Structure and Floristics of Home Gardens in an Altitudinal Marsh in Northeastern Brazil

Home gardens are a traditional land use practice, which is very common in the tropics. The main goal of the home garden is to produce food for subsistence purposes. Therefore, they have been considered very important from an economic, cultural and ecological point of view. Despite their importance, there has been a lack in research of these environments in Northeastern Brazil. This research was carried out in a rural community belonging to Areia City (Paraíba, Brazil), and aimed to study the floristic diversity of home gardens and their contribution in the conservation of the local diversity. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, also using the technique of guided tours with the home garden maintainer. At the same time, the yards were measured, as well as all shrubby arboreal individuals present with DGL (diameter at ground level) ≥ 3 cm. A total of 19 yards were analyzed. 177 species were recorded, of which 155 were identified, representing 63 families and 131 genera. Fabaceae (16 spp.), Euphorbiaceae (10 spp.) and Myrtaceae (7 spp.) were the most represented plant families. 94 of the identified species are considered exotic and 83 are native, considering the origin at regional level. Structurally, the home gardens from Vaca Brava community have shown themselves as complex and rich in diversity, as a result of the association of crops and fruit, as well as the presence of native woody plants for which no uses were reported

EL USO DE LOS RECURSOS VEGETALES DE LA CAATINGA EN UNA COMUNIDAD RURAL EN CURIMATAÚ PARAÍBA (NORDESTE DE BRASIL)

Este estudio trata de determinar la utilidadpotencial de especies nativas en un áreade Caatinga en el municipio de Soledade(Nordeste de Brasil). El trabajo se realizóen dos etapas. Primero se llevó a cabo uninventario fitosociológico en los fragmentos de vegetación acerca de la comunidadpara identificar las especies, y después secondujo un estudio etnobotánico usandoentrevistas semiestructuradas con 33 informantes de ambos sexos para investigar susconocimientos acerca de los usos atribuidosa las plantas. Un total de 101 especies fueron identificadas, 84 del total fueron considerados útiles para la comunidad. Ademáslos taxa inventariados fueron divididos ennueve categorías de uso (forraje, medicina, tecnología, construcción, alimentos,combustible, veterinario, veneno-arbotivo,otros), entre los cuales las más relevantesen cuanto al número de especies incluidasfueron las categorías de forraje, medicina ytecnología, con más de 20 especies. La hojaes la parte de la planta más utilizada, seguida de la madera y la corteza, lo que refuerzala importancia de los recursos madereros dela comunidad. El conocimiento sobre la utilidad potencial de la vegetación nativa parece estar distribuido uniformemente entre losinformantes. Pocas especies tienen un altovalor de uso, mientras que la mayoría presentan valores de uso marginales. Aunqueno exista una verdadera distinción entre usoy uso cognitivo de los recursos vegetales,conocer y tener en cuenta el conocimientolocal es indispensable para establecer lastécnicas de uso y manejo de estos recursos, a fin de minimizar la acción humana sobrela biodiversidad de la Caatinga, para que elpotencial de este bioma pueda ser disfrutadopor las generaciones futuras.This study sought to identify the potentialutility of native speciesin the Caatinga areain the municipality of Soledade (Northeastern Brazil). The survey was conductedin two stages, first a phytosociologicalinventory was carried out in fragmentsof vegetation next to the community toidentify the species, then an ethnobotanicalsurvey was conducted using structured interviews with 33 informants of both sexesin order to investigate their knowledgeabout the attributed uses to plants. A totalof 101 species were identified, and 84of those were considered useful by thecommunity. Reported species were divided into nine categories of use (forage,medicine, technology, construction, food,fuel, veterinary, poison-arbotive, others),among which the most relevant in termsof number of species were the categoriesof fodder, medicine and technology, withover 20 species each. The leaf is the plantpart most used, followed by wood andbark, reinforcing the importance of timberresources to the community. Knowledgeabout the potential utility of native vegetation appears to be evenly distributedamong the informers. Few species arehighly valued, while most have marginaluse values. Although there is no real distinction between use and cognitive use ofplant resources, it is indispensable to reportknowledge on plant-use. These traditionalknowledge and practices are essential toestablish techniques and for sustainableuse and management of these resources,in order to minimize the human action onthe biodiversity of the Caatinga, for thepotential of this biome can be enjoyed byfuture generations

Uso e conhecimento da aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva) por comunidades tradicionais no Semiárido brasileiro

