Hospitalizations for Anorexia Nervosa during the COVID-19 Pandemic in France: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a detrimental impact on mental health, including on food-related behaviors. However, little is known about the effect of the pandemic on anorexia nervosa (AN). We sought to assess an association between the COVID-19 pandemic and a potential increase in hospitalizations for AN in France. We compared the number of hospitalizations with a diagnosis of AN during the 21-month period following the onset of the pandemic with the 21-month period before the pandemic using Poisson regression models. We identified a significant increase in hospitalizations for girls aged 10 to 19 years (+45.9%, RR = 1.46[1.43–1.49]; p < 0.0001), and for young women aged 20 to 29 (+7.0%; RR = 1.07[1.04–1.11]; p < 0.0001). Regarding markers of severity, there was an increase in hospitalizations for AN associated with a self-harm diagnosis between the two periods. Multivariate analysis revealed that the risk of being admitted for self-harm with AN increased significantly during the pandemic period among patients aged 20–29 years (aOR = 1.39[1.06–1.81]; p < 0.05 vs. aOR = 1.15[0.87–1.53]; NS), whereas it remained high in patients aged 10 to 19 years (aOR = 2.40[1.89–3.05]; p < 0.0001 vs. aOR = 3.12[2.48–3.98]; p < 0.0001). Furthermore, our results suggest that the pandemic may have had a particular effect on the mental health of young women with AN, with both a sharp increase in hospitalizations and a high risk of self-harming behaviors

A 36 ka environmental record in the southern tropics : Lake Tritrivakely (Madgascar) (Un enregistrement de l'environnement depuis 36 ka en zone tropicale sud : le lac Tritrivakely (Madagascar)).

The upper 13 m of a 40 m-long sedimentary profile core taken in a crater lake on the Malagasy Plateau reveals 36,000 yrs of hydroclimatic evolution. A shallow lake occupies the core site from ≃35 to ≃19 ka BP under climatic conditions cooler than today. The water table is very low and biological productivity extremely reduced during the Last Glacial Maximum. A large warming was initiated at ≃14.5 ka BP. The modern bog establishes about 4 ka ag

Personal model-assisted identification of NAD(+) and glutathione metabolism as intervention target in NAFLD

To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), we recruited 86 subjects with varying degrees of hepatic steatosis (HS). We obtained experimental data on lipoprotein fluxes and used these individual measurements as personalized constraints of a hepatocyte genome-scale metabolic model to investigate metabolic differences in liver, taking into account its interactions with other tissues. Our systems level analysis predicted an altered demand for NAD(+) and glutathione (GSH) in subjects with high HS. Our analysis and metabolomic measurements showed that plasma levels of glycine, serine, and associated metabolites are negatively correlated with HS, suggesting that these GSH metabolism precursors might be limiting. Quantification of the hepatic expression levels of the associated enzymes further pointed to altered de novo GSH synthesis. To assess the effect of GSH and NAD(+) repletion on the development of NAFLD, we added precursors for GSH and NAD(+) biosynthesis to the Western diet and demonstrated that supplementation prevents HS in mice. In a proof-of-concept human study, we found improved liver function and decreased HS after supplementation with serine (a precursor to glycine) and hereby propose a strategy for NAFLD treatment.Peer reviewe

Avant-propos: Hormones et diabète

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La réduction de l’hyperglycémie entraîne-t-elle un bénéfice cardiovasculaire ?

IF 0.908 (2017)International audienceWe have a large body of evidence showing that hyperglycemia is a cardiovascular risk factor and that its reduction decreases the risk for cardiovascular events. Indeed, epidemiological studies have clearly shown that hyperglycemia is a strong and independent factor for cardiovascular disease. In addition, we have many pathophysiological studies demonstrating the direct role of hyperglycemia in the development of atherosclerosis. Hyperglycemia, by stimulating protein kinase C, increases the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, of adhesion molecules and of endothelin-1 and, by stimulating the polyol pathway, promotes the oxidative stress. Furthermore, chronic hyperglycemia leads to the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products that modify the structure of the arterial wall and, as a consequence, will increase the risk for the development of atherosclerosis. Moreover, prolonged intervention studies have shown that reduction of hyperglycemia is associated with a significant decrease in the risk for major cardiovascular events. Thus, hyperglycemia is a cardiovascular risk factor which is characterized by the fact that it induces profound modifications of the arterial wall and that it is necessary to correct hyperglycemia during enough time to obtain a cardiovascular benefit.Nous avons actuellement la preuve que l’hyperglycémie est un véritable risque cardiovasculaire et que sa réduction diminue la survenue des accidents athéromateux. En effet, toutes les études épidémiologiques ont mis en évidence une association forte et indépendante entre l’hyperglycémie et le risque de survenue d’accidents cardiovasculaires. Par ailleurs, nous disposons de données physiopathologiques solides confortant le rôle de l’hyperglycémie dans le développement de l’athérome. L’hyperglycémie en stimulant la protéine kinase favorise la production de cytokines pro-inflammatoires, de molécules d’adhésion et d’Endothéline-1 et, en stimulant la voie des polyols, augmente le stress oxydant. Par ailleurs, l’hyperglycémie chronique favorise la formation de produit de fin de glycation qui vont modifier en profondeur la structure de la paroi artérielle la rendant plus susceptible à développer des lésions athéromateuses. Enfin, toutes les études d’intervention de durée prolongée ont permis de montrer que la réduction de l’hyperglycémie s’accompagne d’une diminution significative du risque d’événements cardiovasculaires majeurs. L’hyperglycémie est donc bien un facteur de risque cardiovasculaire dont la particularité est liée au fait qu’elle entraîne des modifications profondes de la paroi artérielle et qu’il sera ainsi nécessaire de corriger suffisamment longtemps celle-ci pour obtenir un bénéfice cardiovasculaire

Thérapies ciblées et diabète

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