Horizon scanning in Brazil: outputs and repercussions

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Descrever os quatro tipos de produtos de monitoramento do horizonte tecnológico (MHT) elaborados no âmbito da Comissão Nacional de Incorporação de Tecnologias no Sistema Único de Saúde (Conitec) e apresentar suas principais repercussões nos processos de tomada de decisão do Ministério da Saúde brasileiro (MS). MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo baseado em observação participante e análise documental dos produtos de MHT (relatórios internos, alertas, informes e seções para os relatórios de recomendação da Conitec) elaborados entre janeiro de 2014 e julho de 2018. RESULTADOS: Foram produzidos 15 relatórios internos, seis alertas, dois informes e 57 seções de MHT. Os produtos têm formatos diferentes, em especial conforme a finalidade. A abordagem metodológica adotada para o desenvolvimento dos produtos de MHT no Brasil está de acordo com o descrito pela EuroScan International Network. Observaram-se repercussões institucionais e internacional dos produtos. As atividades de MHT resultaram na inclusão do monitoramento de tecnologias novas e emergentes como ferramenta para a redução das ações judiciais em saúde no arcabouço legal do MS. Um dos relatórios internos sobre um medicamento de alto custo sem registro no Brasil para doença rara foi requerido pela Rede de Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde das Américas, demonstrando a relevância internacional dos produtos. As seções de MHT nos relatórios de recomendação influenciaram as discussões sobre a incorporação de tecnologias no Sistema Único de Saúde. CONCLUSÕES: Os produtos desenvolvidos apresentam finalidades que vão desde auxiliar na construção de argumentos para defesa do MS em casos de judicialização da saúde até informar processos para a tomada de decisão. Além disso, nos últimos anos as seções de MHT nos relatórios de recomendação têm apresentado crescente importância. O sistema de MHT vinculado à Conitec tem se estruturado, e seu papel como instrumento para informar gestores de saúde tem sido relevante.ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To describe the four types of horizon scanning (HS) outputs developed by the National Committee for Health Technology Incorporation (CONITEC) and show their main repercussions on the decision-making processes of the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MH). METHODS: Descriptive study based on participant observation and document analysis of HS outputs (internal reports, alert reports, briefs and sections for CONITEC recommendation reports) developed between January 2014 and July 2018. RESULTS: Fifteen internal reports, six alert reports, two briefs and 57 HS sections were produced. Each output has a specific structure according to its purpose. The methodological approach adopted for developing HS outputs in Brazil is described by EuroScan International Network. The outputs had institutional and international repercussions. The activities resulted in the inclusion of HS as a tool for reducing health lawsuits in the legal framework of the MH. One of the internal reports on a high-cost drug not approved in Brazil for a rare disease was requested by the Health Technology Assessments Network for the Americas (RedETSA), showing the international relevance of the outputs. The HS sections in recommendation reports influenced discussions about incorporating technologies into the Unified Health System. CONCLUSIONS: The developed outputs have purposes ranging from helping build arguments for defense of the MH in cases of health judicialization to inform decision-making processes. In addition, HS sections in recommendation reports have grown in importance recently. CONITEC’s HS system has been structured, and its role as a tool to inform health managers has shown to be been relevant

Implementación de una solución Sd-Wan para el uso eficiente de los recursos de red en su aplicación en la Empresa Asertia en el año 2021