In this study, the traditional knowledge and uses of Myracrodruon urundeuva, an endangered species, wereinvestigated in two rural communities, in the municipality of Soledade, State of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. Semistructuredinterviews were conducted with the heads of households, 16 in Barrocas and 28 in Cachoeira, trying todistinguish the current from the potential uses. To collect demographic information on the M. urundeuva population, allindividuals with circumference at soil level > 3 cm were recorded in the surveys. Plant uses were classified into sevencategories (subdivided into timber and non-timber, especially for construction): forage, fuel, construction, medicine,technology, veterinary and as an abortive. Those interviewed showed that they gather plants either from their ownproperties or from neighboring farms. In the community of Cachoeira there were more records of use by men (89 citations)than by women (65) whereas in Barrocas records showed equal use by men and women. Our results suggest that thewidespread popularity and use of M. urundeuva has threatened the species to the verge of local extinction.Neste estudo, buscou-se informações sobre conhecimento e usos tradicionais de Myracrodruon urundeuva,uma espécie ameaçada, em duas comunidades rurais no município de Soledade, estado da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil.Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com chefes domiciliares, 16 em Barrocas e 28 em Cachoeira, procurandodistinguir os usos atuais dos usos potenciais. Com a finalidade de se coletar informações demográficas da população de M.urundeuva, foram realizados levantamentos, registrando todos os indivíduos da espécie com circunferência no nível dosolo > 3 cm usos da planta foram distribuídos em sete categorias (subdivididos em madeireiros e não madeireiros,principalmente para construção): forragem, combustível, construção, medicinal, tecnologia, veneno-abortivo e veterinário.Os informantes evidenciaram que coletam ora nas áreas de vegetação de suas propriedades ora nas fazendas vizinhas. Nacomunidade de Cachoeira, foram registradas mais citações de uso por homens (89 citações) do que por mulheres (65),enquanto em Barrocas, houve uma equiparidade nesse conhecimento. Nossos resultados sugerem que a notória popularidadee o uso de M. urundeuva vem ameaçando a espécie de extinção local

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Hunting activity in Amanã\'s Community Sustainable Development Reserve (ASDR)

A história da ocupação recente do Lago Amanã inicia-se nas décadas finais do século XIX com o declínio na produção da borracha brasileira. Após o fim deste ciclo, a economia na região amazônica passou por uma grande diversificação, centrando-se na extração de madeira, pesca, caça (comércio de peles e carne), dentre outros produtos. Com esta mudança na economia extrativista, os regatões que abasteciam o mercado interiorano e, sobretudo, os seringais, passaram a deslocar-se para os interiores em busca de produtos regionais para atender a demanda nas capitais. Desse modo, o capítulo 2 dessa dissertação tem como objetivo realizar uma reconstrução histórica a respeito do processo de ocupação e modo de vida das pessoas que atualmente situam-se na comunidade Boa Esperança (localizada na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Amanã) e fornecer detalhes sobre processos que podem influenciar a atividade de caça relatada no capítulo 3. Já o capítulo 3 se propõe a responder as seguintes questões: 1) a variação sazonal do nível dos rios afeta a atividade de caça na área estudada? 2) a preferência alimentar por determinada espécie influencia no abate das demais? Para obter a resposta, foram utilizados dados de monitoramento de caça entre os anos de 2003 e 2014. Uma etapa piloto foi realizada entre setembro e outubro de 2014, com duração de 22 dias para a seleção da comunidade; durante os meses de fevereiro e março de 2015, em 48 dias de campo, realizou-se a primeira etapa de campo para testes metodológicos; a segunda etapa da pesquisa foi realizada nos meses de agosto a outubro do mesmo ano, totalizando 66 dias em campo. Foram selecionados todos os indivíduos do sexo masculino com idade superior a 18 anos e que participassem da atividade de caça no local. Foram realizadas conversas informais que possibilitaram a elaboração do roteiro de história de vida. Somado a essas entrevistas de caráter mais informal, foram realizadas 47 expedições para realizar a observação participante, sendo 11 para caça, 16 para pesca, 19 para agricultura e apenas uma para coleta de madeira. Os dados de caça utilizados no capítulo 3 fazem parte de um sistema de monitoramento de caça a longo prazo chamado de SMUF (Sistema de Monitoramento do Uso da Fauna), realizado entre os anos de 2002 e 2014. Para identificar se a variação no nível dos rios causa efeito sobre a atividade de caça local foi utilizado dados fluviométricos do mesmo período. Discriminou-se para todos os animais abatidos sua identificação científica, peso individual, local e data do abate, número de caçadores envolvidos e o tempo de caçada. Para responder à questão central do capítulo 3 utilizamos o teste de correlação de Pearson para compararmos se a biomassa animal coletada e esforço exercido pelos caçadores variam de acordo com a fluviometria local. Buscando averiguar se a fluviometria influi diferentemente no abate de algumas espécies, as mesmas análises foram realizadas separadamente com os cinco animais mais caçados. Os dados do capítulo 2 forneceram informações extremamente importantes para compreender o modo de vida dos moradores da Comunidade Boa Esperança. Apesar da caça ter capacidade de gerar grandes impactos na fauna, nossos dados deram luz a fatores ambientais, culturais e socioeconômicos que são capazes de modificar o modo como os animais são caçados localmente. Os dados do capítulo 3 demonstraram que a relação entre biomassa coletada, esforço despendido e fluviometria variam de acordo com a espécie caçada. De modo geral, isso pode estar associado a diversos fatores: 1) heterogeneidade de habitats, diversidade florística e conectividade das áreas de caça com áreas de igapó e várzea; 2) variações sazonais de produtividade e disponibilidade de alimentos entre as áreas; 3) diferenças no forrageio das espécies; 4) comportamento agregativo de algumas espécies; 5) efeitos da sobrecaça e expansão agrícola. Outro fator que pode ser associado as correlações entre biomassa, esforço e fluviometria é a preferência alimentar. Tendo em vista que as demais comunidades que compõem a RDS Amanã podem possuir diferentes históricos socioeconômicos, ambientais e de vida, temas como a migração de bandos, variação sazonal de abate, preferência alimentar, demanda comercial de carne silvestre e inserção de fontes alternativas de renda merecem ser estudados com mais profundidade para que se possa ter uma real compreensão da dinâmica de caça nas comunidades. Esses estudos serão fundamentais para a elaboração de um Plano de Gestão embasado nas diferentes realidades locaisThe history of recent occupation of Amanã Lake starts in the final decades of the nineteenth century with the decline in the production of Brazilian rubber. After the end of this cycle, the economy in the Amazon region went through a major diversification, focusing on logging, fishing, hunting (trade skins and meat), among other products. With this change in the extractive economy, ship supplying the small-town market and, above all, the rubber plantations, began to move to the interior in search of regional products to meet demand in the capital. Thus, Chapter 2 of this dissertation aims to conduct a historical reconstruction about the process of occupation and way of life of the people who currently are in the community Boa Esperança (located in the Amana Sustainable Development Reserve) and provide details about processes that can influence the hunting activity reported in chapter 3 aims to answer the following questions: 1) the seasonal variation in the level of rivers affects the hunting activity in the study area? 2) food preference for particular species influences the slaughter of others? For the answer, hunting monitoring data were used between 2003 and 2014. A pilot phase was conducted between September and October 2014, lasting 22 days for the selection of the community; during the months of February and March 2015 in 48 field days, held the first field stage for methodological tests; the second stage of the research was conducted from August to October of that year, a total of 66 days in the field. selected were all males over the age of 18 and who participate in the hunting activity on site. Informal talks were held which enabled the development of the life story script. Added to these more informal character interviews, 47 shipments were made to perform participant observation, 11 for hunting, fishing 16, 19 for agriculture and only one for timber harvesting. The game data used in Chapter 3 are part of a long-term game monitoring system called SMUF (Monitoring System of the Wildlife Use), conducted between 2002 and 2014. To identify the variation in the level of rivers cause effect on the local hunting activity was used streamflow data from the same period. Discriminated to all animals slaughtered their scientific identification, individual weight, place and date of slaughter, the number of hunters involved and the hunting time. To answer the central question of Chapter 3 used the Pearson correlation test to compare the animal biomass collected and effort deployed by hunters vary according to the local seasonality. Seeking to establish whether the seasonality influence differently in the slaughter of some species, the same analyzes were performed separately with the five animals most hunted. The Chapter 2 Data provided extremely important information to understand the way of life of the residents of the Community Boa Esperança. Despite the game have the ability to generate large impacts on wildlife, our data gave birth to environmental, cultural and socio-economic factors that are able to modify the way the animals are hunted locally. The chapter 3 data showed that the relationship between collected biomass, effort expended and seasonality vary according to the hunted species. In general, this may be associated with several factors: 1) heterogeneity of habitats, floristic diversity and connectivity of hunting areas with areas of igapó and floodplains; 2) seasonal variations in productivity and food availability between areas; 3) differences in foraging species; 4) affiliative behavior of some species; 5) effects of overhunting and agricultural expansion. Another factor that may be associated correlations between biomass, effort and seasonality is food preference. Given that the other communities that make up the RDS Amanã may have different socioeconomic backgrounds, environmental and life issues such as migration flocks, seasonal variation of slaughter, food preference, commercial demand for bushmeat and inclusion of alternative sources of income they deserve to be studied in greater depth so that you can have a real understanding of the dynamics of hunting in communities. These studies will be fundamental to the development of a management plan grounded in the different local realitie

Uso de recursos vegetais da Caatinga em uma comunidade rural no Curimataú Paraibano (nordeste do Brasil)

This study sought to identify the potential utility of native speciesin the Caatinga area in the municipality of Soledade (Northeastern Brazil). The survey was conducted in two stages, first a phytosociological inventory was carried out in fragments of vegetation next to the community to identify the species, then an ethnobotanical survey was conducted using structured interviews with 33 informants of both sexes in order to investigate their knowledge about the attributed uses to plants. A total of 101 species were identified, and 84 of those were considered useful by the community. Reported species were divided into nine categories of use (forage, medicine, technology, construction, food, fuel, veterinary, poison-arbotive, others), among which the most relevant in terms of number of species were the categories of fodder, medicine and technology, with over 20 species each. The leaf is the plant part most used, followed by wood and bark, reinforcing the importance of timber resources to the community. Knowledge about the potential utility of native vegetation appears to be evenly distributed among the informers. Few species are highly valued, while most have marginal use values. Although there is no real distinction between use and cognitive use of plant resources, it is indispensable to report knowledge on plant-use. These traditional knowledge and practices are essential to establish techniques and for sustainable use and management of these resources, in order to minimize the human action on the biodiversity of the Caatinga, for the potential of this biome can be enjoyed by future generations.O presente estudo buscou realizar um inventário de plantas úteis em uma área da Caatinga localizada no município de Soledade (Nordeste, Brasil). A pesquisa foi realizada em duas etapas, na primeira foi feito um inventário fitossociológico em fragmentos dessa vegetação próximos à comunidade, para identificar as espécies, e na segunda um levantamento etnobotânico por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com 33 informantes de ambos os sexos, com o intuito de investigar o conhecimento destes acerca dos usos atribuídos às plantas. Um total de 101, das quais 84 são consideradas úteis pela comunidade. Foram distribuídas em nove categorias de uso (forragem, medicinal, tecnologia, construção, alimento, combustível, veterinário, veneno-abortiva outros). Dentre estas as mais relevantes com relação ao número de espécies inclusas foram as categorias forragem, medicinal e tecnologia, com mais de 20 espécies. O caule é a parte da planta mais utilizada, reforçando a importância dos recursos madeireiros para a comunidade. O conhecimento sobre o potencial utilitário da vegetação nativa parece estar uniformemente distribuído entre os informantes. Poucas espécies detêm alto valor de uso, enquanto a maioria apresenta valores pouco relevantes. Embora não haja uma verdadeira distinção entre o uso real e o uso cognitivo dos recursos vegetais, o registro dos saberes locais torna-se imprescindível porque os conhecimentos das populações são fundamentais para o estabelecimento de técnicas de uso e manejo desses recursos, que minimizem a ação antrópica sobre a biodiversidade da Caatinga, de modo que, as potencialidades desse bioma possam ser usufruídas pelas gerações futuras.Este estudio trata de determinar la utilidad potencial de especies nativas en un área de Caatinga en el municipio de Soledade (Nordeste de Brasil). El trabajo se realizó en dos etapas. Primero se llevó a cabo un inventario fitosociológico en los fragmentos de vegetación acerca de la comunidad para identificar las especies, y después se condujo un estudio etnobotánico usando entrevistas semiestructuradas con 33 informantes de ambos sexos para investigar sus conocimientos acerca de los usos atribuidos a las plantas. Un total de 101 especies fueron identificadas, 84 del total fueron considerados útiles para la comunidad. Además los taxa inventariados fueron divididos en nueve categorías de uso (forraje, medicina, tecnología, construcción, alimentos, combustible, veterinario, veneno-arbotivo, otros), entre los cuales las más relevantes en cuanto al número de especies incluidas fueron las categorías de forraje, medicina y tecnología, con más de 20 especies. La hoja es la parte de la planta más utilizada, seguida de la madera y la corteza, lo que refuerza la importancia de los recursos madereros de la comunidad. El conocimiento sobre la utilidad potencial de la vegetación nativa parece estar distribuido uniformemente entre los informantes. Pocas especies tienen un alto valor de uso, mientras que la mayoría presentan valores de uso marginales. Aunque no exista una verdadera distinción entre uso y uso cognitivo de los recursos vegetales, conocer y tener en cuenta el conocimiento local es indispensable para establecer las técnicas de uso y manejo de estos recursos, a fin de minimizar la acción humana sobre la biodiversidad de la Caatinga, para que el potencial de este bioma pueda ser disfrutado por las generaciones futuras