Redes sociales y participación ciudadana en lo local (el presupuesto participativo de Tlajomulco de Zúñiga 2010-2016)

En el 2010, la administración de Tlajomulco de Zúñiga, Jalisco, lanzó el presupuesto participativo como un mecanismo de participación ciudadana que, por primera vez, le daba al ciudadano común la posibilidad de ser parte de la toma de decisiones de su municipio. En ese momento, la comunicación gubernamental comenzó a jugar un papel importante en la gobernabilidad del municipio; el estallido de las redes sociales manifestaban una nueva era entre la interacción entre el gobierno y la sociedad. El presente trabajo pretende encontrar la conexión entre las redes sociales y la participación ciudadana en el presupuesto participativo de las administraciones públicas de Tlajomulco de Zúñiga. Esta nueva posibilidad de participación dio vida al término gobernanza, el cual llegó acompañado de cambios sustanciales en la organización interna de la burocracia, de nuevas formas de interacción entre gobiernos y gobernados, y de procesos más democráticos en los cuales se incorpora la voz del ciudadano en la agenda pública. A través de la revisión de conceptos como democracia, gobierno, gobernanza, municipio, redes sociales y participación ciudadana, se encuentra un punto de conexión que establece la base teórica de esta investigación. De igual forma, se realizó un estudio de percepción ciudadana a través de una encuesta aplicada en tres puntos estratégicos del municipio, Tlajomulco tradicional, corredor López Mateos y Zona Valle, y se realizaron entrevistas a funcionarios públicos

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

First scientific observations with MEGARA at GTC

On June 25th 2017, the new intermediate-resolution optical IFU and MOS of the 10.4-m GTC had its first light. As part of the tests carried out to verify the performance of the instrument in its two modes (IFU and MOS) and 18 spectral setups (identical number of VPHs with resolutions R=6000-20000 from 0.36 to 1 micron) a number of astronomical objects were observed. These observations show that MEGARA@GTC is called to fill a niche of high-throughput, intermediateresolution IFU and MOS observations of extremely-faint narrow-lined objects. Lyman-α absorbers, star-forming dwarfs or even weak absorptions in stellar spectra in our Galaxy or in the Local Group can now be explored to a new level. Thus, the versatility of MEGARA in terms of observing modes and spectral resolution and coverage will allow GTC to go beyond current observational limits in either depth or precision for all these objects. The results to be presented in this talk clearly demonstrate the potential of MEGARA in this regard

MEGARA, the R=6000-20000 IFU and MOS of GTC

MEGARA is the new generation IFU and MOS optical spectrograph built for the 10.4m Gran Telescopio CANARIAS (GTC). The project was developed by a consortium led by UCM (Spain) that also includes INAOE (Mexico), IAA-CSIC (Spain) and UPM (Spain). The instrument arrived to GTC on March 28th 2017 and was successfully integrated and commissioned at the telescope from May to August 2017. During the on-sky commissioning we demonstrated that MEGARA is a powerful and robust instrument that provides on-sky intermediate-to-high spectral resolutions RFWHM ~ 6,000, 12,000 and 20,000 at an unprecedented efficiency for these resolving powers in both its IFU and MOS modes. The IFU covers 12.5 x 11.3 arcsec 2 while the MOS mode allows observing up to 92 objects in a region of 3.5 x 3.5 arcmin 2 . In this paper we describe the instrument main subsystems, including the Folded-Cassegrain unit, the fiber link, the spectrograph, the cryostat, the detector and the control subsystems, and its performance numbers obtained during commissioning where the fulfillment of the instrument requirements is demonstrated. © 2018 SPIE

Compilación de Proyectos de Investigacion de 1984-2002

Instituto Politecnico Nacional. UPIICS