The implementation of an SD-WAN solution for the efficient use of network resources and access control to corporate applications and the Internet. First, an analysis of the MPLS network and its computer risks was carried out, which showed that access to the corporate services that Asertia has locally in its Headquarters office and in the cloud through the Internet are affected by the lack of control, this leads to latency with very high times and a large amount of packet loss in communication from the branches to the Headquarters and the Internet, which economically affects the company. With the implementation of SD-WAN, the same tests were run to obtain the latency and number of lost packets and the information analysis was carried out using the Mann-Whitney U test to statistically verify that there is a significant difference in the scenarios. Of MPLS and SD-WAN. The results obtained demonstrate that the SD-WAN solution presents a considerable improvement in latency values and number of lost packets and the computer risks were mitigated through access control to local and cloud services by applying an encrypted connection through VPN IPSec and perimeter security profiles such as IPS, Antivirus, Sandboxing, Web Filtering and Application Control.Resumen La implementación de una solución SD-WAN para el uso eficiente de los recursos de red y control de accesos hacia las aplicaciones corporativas e internet. Primero, se realizó un análisis de la red MPLS y sus riesgos informáticos, donde se evidenció que el acceso hacia los servicios corporativos que tiene Asertia de forma local en su oficina Matriz y en la nube a través de internet se ven afectados por la falta de control, esto conlleva a tener latencia con tiempos muy altos y gran cantidad de pérdida de paquetes en la comunicación desde las sucursales a la Matriz e Internet que afecta económicamente a la empresa. Con la implementación de SD-WAN, se ejecutó las mismas pruebas para obtener la latencia y cantidad de paquetes perdidos y se realizó el análisis de la información utilizando la prueba de U de Mann-Whitney para comprobar estadísticamente que existe una diferencia significativa en los escenarios de MPLS y SD-WAN. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la solución SD-WAN presenta una mejora considerable en valores de latencia y cantidad de paquetes perdidos y los riesgos informáticos se mitigaron a través del control de accesos hacia los servicios locales y en nube aplicando una conexión cifrada a través de VPN IPSec y perfiles de seguridad perimetral como IPS, Antivirus, Sandboxing, Web Filtering y Application Control

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Difficulties and chances for nursing: a narrative review about the economic evaluation in health

Revisión narrativa sobre evaluación económica en salud que tuvo como objetivo identificar los estudios desarrollados sobre el tema en los últimos diez años. Fue utilizado el descriptor costo y análisis de costos en las bases de datos: LILACS, MEDLINE, IBECS y CAPES. Fueron encontradas 88 publicaciones y seleccionadas 65, de las cuales 44,62% pertenecían a la base LILACS, 44,62% a MEDLINE, 4,60% a IBECS y 6,16% a CAPES. 75,38% eran sobre evaluación parcial de costos y 24,62% sobre evaluación económica. La medicina fue la sub-área que más publicó (41,54%), considerando los dos tipos de metodologías; seguida por la enfermería, que solo publicó sobre evaluación parcial de costos (15,38%). El enfermero como herramienta administrativa dentro de la Institución de Salud, necesita buscar conocimientos sobre este segmento de la economía, reconociendo su papel como agente transformador y buscar el equilibrio entre calidad, cantidad y costos en el momento de decidir cómo distribuir los recursos financieros disponibles.Revisão narrativa sobre avaliação econômica em saúde que teve como objetivo identificar as pesquisas desenvolvidas sobre o tema nos últimos dez anos. Utilizou-se o descritor custo e análise de custos nas bases de dados: LILACS, MEDLINE, IBECS e CAPES. Foram encontradas 88 publicações e selecionadas 65, das quais 44,62% pertenciam à base LILACS, 44,62% à MEDLINE, 4,60% à IBECS e 6,16% à CAPES. 75,38% eram sobre análise parcial de custos e 24,62% sobre avaliação econômica. A medicina foi a subárea que mais publicou (41,54%), considerando os dois tipos de metodologias; seguida pela enfermagem, sendo que esta só publicou sobre análise parcial de custos (15,38%). O enfermeiro como ferramenta gerencial dentro da Instituição de Saúde, necessita buscar conhecimentos sobre este segmento da economia, reconhecendo seu papel como agente de mudanças e buscar o equilíbrio entre qualidade, quantidade e custos na hora de escolher como distribuir os recursos financeiros disponíveis.It is a narrativre review about the economic evaluation in health which had as an objective to identify the developed studies about the topic in the last ten years. The expenses and cost analysis descriptors were used at the data bases: LILACS, MEDLINE, IBECS AND CAPES. 88 publications were found and 65 were selected, from which the 44’62% belonged to the database LILACS, the 44’62% to MEDLINE, 4’6% to IBECS and to CAPES. The 75’38% were about the partial assessment of expenses and the 24’62% about the economic assessment. The medicine was the sub-area that published (41’54%), considering the two types of methodologies; followed by the nursing, which only published about partial evaluation of expenses (15’38%). The nurse as an administrative tool in the Health Institution, needs to look for the knowledge about this segment of the economy, recognizying his role as a transformator agent and looking for the balance betewwen quality, quantity and expenses when deciding how to distribute the available financial resources

