Distribution of micro-amounts of europium in the two-phase water–HCl–nitrobenzene–N,N’-dimethyl-N,N’-diphenyl-2,6-di-picolinamide–hydrogen dicarbollylcobaltate extraction system

Extraction of micro-amounts of europium by a nitrobenzene solution of hydrogen dicarbollylcobaltate (H+B-) in the presence of N,N’-dimethyl-N,N’-diphenyl-2,6-dipicolinamide (MePhDPA, L) was investigated. The equilibrium data were explained assuming that the species HL+, HL+2, HL3+2 and HL3+3 are extracted into the organic phase. The values of the extraction and stability constants of the species in nitrobenzene saturated with water were determined

The Study of Species Diversity of Fungi-Litaliano Allocated with Samples of Cement Composites Containing Limestones of Different Origin and Subjected to Aging at Conditions of the Black Sea Climate

The article presents the results of a study of the decay resistance of cement composites filled with carbonate and silicate rocks. The investigated composites exhibited for one year under conditions of the black sea climate in the open air under a canopy of sea coast and sea water. Species and generic diversity of fungi-Litvinov on the samples, depending on the origin of carbonate rocks and the conditions of aging. By results of researches it is stated that fouling, the number of species in the community, as well as specific species composition to a greater extent depends on the operating conditions of the material, and to a lesser extent on the mineral composition of the filler. The authors give a classification of biological agents- destructors of building materials in their preferred conditions of growth that may be promising for the further development of approaches to deal with them. Installed rational compositions of concrete composites derived from limestones of different origin

Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes

This revision of the classification of eukaryotes follows that of Adl et al., 2012 [J. Euk. Microbiol. 59(5)] and retains an emphasis on protists. Changes since have improved the resolution of many nodes in phylogenetic analyses. For some clades even families are being clearly resolved. As we had predicted, environmental sampling in the intervening years has massively increased the genetic information at hand. Consequently, we have discovered novel clades, exciting new genera, and uncovered a massive species level diversity beyond the morphological species descriptions. Several clades known from environmental samples only have found their home. Sampling soils, deeper marine waters, and the deep sea will continue to fill us with surprises. The main changes in this revision are the confirmation that eukaryotes form at least two domains, the loss of monophyly in the Exavata, robust support for the Haptista and Cryptista. We provide suggested primer sets for DNA sequences from environmental samples that are effective for each clade. We have provided a guide to trophic functional guilds in an appendix, to facilitate the interpretation of environmental samples. This revision of the classification of eukaryotes updates that of the International Society of Protistologists (Adl et al., 2012). Since then, there has been a massive increase in DNA sequence information of phylogenetic relevance from environmental samples. We now have a much better sense of the undescribed biodiversity in our environment (Pawlowski et al., 2012; de Vargas et al., 2015). While significant, it still remains a partial estimation as several continents and soils in general are poorly sampled, and the deeper ocean is hard to reach. This new data clarified phylogenetic relationships and the new information is incorporated in this revision

Potential of Core-Collapse Supernova Neutrino Detection at JUNO

JUNO is an underground neutrino observatory under construction in Jiangmen, China. It uses 20kton liquid scintillator as target, which enables it to detect supernova burst neutrinos of a large statistics for the next galactic core-collapse supernova (CCSN) and also pre-supernova neutrinos from the nearby CCSN progenitors. All flavors of supernova burst neutrinos can be detected by JUNO via several interaction channels, including inverse beta decay, elastic scattering on electron and proton, interactions on C12 nuclei, etc. This retains the possibility for JUNO to reconstruct the energy spectra of supernova burst neutrinos of all flavors. The real time monitoring systems based on FPGA and DAQ are under development in JUNO, which allow prompt alert and trigger-less data acquisition of CCSN events. The alert performances of both monitoring systems have been thoroughly studied using simulations. Moreover, once a CCSN is tagged, the system can give fast characterizations, such as directionality and light curve

Detection of the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background with JUNO

As an underground multi-purpose neutrino detector with 20 kton liquid scintillator, Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is competitive with and complementary to the water-Cherenkov detectors on the search for the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB). Typical supernova models predict 2-4 events per year within the optimal observation window in the JUNO detector. The dominant background is from the neutral-current (NC) interaction of atmospheric neutrinos with 12C nuclei, which surpasses the DSNB by more than one order of magnitude. We evaluated the systematic uncertainty of NC background from the spread of a variety of data-driven models and further developed a method to determine NC background within 15\% with {\it{in}} {\it{situ}} measurements after ten years of running. Besides, the NC-like backgrounds can be effectively suppressed by the intrinsic pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) capabilities of liquid scintillators. In this talk, I will present in detail the improvements on NC background uncertainty evaluation, PSD discriminator development, and finally, the potential of DSNB sensitivity in JUNO

Real-time Monitoring for the Next Core-Collapse Supernova in JUNO

Core-collapse supernova (CCSN) is one of the most energetic astrophysical events in the Universe. The early and prompt detection of neutrinos before (pre-SN) and during the SN burst is a unique opportunity to realize the multi-messenger observation of the CCSN events. In this work, we describe the monitoring concept and present the sensitivity of the system to the pre-SN and SN neutrinos at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), which is a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector under construction in South China. The real-time monitoring system is designed with both the prompt monitors on the electronic board and online monitors at the data acquisition stage, in order to ensure both the alert speed and alert coverage of progenitor stars. By assuming a false alert rate of 1 per year, this monitoring system can be sensitive to the pre-SN neutrinos up to the distance of about 1.6 (0.9) kpc and SN neutrinos up to about 370 (360) kpc for a progenitor mass of 30$M_{\odot}$ for the case of normal (inverted) mass ordering. The pointing ability of the CCSN is evaluated by using the accumulated event anisotropy of the inverse beta decay interactions from pre-SN or SN neutrinos, which, along with the early alert, can play important roles for the followup multi-messenger observations of the next Galactic or nearby extragalactic CCSN.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figure

The Antioxidant Properties of Pectin Fractions Isolated from Vegetables Using a Simulated Gastric Fluid

The antioxidant properties of vegetable pectin fractions against intraluminal reactive oxygen species were elucidated in vitro in conjunction with their structural features. The pectin fractions were isolated using a simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.5, pepsin 0.5 g/L, 37°C, 4 h) from fresh white cabbage, carrot, onion, and sweet pepper. The fraction from onion was found to inhibit the production of superoxide radicals by inhibiting the xanthine oxidase. The high molecular weight of onion pectin and a large number of galactose residues in its side chains appeared to participate in interaction with xanthine oxidase. All the isolated pectic polysaccharides were found to be associated with protein (2–9%) and phenolics (0.5–0.7%) as contaminants; these contaminants were shown to be responsible for the antioxidant effect of vegetable pectin fractions against the hydroxyl and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals

Notes on the breeding of large Lake Tana Barbs (Labeobarbus Spp.) in nature and laboratory

The largest lake species flock within cyprinids comprises of 16`Lake Tana (Ethiopia) Labeobarbus species differing in ecology, morphology, and sites of reproduction. Most of them migrate to rivers for spawning and head down to the lake after spawning. During 2005−2015, species composition of Lake Tana barbs was studied in five rivers and their tributaries including those so far not sampled. Our observations revealed that several species, earlier considered to spawn in the lake, were found to be riverine spawning. Results confirm the occurrence of spatio-temporal segregation in barbs‟ reproduction as previously reported as a mechanism enhancing reproductive isolation between closely related Lake Tana barbs. However, considerable overlap both in space and time of spawning in different barb species recorded in this study indicates that spatio-temporal segregation is far from complete. Breeding behavior of Tana barbs was also studied in nature and in the laboratory. Species-specific differences were revealed in the pre-mating behavior of different barb species. It is proposed that barbs participate in reproductive isolation enhancing the effects of space-temporal segregation.Keywords/phrases: Breeding behavior, Labeobarbus, Lake Tana, Reproductive isolation, Spatio-temporal segregatio

Short communication

Distribution of micro-amounts of europium in the two-phase water–HCl–nitrobenzene–N,N’-dimethyl-N,N’-diphenyl-2,6-dipicolinamide–hydrogen dicarbollylcobaltate extraction syste