Inovação e Biotecnologia na Biodiversidade do Cerrado

Biotechnology and biotechnology innovation play an important and fundamental role in a daily life, and also in the economies of the countries. The research on environmental processes through the mechanisms of the interaction between biodiversity and environment, throughout the structural molecular biotechnology, is a capable methodology to increase the understanding of the properties of the molecular compounds and directing the acquisition of new products. Quantification of Cerrado biodiversity with potential use in biotechnology, based on available literature, indicates 151 species, mainly from plants and microorganisms. There is a broad field in the generation of basic knowledge regarding the biodiversity of the Cerrado, given the small number of species evaluated by the scientific community in relation to the total estimated biodiversity, which can be used in biotechnology and thus stimulate innovation in this area of the knowledge.A biotecnologia e a inovação biotecnológica exercem um papel importante e fundamental na vida cotidiana das pessoas e na economia dos países. A investigação dos processos ambientais através dos mecanismos da interação entre biodiversidade e ambiente, por meio da biotecnologia molecular estrutural, é uma metodologia capaz de ampliar o entendimento das propriedades dos compostos e direcionar a obtenção de novos produtos. A quantificação da biodiversidade do Cerrado com potencial uso em biotecnologia, realizada a partir da literatura disponível, indica 151 espécies, oriundas principalmente de plantas e microrganismos. Existe um amplo campo na geração de conhecimento de base em se tratando da biodiversidade do Cerrado, visto a reduzida quantidade de espécies avaliadas pela comunidade científica em relação ao total da biodiversidade estimada, que podem ser utilizados em biotecnologia e assim estimular a inovação nesta área do conhecimento

Educação Ambiental e Percepção Acerca do Fogo e seus Impactos no Cerrado: Uma Pesquisa Qualitativa

Fire is an important agent in Cerrado ecology, however their use without knowledge and care in its use and management has caused unprecedented damage, and the consequences can be seen in both fauna and flora. Having pointed it out as a basis, the objective is to analyze the perception of the importance and use of fire in the Cerrado in the city of Goiás by students of the Geography course, in different periods, at the State University of Goiás, at the Cora Coralina Campus, which is located in mentioned city. Another relevant point is to perceive the activity of Environmental Education within a new university management policy at the State University of Goiás and the relationship of this activity with the enhancement of the environment and regional culture. This is a qualitative research where the methodology adopted was the application of an interactive lecture and three questionnaires with closed and open questions, for the analysis of the collected data, the Discourse Analysis was carried out. It was observed that the perception of the use and management of fire by the researched subjects is guided by their historical-social context, and when fire also means more work or money, even though they are aware of the damage it can cause, it is accepted. And, finally, it was also noticed that environmental education has a wide reach within the academy, however, even there the economic interest has a loud voice.O fogo é um dos elementos que constitui o Cerrado, no entanto, a falta de conhecimento e cuidado no seu uso e manejo tem causado danos sem precedentes, e as consequências podem ser vistas tanto na fauna quanto na flora. Tendo o apontado como base, objetiva-se analisar a percepção da importância e uso do fogo no Cerrado na cidade de Goiás por alunos do curso de Geografia, em diferentes períodos, da Universidade Estadual de Goiás, no Campus Cora Coralina, que se localiza na cidade mencionada. Outro ponto relevante é perceber a atividade de Educação Ambiental dentro de uma nova política de gestão universitária na Universidade Estadual de Goiás e a relação desta atividade com a valorização do meio ambiente e da cultura regional. Essa é uma pesquisa qualitativa onde a metodologia adotada foi a aplicação de uma palestra interativa e três questionários com perguntas fechadas e abertas, para a análise dos dados coletados realizou-se a Análise do Discurso. Foi observado que a percepção do uso e manejo do fogo pelos sujeitos pesquisados é norteada pelo seu contexto histórico-social, sendo que quando o fogo também significa mais trabalho ou dinheiro, mesmo tendo consciência dos danos que pode causar, ele é aceito. E, por fim, também foi percebido que a educação ambiental tem um alcance grande dentro da academia, no entanto, algumas vezes, mesmo lá o interesse econômico tem voz altiva

