Antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular detection of chloramphenicol and florfenicol resistance among Escherichia coli isolates from diseased chickens

Seventy Escherichia coli isolates recovered from diseased chickens diagnosed with colibacillosis in Henan Province, China, between 2004 and 2005 were characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility profiles via a broth doubling dilution method. Overall, the isolates displayed resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (100%), oxytetracycline (100%), ampicillin (83%), enrofloxacin (83%), and ciprofloxacin (81%), respectively. Among the phenicols, resistance was approximately 79% and 29% for chloramphenicol and florfenicol, respectively. Molecular detection revealed that the incidence rates of the floR, cmlA, cat1, cat2 and cat3 were 29, 31, 16, 13, and 0%, respectively. Additionally, 10% of the isolates were positive for both floR and cmlA. As these antimicrobial agents may potentially induce cross-resistance between animal and human bacterial pathogens, their prudent use in veterinary medicine is highly recommended

Assignment of the rat genes coding for dopa decarboxylase (DDC) and glutamic acid decarboxylases (GAD1 and GAD2).

By use of rat cDNA probes and a panel of cell hybrids segregating rat chromosomes, the genes encoding three pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent decarboxylases--namely, DOPA-decarboxylase (Ddc), glutamic acid decarboxylase 1 and 2 (Gad1 and Gad2)--were assigned to rat Chromosomes (Chrs) 14, 3, and 17, respectively. If one takes into account chromosome localizations in the human and the mouse, the present results (i) show that a synteny group is retained on rat Chr 14, human Chr 7, and mouse Chr 11 (Ddc); (ii) strengthen the homology relation known between rat Chr 3 and human and mouse Chrs 2 (Gad1); (iii) suggest that rat Chr 17 has no extensive homology to any human chromosome; and (iv) suggest the order (Prl, Fdp)--Tpl2--Gad2 on the rat Chr 17.Comparative StudyJournal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Um discurso afinado: O episcopado católico frente à "política" e ao "social"

O artigo aborda as relações entre o episcopado católico brasileiro e seu posicionamento como grupo de representação frente ao universo da "política" e do "social". A análise procura evidenciar, por um lado, a lógica dos mecanismos de produção de representações do alto clero como grupo homogêneo destinado a produzir mensagens unívocas para públicos variados e, por outro lado, um conjunto variado de estratégias de elaboração e apresentação de discursos institucionais adequados à "realidade do país" e do "mundo" e que visam a legitimar a posição da Igreja como instituição capaz de falar com autoridade sobre ampla gama de temas.<br>This article analyses the relations of Brazil's Catholic bishops and their position, while a representation group, regarding "political" and "social" issues. The purpose of the study is twofold: it tries to cast light on the logic of the mechanisms which mold the representations of the Brazilian high clergy as a homogeneous group responsible for elaborating univocal messages to a heterogeneous public; and it tries to apprehend a vast set of strategies of making and presenting official well-adapted discourses to both Brazil's and the world's realities, as a way of legitimating the Church as an authority on a vast sort of subjects

The molecular biology of Pasteurella multocida

Pasteurella multocida is an important veterinary and opportunistic human pathogen. The species is diverse and complex with respect to antigenic variation, host predeliction and pathogenesis. Certain serological types are the aetiologic agents of severe pasteurellosis, such as fowl cholera in domestic and wild birds, bovine haemorrhagic septicaemia and porcine atrophic rhinitis. The recent application of molecular methods such as the polymerase chain reaction, restriction endonuclease analysis, ribotyping, pulsed-held gel electrophoresis, gene cloning, characterisation and recombinant protein expression, mutagenesis, plasmid and bacteriophage analysis and genomic mapping, have greatly increased our understanding of P. multocida and has provided researchers with a number of molecular tools to study pathogenesis and epidemiology at a molecular level. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved