La Habana y su región: un proyecto de organización espacial de la plantación esclavista

Between 1790 and 1810, Havanna and its surrounding area witnessed a fast growth of sugar production based on slave-holding plantations. This promoted the idea of planning the system's expansion over a wider area in different dimensions, such as settlement distribution, workforce and energy sources needed, communications and transportation required, the concomitant urban planning, etc., all of which were seen for the first time as parts of a single program, thought out under the reformist spirit of the Enlightenment. The author discusses the initiatives taken, the people involved, and the contributions put into effect. He intends to assess the significance of this moment of intellectual takeoff concerning the urban organization of Havanna and its region.La ciudad y su región experimentaron entre 1790 y 1810 un crecimiento acelerado de la producción azucarera basada en la plantación esclavista. Esto implicaba planear la acción sobre un territorio más amplio, desde diferentes ángulos como el poblamiento, la mano de obra, las fuentes de energía, la comunicación y el transporte, la urbanización y otros aspectos que por vez primera eran tratados bajo la óptica de un programa general, con criterios inspirados en el espíritu reformista de la ilustración. El artículo realiza una síntesis de las iniciativas, de sus protagonistas y aportes con la intención de evaluar la trascendencia de este momento de despegue intelectual en la organización urbana de la ciudad y su región

La Isla sobre el papel

Las empresas cartográficas son productos de grandes y extensos esfuerzos humanos movilizados por iniciativas de hombres e instituciones que suelen pasar al olvido. Propongo redactar un ensayo sobre la realización de dos mapas de Cuba: el mapa de 1831 o de Vives y el de 1875 del agrimensor Esteban Pichardo. En ambos casos los mapas se editan en condiciones sociales significativas de dependencia colonial y representan hitos para el conocimiento y la identidad del país; el tema del ensayo sería el análisis de las motivaciones que encierran estas representaciones en diferentes niveles y del contexto cultural que las hizo posible. Se trata también de recuperar la memoria de estos mapas como hechos históricos, la organización de las tareas, la preparación profesional de los autores, la utilización de las fuentes,  y otras. Los dos mapas se consideran los mejores de Cuba durante el siglo XIX y se acompañaron de planos de ciudades como era habitual.Cartographic work represents the product of large and ample human effort triggered by initiatives of men and institutions which most often become forgotten. In this paper I propose to develop an essay on the elaboration of two maps of Cuba: the 1831 or Vives map, and the 1875 map by the surveyor Esteban Pichardo. Both maps are edited under significant social conditions of colonial dependence, and represent keystones for the country’s knowledge and identity. The essay focuses on the analysis of the motivations involved in these representations at different levels, as well as of the cultural framework that made them possible. It also attempts to bring back to memory these maps as historical facts, representing the organization of tasks, the authors’ professional preparation, the use of sources, and others. The two maps are regarded as the best ones of Cuba during the nineteenth century, and included city maps, as was usual at that time

Constructing correctly in wood: new insights into timber technology approaches through purist and liberalist schools of thought.

Conventionally, technology-based articles focus on methods by which architects and engineers designed and built to present new methods, materials to evidence novelty in technical terms. This paper does not do that. Instead, through a current overview of past and present timber practices, it will present a new cultural perspective by looking at timber technology from purist and liberalist approaches. Indicating a moralistic sensibility of what "constructing correctly" in wood means to them, with these two attitudes implying inherent values, this paper seeks to project a new cultural dimension on technology. More importantly, the approaches convincingly reflects our relationship with digital technology, as timber culture and tradition come to terms with the inevitability of the digital age

Alternative uses for co-products: Harnessing the potential of valuable compounds from meat processing chains

peer-reviewedOpportunities for exploiting the inherent value of protein-rich meat processing co-products, in the context of increased global demand for protein and for sustainable processing systems, are discussed. While direct consumption maybe the most profitable route for some, this approach is influenced greatly by local and cultural traditions. A more profitable and sustainable approach may be found in recognizing this readily available and under-utilised resource can provide high value components, such as proteins, with targeted high value functionality of relevance to a variety of sectors. Applications in food & beverages, petfood biomedical and nutrition arenas are discussed. Utilization of the raw material in its entirety is a necessary underlying principle in this approach to help maintain minimum waste generation. Understanding consumer attitudes to these products, in particular when used in food or beverage systems, is critical in optimizing commercialization strategies.This work forms part of the ReValueProtein Research Project (Grant Award No. 11/F/043) which is supported by the Irish Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (DAFM) and the Food Institutional Research Measure (FIRM) both funded by the Irish Government under the National Development Plan 2007–2013.Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marin

La Habana, Antilles Heritage

La Habana urban path during its long colonial existence offers a wide view for the historical research. This paper synthetizes the most relevant contents of Cuba’ s capital. Among them, the fortifications, the urban evolution of the inhabited of its colonial harbours and the singularity of its architectonic subjects, the most outstanding.La trayectoria urbana de la Habana durante su dilatada Existencia colonial de casi cuatro siglos, ofrece un amplio panorama para la investigación histórica. El presente artículo hace una síntesis de algunos de los contenidos más sobresalientes de la historia de la capital de Cuba. Entre ellos, las fortificaciones de la plaza fuerte más célebre del imperio, la evolución urbana del más poblado de sus puertos coloniales y la singularidad de sus temas arquitectónicos más sobresalientes

Central and south american products

Food habits in Central and South America are a blend of cultural backgrounds, available foods, cooking styles, and the foods of colonial Europeans. Although Spanish and Portuguese influence is largely documented in Latin American countries, eating habits could be divided into two main characteristic groups: the highland foods of the Andes with a maize based diet and the lowland dishes of southern countries that are major beef producers. The cuisine in the mountain areas is unique in South America, preserving many dishes of the Incas. Even though in Central America and the western areas of South America the consumption of meat and animal products (pork, beef, chicken, fish and eggs) is limited due to their high cost, a wide variety of meat and poultry based products are consumed. In this chapter, a contribution on the meat based foods currently prepared and consumed in Latin America as well as their safety status is presented.Fil: Fadda, Silvina G.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; ArgentinaFil: Vignolo, Graciela Margarita. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos; Argentin

Palm oil use in Mortadella

Palm (Elaeis guineensis) oil and its fractions can be combined to obtain designed fats with desired composition and physical properties. Incorporation of this type of ingredient in meat products can influence meat products process and sensory quality. In this study, a mixture of palm refined oil and stearin were employed to replace pork fat in a mortadella type product. A two-component mixture design was employed by the D-optimum design. Moisture, fat, protein, cocking losses and instrumental texture profiles were determined, besides a sensory evaluation. Results indicate that 8.8 % of pork fat can be replaced to obtain a good quality mortadella. Maximum palm fat in formulation was 44% of total fat content