¿Cirugía estética o amputación? Un debate necesario desde el bienestar y la salud animal

Purpose: To present a historical, medical and regulatory approach, within the Colombian context, around the assessment of certain surgical procedures regarded as aesthetic. The aim is to promote reflection on their suitability and applicability from science, considering the most recent events in relation to the prohibition of these practices. Description: A review and reflection analysis was performed on this practice, regarding recent questions about specific aspects of the techniques and cultural environment in which they are used. This environment is in turn influencing regulation from the technical and scientific fields, in which the health and welfare of patients should prevail. Point of view: Within medical science—a field that is in turn an art—, plastic surgery is a specialty branch of surgery and is subdivided into cosmetic and aesthetic surgery. From aesthetics, it is shown and discussed that ear cropping and tail docking do not have a scientific technical justification, unless there is a pathology or condition that requires them. Ear cropping and tail docking may have irreversible consequences on the communication and expression mechanisms of pets. Conclusions: Before performing any cosmetic surgery, animal welfare and the pros and cons of these procedures should be considered.Propósito: presentar una aproximación histórica, médica y normativa, dentro del contexto colombiano, en torno a la valoración de algunos procedi­mientos quirúrgicos calificados como estéticos. El objetivo es promover la reflexión sobre su conveniencia y aplicabilidad desde el ámbito de la ciencia, teniendo en cuenta los más recientes acontecimientos en relación con la prohibición de estas prácticas. Descripción: se realizó un análisis de revisión y reflexión sobre esta práctica, frente a los cuestionamientos recientes, frente a elementos puntuales de las técnicas y elmedio cultural en el cual se aplican. Entorno que a su vez está influyendo en la regulación desde el ámbito técnico y científico, en el cual debe predominar la salud y el bienestar animal de los pacientes. Punto de vista: dentro de la ciencia médica —campo que a su vez es un arte— la cirugía tiene entre sus ramas de especialización a la cirugía plástica, que se subdivide en cirugía cosmética y estética. Se muestra y se discute que el corte de orejas y colas desde la estética no encuentra una justificación técnica científica, a no ser que medie una patología o padecimientoque recomiende su aplicación. Cortar las orejas y las colas puede traer consecuencias irreversibles en los mecanismos de comunicación y expresión de las mascotas. Conclusiones: antes de realizar cualquier tipo de cirugía estética se debe considerar el bienestar animal y los pros o contras de estos procedimientos

Free surface flows emerging from beneath a semi-infinite plate with constant vorticity

The free surface flow past a semi-infinite horizontal plate in a finite-depth fluid is considered. It is assumed that the fluid is incompressible and inviscid and that the flow approaches a uniform shear flow downstream. Exact relations are derived using conservation of mass and momentum for the case where the downstream free surface is flat. The complete nonlinear problem is solved numerically using a boundary integral method and these waveless solutions are shown to exist only when the height of the plate above the bottom is greater than the height of the uniform shear flow. Interesting results are found for various values of the constant vorticity. Solutions with downstream surface waves are also considered, and nonlinear results of this type are compared with linear results found previously. These solutions can be used to model the flow near the stern of a (two-dimensional) ship

Short term effects of exercise training on exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: protocol for a randomised controlled trial

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Advances in the understanding and management of pulmonary arterial hypertension have enabled earlier diagnosis and improved prognosis. However, despite best available therapy, symptoms of exertional dyspnoea and fatigue are commonly reported and result in a reduced capacity to perform daily activities and impaired quality of life. Exercise training has demonstrated efficacy in individuals with other respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Historically, however, exercise training has not been utilised as a form of therapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension due to the perceived risk of sudden cardiac death and the theoretical possibility that exercise would lead to worsening pulmonary vascular haemodynamics and deterioration in right heart function. Now, with the advances in pharmaceutical management, determining the safety and benefits of exercise training in this population has become more relevant. Only three studies of supervised exercise training in pulmonary arterial hypertension have been published. These studies demonstrated improvements in exercise capacity and quality of life, in the absence of adverse events or clinical deterioration. However, these studies have not utilised an outpatient-based, whole body exercise training program, the most common format for exercise programs within Australia. It is uncertain whether this form of training is beneficial and capable of producing sustained benefits in exercise capacity and quality of life in this population.</p> <p>Design/Methods</p> <p>This randomised controlled trial will determine whether a 12 week, outpatient-based, supervised, whole body exercise training program, followed by a home-based exercise program, is safe and improves exercise capacity and quality of life in individuals with pulmonary arterial hypertension. This study aims to recruit 34 subjects who will be randomly allocated to the exercise group (supervised exercise training 3 times a week for 12 weeks, followed by 3 sessions per week of home exercise for 12 weeks) or the control group (usual medical care). Subjects will be assessed at baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>This study will determine whether outpatient-based, whole body exercise training is beneficial and safe in individuals with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Additionally, this study will contribute to clinical practice guidelines for this patient population.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register (ANZCTR): <a href="http://www.anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12609000502235.aspx">ACTRN12609000502235</a></p

New perspectives for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a debilitating disease with a poor prognosis. Therapeutic options remain limited despite the introduction of prostacyclin analogues, endothelin receptor antagonists and phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors within the last 15 years; these interventions address predominantly the endothelial and vascular dysfunctionS associated with the condition, but simply delay progression of the disease rather than offer a cure. In an attempt to improve efficacy, emerging approaches have focused on targeting the pro-proliferative phenotype that underpins the pulmonary vascular remodelling in the lung and contributes to the impaired circulation and right heart failure. Many novel targets have been investigated and validated in animal models of PH, including modulation of guanylate cyclases, phosphodiesterases, tyrosine kinases, Rho kinase, bone morphogenetic proteins signalling, 5-HT, peroxisome proliferator activator receptors and ion channels. In addition, there is hope that combinations of such treatments, harnessing and optimizing vasodilator and anti-proliferative properties, will provide a further, possibly synergistic, increase in efficacy; therapies directed at the right heart may also offer an additional benefit. This overview highlights current therapeutic options, promising new therapies, and provides the rationale for a combination approach to treat the disease

Importance du chemoréflexe et du baroréflexe dans le contrôle du système nerveux autonome: aspects physiologiques et physiopathologiques

Doctorat en Sciences médicalesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

Factors associated with academic performance in medical students

Objetivos: Determinar y evaluar los factores que estuvieran incidiendo en el desempeño académico de nuestros estudiantes de primer semestre de medicina. Metodología: Se caracterizó la población en búsqueda de factores que se analizaron posteriormente para determinar asociación y predicción, a través de un modelo de regresión logística, del rendimiento académico final. Resultados: Se analizaron 80 estudiantes de edades comprendidas entre 17 y 18, la mayoría mujeres, procedentes de Bogotá, de colegios mixtos, privados y monolingües. El grupo fue homogéneo por factores sociodemográficos, culturales, escolaridad y de motivaciones. Se detectaron rasgos de violencia intrafamiliar, de consumo de alcohol y cigarrillo pero no de drogas psicoactivas. Los resultados obtenidos en la prueba de aptitudes diferenciales y generales (BADyGs) del aprendizaje fueron bajos. El análisis mostró que el no leer como pasatiempo, la presencia de violencia intrafamiliar, el haber fumado marihuana, el provenir de un colegio mixto, el no haber realizado estudios profesionales, de quien se depende económicamente, las notas de biología, bioquímica y del promedio trimestral fueron los factores que se asocian con fracaso académico o pérdida de cupo. La variable que predice fracaso académico cuando se controla por los otros factores incluidos en el modelo es el promedio trimestral y la que determina pérdida de cupo es la nota del laboratorio de bioquímica. Conclusiones: Aunque existen factores previos al ingreso que puedan explicar el desempeño académico, es importante evaluar el rendimiento durante el semestre para intervenir rápidamente y evitar el fracaso.Objectives: To determine and evaluate factors that affect academic performance in first semester medicine students. Methodology: The population was characterized in a search for factors that would later be studied in order to determine statistical association and prediction of final academic performance, using a logistic regression model. Results: Eighty students, aged between 17 and 18, were analysed. The majority were women, from Bogotá, from mixed (i.e. not single-sex), private and monolingual schools. The group was homogeneous in terms of demographic, social and cultural factors, and of schooling and motivation. Features of interfamilial violence, alcohol and cigarette consumption (but not psychoactive drug use) were detected. The results obtained in the differential and general learning aptitude tests (BADyGs) were low. Factors associated with poor academic performance were: No interest in reading as a pastime; interfamilial violence; a history of smoking marijuana; mixed educational background; no history of premedical studies; economic dependence on one of the parents. Grades in biology and biochemistry and the quarterly average grades were the best predictors. The best predictor of poor academic performance when controlled by other factors included in the model was the quarterly average, and the best predictor of failing the academic semester was the biochemistry laboratory grade. Conclusions: Although prior factors may explain academic performance before admission to Medical school, it is important to evaluate the performance during the first semester to identify cases in which rapid intervention is required in order to avoid academic failure

Factores que predicen el rendimiento académico en estudiantes de Medicina

Determinar y evaluar los factores que estuvieran incidiendo en el desempeño académico de nuestros estudiantes de primer semestre de medicina. Metodología: Se caracterizó la población en búsqueda de factores que se analizaron posteriormente para determinar asociación y predicción, a través de un modelo de regresión logística, del rendimiento académico final.To determine and evaluate factors that affect academic performance in first semester medicine student

Bedside assay for cardiac Troponin T permits early risk stratification in unstable coronary artery disease

SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe