Neutron area monitor with passive detector

Using Monte Carlo methods the responses of a passive neutron monitor area has been calculated. To detect thermal neutrons the monitor has a gold foil that is located at the center of a polyethylene cylinder. Impinging neutrons are moderated by polyethylene nuclei reaching the gold foil with the energy to induce activation through the reaction 197Au (n,γ) 198Au. The198Au decays emitting 0.411 MeV gamma rays with a half life of 2.7 days. The induced activity is intended to be measured with a gamma-ray spectrometer with a 3”Ø×3” NaI(Tl) scintillator and the saturation activity is correlated to the ambient dose equivalent. The response was calculated for 47 monoenergetic neutron sources ranging from 1×10−9 to 20 MeV. Calculated fluence response was compared with the response of neutron monitor area LB 6411. = Se utilizó el método de Monte Carlo para calcular las respuestas de un monitor de neutrones pasivo. Para detectar los neutrones térmicos el monitor tiene una lámina de oro que se encuentra en el centro de un cilindro de polietileno. Los neutrones que inciden son moderados por los núcleos de polietileno que llega a la lámina de oro con la energía para inducir la activación a través de la 197Au reacción (n,γ)198 Au. El 197Au decae emitiendo rayos gamma de 0.411 MeV con una vida media de 2.7 días. La actividad inducida se destina a medir con un espectrómetro de rayos gamma con un detector de centelleo de 3”Ø×3” NaI (Tl) y la actividad de saturación se correlaciona con la dosis equivalente ambiental. La respuesta se calculó para 47 fuentes de neutrones monoenergéticos desde 1×10−9 a 20 MeV. La respuesta a la fluencia se comparó con la respuesta del monitor de área LB 6411

Passive neutron area monitor with TLD pairs

The response of a passive neutron area monitor with pairs of thermoluminescent dosimeters has been calculated using the Monte Carlo code MCNP5. The response was calculated for one TLD 600 located at the center of a polyethylene moderator. The response was calculated for 47 monoenergetic neutron sources ranging from 1E(-9) to 20 MeV. Response was calculated using two irradiation geometries, one with an upper source and another with a lateral source. For both irradiation schemes the response was calculated with the TLD in two positions, one parallel to the source and another perpendicular to the source. The advantage of this passive neutron monitor area is that can be used in locations with intense, pulsed and mixed radiation fields like those in radiotherapy vault rooms with linear accelerators. La respuesta de un monitor de área pasivo para neutrones con pares de dosímetros termoluminiscentes TLDs ha sido calculada mediante métodos Montecarlo con el código MCNP5. La respuesta fue calculada para un TLD 600 localizado en el centro del moderador cilíndrico de polietileno. La respuesta se calculó para 47 fuentes mono energéticas de neutrones con energías de 1E (-9) a 20 MeV. La respuesta se calculó para dos geometrías de irradiación, una con una fuente superior y la otra con una fuente lateral, para ambas geometrías la respuesta se obtuvo con el TLD en dos posiciones respecto a la fuente, una perpendicular y la otra paralela. La ventaja del monitor pasivo es que puede ser usado en instalaciones con campos de radiación intensos, pulsados y mixtos como los que se producen en los bunkers de radioterapia con aceleradores lineales

DETERMINACIÓN DE LOS VALORES DE REFERENCIA EN EL HEMOGRAMA DE CABALLOS NACIDOS O CRIADOS ENTRE 0 Y 500 M.S.N.M. EN LA REGIÓN LITORAL DEL ECUADOR

El presente trabajo se realizó en la región litoral del Ecuador (provincias de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Manabí, Los Ríos y Esmeraldas), se analizó los hemogramas de 100 caballos criollos clínicamente sanos, mayores a dos años de edad y criados entre los 0 y 500 m.s.n.m los objetivos fueron determinar los valores hematológicos de referencia y comparar los resultados obtenidos con los valores de un estudio previo realizado a más de 3000 m.s.n.m en la sierra centro norte ecuatoriana. Se obtuvieron muestras sanguíneas de animales en reposo, se realizaron análisis de laboratorio con el equipo de auto-hematología Mindray R BC2800Vet, posteriormente se obtuvieron los valores de referencia utilizando el complemento de Microsoft Excel R “Reference Value Advisor” y la “Prueba Z de la normalidad” para la inferencia estadística. Se prefirió tomar la muestra de caballos criollos ecuatorianos para tener una muestra con parámetros sanguíneos homogéneos y una referencia de esta variedad antes solamente estudiada sobre los 3000 m.s.n.m. Se encontraron los siguientes valores; eritrocitos: 4,90-9,38x106/ L, hematocrito: 24,83-45,10%, hemoglobina: 8,59-14,87g/dL, VCM: 42,35-55,19fL, HCM: 14,25-18,20pg, CHCM: 32,10-36,70g/dL, glóbulos blancos: 5,64-12,81x103/ L, linfocitos: 1,04-5,85x103/ L, monocitos: 0,20-0,90x103/ L, granulocitos: 2,90-8,26x103/ L y plaquetas: 78,10-314,90x103/ L. Al comparar los resultados obtenidos se encontraron diferencias significativas (P<0,05) en el contaje eritrocitos, concentración de hemoglobina, hematocrito y contaje de plaquetas debido a la influencia de la altitud; también se encontró diferencias significativas (P<0,05) en la serie blanca (leucocitos, linfocitos, monocitos y granulocitos) pero esto debido a influencias fisiológicas o patológicas, mas no al efecto altitudinal.// The present study was carried out in the littoral region of Ecuador, analyzing the hemograms of 100 horses clinically healthy, over two years of age and reared between 0 and 500 masl, in order to determinate hematological reference values and compare the results obtained with the reference values of a previous study performed to more than 3000 masl, in the Ecuadorian north central sierra. Therefore, blood samples were taken from animals at rest and were submitted to laboratory analysis with the Mindray R auto-hematology equipment BC2800Vet, and with this information the statistical study was made using Microsoft Excel R “Reference Value Advisor” to identify possible references values and to eliminate outlier data. These blood samples were taken from Ecuadorian creole horses in order to maintain a statistical sample with homogeneous blood parameters and a reference of this variety, which has only been studied before over 3000 masl. The following values were identified: erythrocytes: 4.90-9.38x106/ L, hematocrit: 24.83-45.10%, hemoglobin: 8.59-14,87g/dL, mean corpuscular volume: 42,35-55,19fL, mean corpuscular hemoglobin: 14,25-18.20pg, concentration of mean corpuscular hemoglobin: 32.10-36.70g/dL, white blood cells: 5.64-12.81x103/ L, lymphocytes: 1.04-5.85x103/ L, monocytes: 0.20-0.90x103/ L, granulocytes: 2.90-8.26x103/ L, and blood platelets between: 78.10-314.90x103/ L. In the comparison with the obtained results, significant differences were found (P<0.05) in the erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelets reference values due to the height influence; while significant differences (P<0.05) were also found in the white series (leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes) but this due to physiological or pathological influence and not thanks to the altitudinal effect

Genomic, Pathway Network, and Immunologic Features Distinguishing Squamous Carcinomas

This integrated, multiplatform PanCancer Atlas study co-mapped and identified distinguishing molecular features of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) from five sites associated with smokin

Pan-Cancer Analysis of lncRNA Regulation Supports Their Targeting of Cancer Genes in Each Tumor Context

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are commonly dys-regulated in tumors, but only a handful are known toplay pathophysiological roles in cancer. We inferredlncRNAs that dysregulate cancer pathways, onco-genes, and tumor suppressors (cancer genes) bymodeling their effects on the activity of transcriptionfactors, RNA-binding proteins, and microRNAs in5,185 TCGA tumors and 1,019 ENCODE assays.Our predictions included hundreds of candidateonco- and tumor-suppressor lncRNAs (cancerlncRNAs) whose somatic alterations account for thedysregulation of dozens of cancer genes and path-ways in each of 14 tumor contexts. To demonstrateproof of concept, we showed that perturbations tar-geting OIP5-AS1 (an inferred tumor suppressor) andTUG1 and WT1-AS (inferred onco-lncRNAs) dysre-gulated cancer genes and altered proliferation ofbreast and gynecologic cancer cells. Our analysis in-dicates that, although most lncRNAs are dysregu-lated in a tumor-specific manner, some, includingOIP5-AS1, TUG1, NEAT1, MEG3, and TSIX, synergis-tically dysregulate cancer pathways in multiple tumorcontexts

Pan-cancer Alterations of the MYC Oncogene and Its Proximal Network across the Cancer Genome Atlas

Although theMYConcogene has been implicated incancer, a systematic assessment of alterations ofMYC, related transcription factors, and co-regulatoryproteins, forming the proximal MYC network (PMN),across human cancers is lacking. Using computa-tional approaches, we define genomic and proteo-mic features associated with MYC and the PMNacross the 33 cancers of The Cancer Genome Atlas.Pan-cancer, 28% of all samples had at least one ofthe MYC paralogs amplified. In contrast, the MYCantagonists MGA and MNT were the most frequentlymutated or deleted members, proposing a roleas tumor suppressors.MYCalterations were mutu-ally exclusive withPIK3CA,PTEN,APC,orBRAFalterations, suggesting that MYC is a distinct onco-genic driver. Expression analysis revealed MYC-associated pathways in tumor subtypes, such asimmune response and growth factor signaling; chro-matin, translation, and DNA replication/repair wereconserved pan-cancer. This analysis reveals insightsinto MYC biology and is a reference for biomarkersand therapeutics for cancers with alterations ofMYC or the PMN

Spatial Organization and Molecular Correlation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Using Deep Learning on Pathology Images

Beyond sample curation and basic pathologic characterization, the digitized H&E-stained images of TCGA samples remain underutilized. To highlight this resource, we present mappings of tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) based on H&E images from 13 TCGA tumor types. These TIL maps are derived through computational staining using a convolutional neural network trained to classify patches of images. Affinity propagation revealed local spatial structure in TIL patterns and correlation with overall survival. TIL map structural patterns were grouped using standard histopathological parameters. These patterns are enriched in particular T cell subpopulations derived from molecular measures. TIL densities and spatial structure were differentially enriched among tumor types, immune subtypes, and tumor molecular subtypes, implying that spatial infiltrate state could reflect particular tumor cell aberration states. Obtaining spatial lymphocytic patterns linked to the rich genomic characterization of TCGA samples demonstrates one use for the TCGA image archives with insights into the tumor-immune microenvironment

COVID19 Disease Map, a computational knowledge repository of virus-host interaction mechanisms.