A Agroecologia Ontem, Hoje e Amanhã em Terras Tupiniquins: Conceito, Contexto e Perspectivas

A agroecologia parte da ideia que é possível o desenvolvimento de uma agricultura sustentável. Por isso, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a agroecologia enquanto alternativa para mitigar a degradação ambiental que a agricultura convencional tem causado. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica baseada na literatura especializada através de consulta a livros, artigos científicos e leis que corroboraram com as informações e análises aqui apresentadas. O trabalho está estruturado da seguinte forma: 1. Trabalha-se o conceito de agroecologia segundo autores da literatura acadêmica; 2. É feito uma contextualização histórica do surgimento da agroecologia no mundo e, posteriormente, no Brasil; 3. É vista a situação da agroecologia atualmente, com ênfase para os problemas que a mesma tem enfrentado; 4. É analisada a inserção dos agrotóxicos na agricultura convencional; 5. E por fim, é apresentada como se deu a estruturação legal da agroecologia no Brasil. Constatou-se que a agricultura atual tem se estruturado pela elevada dependência em relação aos insumos químicos, mecanização intensiva e uso insustentável dos recursos naturais, por isso é necessário que haja um diálogo dessas práticas com as ações da agroecologia

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Theoretical study of chloro aluminium phthalocyanine in PM6 and DFT

Submitted by Erika Demachki ([email protected]) on 2015-05-18T17:45:41Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Wesley Fonseca Vaz - 2014.pdf: 3341103 bytes, checksum: ff3f9012c7c4e42ee917f04d8273126b (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki ([email protected]) on 2015-05-18T17:56:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Wesley Fonseca Vaz - 2014.pdf: 3341103 bytes, checksum: ff3f9012c7c4e42ee917f04d8273126b (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-18T17:56:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Wesley Fonseca Vaz - 2014.pdf: 3341103 bytes, checksum: ff3f9012c7c4e42ee917f04d8273126b (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-28The molecular structure of chloro-aluminum phthalocyanine (AlClPc) was determined by B3LYP/6-31+G* and compared to the X-ray diffraction data. Theoretical calculations predict AlClPc C4V symmetry. The agreement between experimental and theoretical values have root mean square errors of 0.0404 Å for the bond lengths, and 2,46º for the dihedral angles. The AlClPc PM6 aggregates are favorable when compared to the isolated molecule. The excited states calculated with PM6/CI agree with the experimental values for the Q and B-bands, except for the absorption intensities. The splitting calculated for Q-bands was 69 nm, whereas the value found experimentally is 80 nm. PM6/PCM absorption spectrum for AlClPc in ethanol presented 615 nm for Q-band in a good agreement with the experimental value of 675 nm.A estrutura molecular da Cloro Ftalocianina de Alumínio (AlClPc) foi determinada por cálculos B3LYP/6-31+G* e comparada com dados experimentais obtidos por difração de raios-X. Os cálculos teóricos preveem uma molécula com simetria C4v. A concordância entre os valores experimentais e teóricos apresentam erros médios quadráticos de 0,0404 Å, para as distâncias de ligação, e 2,46º para os ângulos diedros. Os agregados moleculares da AlClPc calculados via PM6 mostram que o empacotamento dessas moléculas é mais favorável do que sua forma isolada. Os estados excitados calculados com PM6/CI concordam com os valores experimentais para as bandas Q e B, exceto para as intensidades das absorções. A separação de bandas calculada para a banda Q foi de 69 nm, enquanto que o valor observado experimentalmente é de 80 nm. O espectro de absorção teórico para a AlClPc em etanol calculado com PM6/PCM apresenta a banda Q em 615 nm e tem boa concordância com o valor experimental de 675 nm

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora