2,622 research outputs found

    Fundamentación del plan de desarrollo económico, social, ambiental y de obras públicas. Bogotá positiva : para vivir mejor. 2008 2012

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    Para asegurar el uso eficiente de los recursos del estado y garantizar el bienestar general y el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de la población, tanto la nación como las entidades territoriales adoptan un proceso de planeación dentro del cual se reglamentan unos procedimientos para formular, elaborar, aprobar, ejecutar y evaluar los planes de desarroll

    Measuring out-of-pocket payment, catastrophic health expenditure and the related socioeconomic inequality in Peru : a comparison between 2008 and 2017

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    Q2Objectives: Describe out-of-pocket payment (OOP) and the proportion of Peruvian households with catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and evaluate changes in socioeconomic inequalities in CHE between 2008 and 2017. Methods: We used data from the 2008 and 2017 National Household Surveys on Living and Poverty Conditions (ENAHO in Spanish), which are based on probabilistic stratified, multistage and independent sampling of areas. OOP was converted into constant dollars of 2017. A household with CHE was assumed when the proportion between OOP and payment capacity was ≥0.40. OOP was described by median and interquartile range while CHE was described by weighted proportions and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). To estimate the socioeconomic inequality in CHE we computed the Erreygers concentration index. Results: The median OOP reduced from 205.8 US dollars to 158.7 US dollars between 2008 and 2017. The proportion of CHE decreased from 4.9% (95% CI, 4.5 to 5.2) in 2008 to 3.7% (95% CI, 3.4 to 4.0) in 2017. Comparison of socioeconomic inequality of CHE showed no differences between 2008 and 2017, except for rural households in which CHE was less concentrated in richer households (p<0.05) and in households located on the rest of the coast, showing an increase in the concentration of CHE in richer households (p<0.05). Conclusions: Although OOP and CHE reduced between 2008 and 2017, there is still socioeconomic inequality in the burden of CHE across different subpopulations. To reverse this situation, access to health resources and health services should be promoted and guaranteed to all populations.Revista Internacional - Indexad

    New Genotypes of Long and Thin Grain Rice and Technology for Production in Mexico: Michoacán State as an Example

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    In Mexico, the national demand for rice exceeds four times the consumption of the grain produced internally, which has caused growing volumes of imported rice. Long and thin-type rice is the one with the highest consumption. Faced with this problem, a strategy was implemented based on the evaluation, validation, and release of rice materials. Since Michoacán State is involved in rice production, evaluations have allowed the selection of materials, which has resulted in the current availability of a number of advanced experimental lines. Also, the technology that has traditionally been used in the cultivation had changed, so that continuous improvement programs have been developed represented by the system of cultivation in direct sowing in furrows and continuous irrigation. The new varieties do not require continuous flooding, which allows for a greater efficiency in the use of water and soil resources. Studies on rice nutrition in Mexico are still scarce, especially under irrigated conditions. The current has focused on the nitrogen fertilization of this crop since the exploration of the efficient management of soil nutrition is a vitally important issue. Other aspects integrated to the rice technology are the use of a low seed rate and weed management using a new generation of herbicides

    Mathematical Model for Soil-Structure-Interaction in inverted pendulum type structures

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    Congreso celebrado en la Escuela de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Sevilla desde el 24 hasta el 26 de junio de 2015.Considering that mass rotational inertia in a structure with an inverted pendulum shape increases period of vibration of structure. Such increase depends on location of mass center, on relation of considered mass inertia, on relation of rigidity between structure and foundation, and on relation of system stiffness. In this work expressions that allow to identify importance of such parameters are proposed, for cases in which the oscillator is supported on hard soil or soft soil. It is defined the magnitude error that occurs when not considering mass rotational inertia in calculation for period is defined

    Complejo de masificación deportiva del sector 1 de Villa María del Triunfo, Lima, 2022

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    El planteamiento del Complejo de masificación deportiva responde a la creciente demanda de espacios públicos, recreativos, deportivos y culturales en el distrito de Villa María del Triunfo, así mismo en base a los estudios previos realizados sobre las necesidades del distrito se determinó la ubicación estratégica en una zona con déficit de áreas verdes, espacios recreativos - deportivos sumándose a estos índices delictivos, desaprovechamiento de áreas, contaminación ambiental entre otras. Es importante destacar que el proyecto pretende resolver estas necesidades enfocando la educación deportiva de los jóvenes y niños hacia otros deportes, así como otorgar a la zona carácter cultural deportivo mostrando exponentes locales y zonas recreativas para la localidad. El terreno escogido cuenta con tres frentes siendo uno de ellos la avenida principal José Carlos Mariátegui la cual se pretende usar para facilitar la accesibilidad del alto tránsito para el uso del complejo, así mismo dentro de los más de 4 hectáreas del terreno se proponen áreas verdes con árboles y cubre suelos de riego esporádico así como áreas de jardín seco para el bajo consumo de agua a su vez se plantea como solución arquitectónica sostenible un mini PTAR, por otro lado se consideró el diseño de espacios de uso comercial local y plazas de contemplación como aporte social y arquitectura orgánica siendo el más importante la presencia del bloque cultural deportivo de 4 niveles remarcando la disposición de los ejes peatonales siendo estos de disposición articuladora dentro del precinto. En otras áreas de servicios se encuentra planteado un estacionamiento para buses dando prioridad a la llegada masiva de escolares, turistas y deportistas. Finalmente, es fundamental destacar la diferenciación del complejo propuesto con el existente ubicado a 13 cuadras del terreno escogido, siendo el uso especializado a la orientación cultural deportiva y la promoción de distintos deportes como el fútbol 7 y 11 siendo este el principal dentro del complejo y el de más demanda en el sector. Como detalles característicos se encuentra su diseño arquitectónico contemplativo sostenible y orgánico

    Preparation of zinc oxide and poly-ethylene oxide composite membranes and their phase relationship

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    Zinc oxide and organic polymer (poly-ethylene oxide) based nanocomposite membranes were prepared and their phase relationship investigated. The composites were characterized by XRD, Raman scattering, DSC, and impedance spectroscopy analysis. It was found that embedding inorganic nanoparticles of ZnO into the polymer matrix of PEO allowed for some crystallinity formation, and cross-linking of the polymer composites during annealing or synthesis. The XRD and Raman scattering results show more defined peaks assigned to each phase of the composite as the ZnO content increases from 0 to 30% weight ratio, thus indicating that ceramic filler remain in the semi-crystalline polymer matrix as a separate crystalline phase. The dc-electrical conductivity increases by two or three orders of magnitude from blank (organic phase only) (~10-6 Scm-1 ) to the 30 % wt. ZnO composite membrane (~10-4 Scm-1 ). Electrical conduction changed as a function of temperature with an Arrhenius-type behavior

    Herramienta para el monitoreo del Plan GAM 2013-2030

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    Proyecto de Investigación. Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica. Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Extensión (VIE). Escuela de Ingeniería en Construcción, Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal; Campus Tecnológico Local San José. Escuela de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, 2017Este proyecto se encuentra vinculado con el proceso de elaboración, actualización, implementación y seguimiento del Plan GAM 2013-2030, elaborado por el Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, durante el periodo en que esta Institución tuvo a cargo la Secretaría del Plan Nacional de Desarrollo Urbano (SPNDU). El Plan fue aprobado por el Gobierno de la República y publicado en La Gaceta mediante Decretos N° 38334 y N°38145 del 30 de abril del 2014. La construcción de un territorio GAM competitivo y eficiente, no es un proceso sencillo ni inmediato. Por ello, ante la aprobación del Plan GAM 2013-2030, se hizo necesaria una etapa de implementación, gestión, monitoreo, evaluación y seguimiento. Bajo este contexto las Escuelas de Ingeniería en Construcción, Forestal y Arquitectura y Urbanismo, proponen la creación de una herramienta de monitoreo del ordenamiento territorial a los procesos de gestión del territorio. Se propuso dar seguimiento al proceso evolutivo de la planificación en dos escalas: regional (GAM) a través de un geoportal y local (cantonal) con el diseño de una plataforma, con el objetivo de medir si se está construyendo el modelo de ciudad competitiva y sostenible que proyecta en el PLAN GAM 2013-2030. Se cubrió la fase de diagnóstico y de diseño de la herramienta (plataforma) y además se generó un geoportal que permite utilizar la información cartográfica generada en el Plan GAM 2013-2030. Se espera que este modelo de monitoreo, diseñado con información de la Región Cartago, impulse un proyecto más amplio para generar un sistema de monitoreo de indicadores para la GAM en ambas escalas

    Synthesis and Effect of CaTiO3 formation in CaO·Al2O3 by Solid-State Reaction from CaCO3· Al2O3 and Ti

