs of communities affected by the armed conflict, fostering crucial processes of community transformation vital for the reconstruction of social fabric. The importance of incorporating the photovoice technique is highlighted. The implementation of participatory approaches, such as this, emerges as an innovative option to ensure the active and effective participation of communities in their own process of transformation and repair. Specifically, the case of "El Salado," a rural community in the department of Bolívar, Colombia, is addressed. Through the narrative approach, the issues linked to the armed conflict are made visible, as well as the coping strategies used by the survivors of the massacre. This transformation process seeks to manage the well-being of the population, considering both current needs and future generation

Human papilloma virus types prevalence in men who have sex with men, in Chihuahua, Mexico

El objetivo fue determinar la prevalencia de genotipos de alto y bajo riesgo (AR y BR) del virus de papiloma humano (VPH) y otros factores asociados con la infección en hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH). Se realizó un estudio transversal. Para ello, 104 individuos respondieron un cuestionario sociodemográfico y de comportamiento sexual, consintiendo una toma de muestra de epitelio anal para análisis molecular por reacción en cadena de polimerasa (PCR), utilizando oligonucleótidos para β-globina (control interno) y región L1 del VPH. Tipificación mediante secuenciación. La prevalencia de VPH encontrada fue del 34%: 10% AR y 24% BR. Los genotipos oncogénicos más frecuentes fueron VPH 16 (20%), 73 (20%) y 45 (20%), los no oncogénicos fueron el 11 (36%), 62 (28%) y 6 (12%). Se concluye que los HSH menores de 30 años presentaron una mayor prevalencia de VPH. Ser positivo para el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) no mostró asociación con VPH en la población estudiadaThe aim of this work was to determine human papilloma virus (HPV) high and low risk (HR and LR) genotypes prevalence, and other HPV infection associated risk factors, in men who have sex with men (MSM). A cross-sectional study was conducted, to this end, 104 MSM responded a social demographic and sexual behavior questionnaire and consented sampling of anal epithelium for molecular analysis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), with β-globin primers as internal control, and HPV L1 region primers. Subsequently, typing was performed by sequencing. Prevalence of HPV in MSM was 34%: 10% HR and 24% LR. The most fre-quent oncogenic HPV types were 16 (20%), 73 (20%) and 45 (20%), and non-oncogenic VPH 11 (36%), 62 (28%) and 6 (12%). MSM less than 30 years old had greater HPV prevalence. Presence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was not significantly associated to HPV infection in the studied population

The impact of the metabotropic glutamate receptor and other gene family interaction networks on autism.

International audienceAlthough multiple reports show that defective genetic networks underlie the aetiology of autism, few have translated into pharmacotherapeutic opportunities. Since drugs compete with endogenous small molecules for protein binding, many successful drugs target large gene families with multiple drug binding sites. Here we search for defective gene family interaction networks (GFINs) in 6,742 patients with the ASDs relative to 12,544 neurologically normal controls, to find potentially druggable genetic targets. We find significant enrichment of structural defects (P≤2.40E-09, 1.8-fold enrichment) in the metabotropic glutamate receptor (GRM) GFIN, previously observed to impact attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and schizophrenia. Also, the MXD-MYC-MAX network of genes, previously implicated in cancer, is significantly enriched (P≤3.83E-23, 2.5-fold enrichment), as is the calmodulin 1 (CALM1) gene interaction network (P≤4.16E-04, 14.4-fold enrichment), which regulates voltage-independent calcium-activated action potentials at the neuronal synapse. We find that multiple defective gene family interactions underlie autism, presenting new translational opportunities to explore for therapeutic interventions

Complications and treatment of dens in dente: case report

Dens in dente is an anomaly of dental development characterized by focal or multifocal invaginations of the enamel in the dental papilla before its mineralization, it can result in additional layers of enamel, cementum, dentin or pulp tissue, it is also known as invaginated tooth or invaginated odontoma. The clinical case of an 18-year-old female patient is presented, she comes to the clinic for referring halitosis and purulent exudate for 1 month, a clinical and radiographic examination of tooth 22 was performed, a radiopaque invagination line was observed that penetrates the portion radicular in the cervical third, wide radiolucent area in the apical third, sinuous course and purulent exudate. Root canal treatment was performed with a flexible rotary system and canal obturation with a lateral technique and vertical compaction, restored with resin

A Coleção Paleontológica do Museu de Ciências Naturais e de História Barra do Jardim da Fundação Francisco de Lima Botelho, Jardim, Ceará, Brasil

O Museu de Ciências Naturais e de História Barra do Jardim foi criado em 27 de outubro de 2001, tem como missão resgatar, preservar e promover a cultura do município de Barra do Jardim. Está localizado na área urbana e histórica da cidade e pertence à Fundação Francisco de Lima Botelho. A importância geológica do município é amplamente conhecida no contexto da Bacia do Araripe pelos afloramentos clássicos da Formação Romualdo, a exemplo do Sítio Sobradinho, e pela presença incontestável de fósseis. Apesar disto, o município não está inserido na área vizinha que circunscreve o Geoparque Araripe, porém conta com apoio de vários segmentos da sociedade para preservar e divulgar seu patrimônio histórico e natural, os fósseis da Bacia do Araripe. O objetivo do trabalho é apresentar na íntegra, pela primeira vez, o acervo da coleção paleontológica do museu, sua importância para a comunidade científica e como exemplo de cidadania para a região. O museu passou recentemente por informatização, e conta com 375 espécimes tombados com dados sobre procedência geológica e geográfica, identificação taxonômica, coletor e data de coleta. A coleção é constituída na maior parte por peixes (58%), seguido de artrópodes (15%), plantas (9%), répteis (6%), icnofósseis (6%), moluscos (3%) e outros (3%), incluindo o holótipo do crustáceo decápode Aripenaeus timidus. O acervo do museu reflete a diversidade fossilífera da conhecida Formação Romualdo, proveniente de 11 localidades (sítios) do município de Jardim, incluindo inclusive, coletas realizadas em plena Avenida Wilson Roriz, no centro da cidade. A criação do acervo teve início a partir do reconhecimento pela população da importância e o valor científico e cultural do seu patrimônio natural, e se constitui num exemplo de cidadania consciente, e mais, que valoriza a natureza, além de enxergar o fortalecimento da relação das pessoas com suas heranças culturais. O Museu de Jardim abriga não somente exemplares fósseis para pesquisas relevantes para o conhecimento da paleontologia da Bacia do Araripe, como também se constitui um local de visitação pública regional de efeito educativo, cultural e turístico