Funder: Bundesministerium für Bildung und ForschungFunder: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)We need to effectively combine the knowledge from surging literature with complex datasets to propose mechanistic models of SARS-CoV-2 infection, improving data interpretation and predicting key targets of intervention. Here, we describe a large-scale community effort to build an open access, interoperable and computable repository of COVID-19 molecular mechanisms. The COVID-19 Disease Map (C19DMap) is a graphical, interactive representation of disease-relevant molecular mechanisms linking many knowledge sources. Notably, it is a computational resource for graph-based analyses and disease modelling. To this end, we established a framework of tools, platforms and guidelines necessary for a multifaceted community of biocurators, domain experts, bioinformaticians and computational biologists. The diagrams of the C19DMap, curated from the literature, are integrated with relevant interaction and text mining databases. We demonstrate the application of network analysis and modelling approaches by concrete examples to highlight new testable hypotheses. This framework helps to find signatures of SARS-CoV-2 predisposition, treatment response or prioritisation of drug candidates. Such an approach may help deal with new waves of COVID-19 or similar pandemics in the long-term perspective

XXV Curso Monográfico de Psiquiatría Infantil y la Adolescencia: Tópicos de Psicofarmacología Infantil - 2023

El XXV Curso Monográfico de Psiquiatría Infantil y de la Adolescencia, titulado "Tópicos de Psicofarmacología Infantil," fue un evento destacado en el campo de la salud mental infantil y adolescente. Durante tres días en septiembre de 2023, expertos líderes en la materia se reunieron para explorar a fondo la psicofarmacología en este grupo de edad. El evento, dedicado a la memoria del Dr. Francisco Javier Valencia Granados, comenzó con una ceremonia de inauguración en la que participaron autoridades institucionales. Luego, se sucedieron conferencias magistrales que abordaron una amplia variedad de temas cruciales. Estos incluyeron aspectos fundamentales como la neurobioquímica farmacológica y una introducción a la psicofarmacología. El programa se adentró en cuestiones específicas, como el uso de antipsicóticos en paidopsiquiatría, el abordaje de trastornos del aprendizaje, el tratamiento del suicidio desde una perspectiva psicofarmacológica, y la gestión farmacológica del insomnio en niños. Se exploraron temas especializados, como el tratamiento de la esquizofrenia en pacientes infantiles. El segundo día se centró en trastornos emocionales en niños y adolescentes, destacando el tratamiento del trastorno depresivo, los trastornos ansiosos y el espectro autista. Se presentaron enfoques vanguardistas, como el uso de psicodélicos en adolescentes y las novedades en psicofarmacología, como el dextrometorfano y el bupropión. También se discutió el manejo de la epilepsia y la adicción a los videojuegos. El tercer día se enfocó en el tratamiento farmacológico de trastornos pediátricos específicos, como el trastorno bipolar, el déficit de atención e hiperactividad, la enuresis y encopresis, parasomnias, y el abordaje neuropsiquiátrico en pacientes pediátricos con VIH. Se exploraron también trastornos de la conducta alimentaria y la disforia de género. El evento culminó con una reflexión sobre la salud mental en niños y un emotivo tributo al Dr. Francisco Javier

Integrated Genomic Analysis of the Ubiquitin Pathway across Cancer Types

Protein ubiquitination is a dynamic and reversibleprocess of adding single ubiquitin molecules orvarious ubiquitin chains to target proteins. Here,using multidimensional omic data of 9,125 tumorsamples across 33 cancer types from The CancerGenome Atlas, we perform comprehensive molecu-lar characterization of 929 ubiquitin-related genesand 95 deubiquitinase genes. Among them, we sys-tematically identify top somatic driver candidates,including mutatedFBXW7with cancer-type-specificpatterns and amplifiedMDM2showing a mutuallyexclusive pattern withBRAFmutations. Ubiquitinpathway genes tend to be upregulated in cancermediated by diverse mechanisms. By integratingpan-cancer multiomic data, we identify a group oftumor samples that exhibit worse prognosis. Thesesamples are consistently associated with the upre-gulation of cell-cycle and DNA repair pathways, char-acterized by mutatedTP53,MYC/TERTamplifica-tion, andAPC/PTENdeletion. Our analysishighlights the importance of the ubiquitin pathwayin cancer development and lays a foundation fordeveloping relevant therapeutic strategies