Monitoramento do horizonte tecnológico no Brasil : produtos e repercussões

OBJETIVO: Descrever os quatro tipos de produtos de monitoramento do horizonte tecnológico (MHT) elaborados no âmbito da Comissão Nacional de Incorporação de Tecnologias no Sistema Único de Saúde (Conitec) e apresentar suas principais repercussões nos processos de tomada de decisão do Ministério da Saúde brasileiro (MS). MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo baseado em observação participante e análise documental dos produtos de MHT (relatórios internos, alertas, informes e seções para os relatórios de recomendação da Conitec) elaborados entre janeiro de 2014 e julho de 2018. RESULTADOS: Foram produzidos 15 relatórios internos, seis alertas, dois informes e 57 seções de MHT. Os produtos têm formatos diferentes, em especial conforme a finalidade. A abordagem metodológica adotada para o desenvolvimento dos produtos de MHT no Brasil está de acordo com o descrito pela EuroScan International Network. Observaram-se repercussões institucionais e internacional dos produtos. As atividades de MHT resultaram na inclusão do monitoramento de tecnologias novas e emergentes como ferramenta para a redução das ações judiciais em saúde no arcabouço legal do MS. Um dos relatórios internos sobre um medicamento de alto custo sem registro no Brasil para doença rara foi requerido pela Rede de Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde das Américas, demonstrando a relevância internacional dos produtos. As seções de MHT nos relatórios de recomendação influenciaram as discussões sobre a incorporação de tecnologias no Sistema Único de Saúde. CONCLUSÕES: Os produtos desenvolvidos apresentam finalidades que vão desde auxiliar na construção de argumentos para defesa do MS em casos de judicialização da saúde até informar processos para a tomada de decisão. Além disso, nos últimos anos as seções de MHT nos relatórios de recomendação têm apresentado crescente importância. O sistema de MHT vinculado à Conitec tem se estruturado, e seu papel como instrumento para informar gestores de saúde tem sido relevante.OBJECTIVE: To describe the four types of horizon scanning (HS) outputs developed by the National Committee for Health Technology Incorporation (CONITEC) and show their main repercussions on the decision-making processes of the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MH). METHODS: Descriptive study based on participant observation and document analysis of HS outputs (internal reports, alert reports, briefs and sections for CONITEC recommendation reports) developed between January 2014 and July 2018. RESULTS: Fifteen internal reports, six alert reports, two briefs and 57 HS sections were produced. Each output has a specific structure according to its purpose. The methodological approach adopted for developing HS outputs in Brazil is described by EuroScan International Network. The outputs had institutional and international repercussions. The activities resulted in the inclusion of HS as a tool for reducing health lawsuits in the legal framework of the MH. One of the internal reports on a high-cost drug not approved in Brazil for a rare disease was requested by the Health Technology Assessments Network for the Americas (RedETSA), showing the international relevance of the outputs. The HS sections in recommendation reports influenced discussions about incorporating technologies into the Unified Health System. CONCLUSIONS: The developed outputs have purposes ranging from helping build arguments for defense of the MH in cases of health judicialization to inform decision-making processes. In addition, HS sections in recommendation reports have grown in importance recently. CONITEC’s HS system has been structured, and its role as a tool to inform health managers has shown to be been relevant

Precisão e confiabilidade de um teste imuno-cromatográfico rápido NS1 para diagnóstico DENV-1 no ponto de atendimento e no laboratório

Submitted by Fátima Lopes ([email protected]) on 2017-10-17T18:20:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PrecisãoConfiabilidade.pdf: 536187 bytes, checksum: 158c72c6fcda7e358f56efd431f248da (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Fátima Lopes ([email protected]) on 2017-10-18T13:12:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PrecisãoConfiabilidade.pdf: 536187 bytes, checksum: 158c72c6fcda7e358f56efd431f248da (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-18T13:12:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PrecisãoConfiabilidade.pdf: 536187 bytes, checksum: 158c72c6fcda7e358f56efd431f248da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Epidemiologia Clínica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Epidemiologia Clínica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Epidemiologia Clínica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Epidemiologia Clínica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Departamento de Endemias Samuel Pessoa. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Epidemiologia Clínica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Epidemiologia Clínica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Epidemiologia Clínica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Background: Rapid immunochromatographic tests (ICT) for dengue non-structural protein 1 (NS1) have shown good performance for diagnosing acute-phase dengue in serum in laboratory settings, but rarely have been assessed in whole blood and at point of care (POC). This study compare the accuracy and inter- and intra-observer reliability of the NS1 Bioeasy™ ICT in whole blood at POC versus serum in the laboratory, during a DENV-1 epidemic. Methods: Cross-sectional study involving 144 adults spontaneously demanding care in an emergency department within 4 days of onset of acute febrile illness. Accuracy of NS1 Bioeasy™ ICT was compared in whole blood and serum, both at 15 and 30 min, blinded to the reference RT-PCR or NS1 ELISA. Non-dengue patients were also tested for Zika virus with RT-PCR. Reliability of whole blood and serum readings by the same or different observers was measured by simple kappa (95% CI). Results: At 15 min, sensitivity (Sn) of NS1 Bioeasy™ ICT in whole blood/POC was 76.7% (95% CI: 68.0–84.1) and specificity (Sp) was 87.0% (95% CI: 66.4–97.2). Sn in serum/laboratory was 82% (95% CI: 74.1–88.6) and Sp 100% (95% CI: 85.8–100). Positive likelihood ratio was 5.9 (95% CI: 2.0–17.0) for whole blood/POC and 19.8 (95% CI: 2.9–135.1) for serum/laboratory. Reliability of matched readings of whole blood/POC and serum/laboratory by the same observer (k = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.74–0.93) or different observers (k = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.72–0.92) was almost perfect, with higher discordant levels in the absence of dengue. Results did not differ statistically at 5%. Conclusions: NS1 Bioeasy™ ICT in DENV-1 epidemics is a potentially confirmatory test. Invalid results at 15 min should be reread at 30 min. To optimize impact of implementing ICT in the management of false-negatives it should be incorporated into an algorithm according to setting and available specimen

Correction to: Accuracy and reliability of an NS1 rapid immunochromatographic test for DENV-1 diagnosis at point of care and in the laboratory

Abstract An error occurred during the publication of the original article [1]

3er. Coloquio: Fortalecimiento de los Colectivos de Docencia

Las memorias del 3er. Coloquio de Fortalecimiento de Colectivos de Docencia deben ser entendidas como un esfuerzo colectivo de la comunidad de académicos de la División de Ciencias y Artes para el Diseño, en medio de la pandemia COVID-19, con el fin de: • Analizar y proponer acciones concretas que promuevan el mejoramiento de la calidad docente en la División. • Proponer acciones que permitan continuar fortaleciendo los cursos con modalidad a distancia (remotos). • Ante un escenario que probablemente demandará en el mediano plazo, transitar del modelo remoto a un modelo híbrido, proponer acciones a considerar para la transición de los cursos. • Planear y preparar cursos de nivelación de conocimientos, para cuando se transite a la impartición de la docencia de manera mixta o presencial, dirigidos a los alumnos que no hayan tenido oportunidad de desarrollar actividades relevantes para su formación, como prácticas de talleres y laboratorios, visitas, o alguna otra actividad relevante

Epidemiology of surgery associated acute kidney injury (EPIS-AKI): a prospective international observational multi-center clinical study

Purpose: The incidence, patient features, risk factors and outcomes of surgery-associated postoperative acute kidney injury (PO-AKI) across different countries and health care systems is unclear. Methods: We conducted an international prospective, observational, multi-center study in 30 countries in patients undergoing major surgery (> 2-h duration and postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) or high dependency unit admission). The primary endpoint was the occurrence of PO-AKI within 72 h of surgery defined by the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Secondary endpoints included PO-AKI severity and duration, use of renal replacement therapy (RRT), mortality, and ICU and hospital length of stay. Results: We studied 10,568 patients and 1945 (18.4%) developed PO-AKI (1236 (63.5%) KDIGO stage 1500 (25.7%) KDIGO stage 2209 (10.7%) KDIGO stage 3). In 33.8% PO-AKI was persistent, and 170/1945 (8.7%) of patients with PO-AKI received RRT in the ICU. Patients with PO-AKI had greater ICU (6.3% vs. 0.7%) and hospital (8.6% vs. 1.4%) mortality, and longer ICU (median 2 (Q1-Q3, 1-3) days vs. 3 (Q1-Q3, 1-6) days) and hospital length of stay (median 14 (Q1-Q3, 9-24) days vs. 10 (Q1-Q3, 7-17) days). Risk factors for PO-AKI included older age, comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease), type, duration and urgency of surgery as well as intraoperative vasopressors, and aminoglycosides administration. Conclusion: In a comprehensive multinational study, approximately one in five patients develop PO-AKI after major surgery. Increasing severity of PO-AKI is associated with a progressive increase in adverse outcomes. Our findings indicate that PO-AKI represents a significant burden for health care worldwide