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    CaO⋅Al2O3/CaTiO3 material was synthesized by a solid-state reaction. The effects of CaTiO3 formed into the CaO⋅Al2O3 during the synthesized process on the microstructure and mechanical properties were studied. CaCO3 was obtained from snail shells, Al2O3, and Ti powders were employed as a raw material. A chemical system with a 1:1 M ratio between CaCO3 and Al2O3 was formed, with an addition of 10 wt% Ti metallic particles. The microstructural analysis through optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction was realized. The apparent density was determined by the Archimedes method, and the mechanical behavior (hardness, fracture toughness, and transversal elastic modulus) were also determined. XRD analysis revealed the formation of calcium aluminate phases such as CaAl2O4, CaAl4O7, and CaAl12O19; in addition, the CaTiO3 phase was also identified. The in-situ formation of CaTiO3 in the ceramic material, improves the mechanical properties such as the transversal elastic modulus and fracture toughness (48 GPa and 1.32 MPa m1/2, respectively) in comparison to the reference material (55 GPa and 0.43 MPa m1/2, respectively). Changes in the microstructural morphology, bulk density, and hardness values were also observed with a positive effect in the compound material

    Tumor mliječne žlijezde kuja: kliničke implikacije sa specifičnim fokusom na HER-2 genu

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    Canine mammary cancer (CMC) is one of the most common neoplasms in intact females in comparison to other species. Several risk factors have been identified, including breed, genetic predisposition, age, reproductive history, hormonal influence, diet, and body condition, in addition to previous lesions to the mammary gland, such as mammary atypical hyperplasia. An understanding of the genetic markers for the disease and a clinical approach are important for establishing a specific therapy that can allow adequate patient survivorship. Overexpression of the HER-2 gene in canines and humans is associated with a poor clinical prognosis, mainly short survivorship, although the clinical relationship is not clear. The incidence of HER-2 in female dogs can range from 29.7% to 38%. However, overexpression of HER-2 is not necessarily associated with malignancy processes of the mammary tissue, although it participates in cellular proliferation. Finally, canines remain one of the most important models for comparative oncology with humans due to the great similarity in the spontaneous presentation and development of cancer, and in the high homology in the amino acid sequence.Tumor mliječne žlijezde kuja je jedna od najčešćih neoplazija u ženki u usporedbi s drugim vrstama. Ustvrđeno je nekoliko čimbenika rizika uključujući pasminu, genetsku predispoziciju, dob, reproduktivnu anamnezu, hormonalni utjecaj, hranidbu i tjelesnu kondiciju uz prethodne lezije mliječne žlijezde kao što su primjerice atipična hiperplazija mliječne žlijezde. U cilju uspostavljanja specifične terapije koja bi omogućila prihvatljivo vrijeme preživljavanja pacijenata važno je razumijevanje genetskih markera za spomenutu bolest kao i klinički pristup. Prekomjerna ekspresija HER-2 gena u kanida i ljudi povezana je s nepovoljnom kliničkom prognozom, uglavnom s kratkim vremenom preživljavanja, premda nije jasna njihova klinička povezanost. Incidencija HER-2 u kuja može biti u rasponu od 29,7 % do 38 %. Međutim, prekomjerna ekspresija HER-2 nije nužno povezana sa zloćudnim procesima u tkivu mliječne žlijezde, premda ima ulogu u staničnoj proliferaciji. Naposljetku, kanidi su i dalje najvažniji modeli za komparativnu onkologiju u odnosu na ljude zbog velike sličnosti u spontanom izgledu i razvoju tumora kao i u visokoj homologiji u slijedu aminokiselina

    Subclavian steal syndrome. Description of a case, diagnostic approach and treatment

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    El síndrome de robo de la subclavia ocurre por una estenosis proxi-mal de la arteria subclavia, el cual va a producir un flujo retrógrado de la arteria vertebral ipsilateral que va a actuar como flujo colateral. La isquemia afecta el cerebro y el miembro superior del lado de la estenosis manifestándose con síntomas neurológicos, aunque el mayor porcentaje de estos pacientes son asintomáticos lo cual se debe a que el polígono de Willis aporta una circulación colateral adecuada. El primer paso después de la sospecha clínica de este síndrome, es solicitar una ecografía doppler de vasos de cuello el cual va a mostrar un flujo retrógrado de la arteria vertebral, esto se confirma con una angiografía la cual demuestra el flujo inverso de la arteria vertebral y la estenosis proximal de la subclavia. En ese momento el radiólogo intervencionista puede realizar una angioplastia con colocación de stent, la cual ha demostrado permeabilidad de hasta un 90% a tres años. Otras técnicas diagnósticas utilizadas son la tomografía computarizada con multidetectores y la resonancia nuclear magnética, ambas con reconstrucción tridimensional de imágenes. [Vargas O, Salcedo CJ. Síndrome del robo de la subclavia. Descripción de un caso, aproximación diagnóstica y tratamientoSubclavian steal syndrome occurs due to a proximal stenosis of the subclavian artery, which will produce a retrograde flow of the ipsilateral vertebral artery that will act as collateral flow. The ischemia affects the brain and the upper limb on the side of the stenosis, manifesting with neurological symptoms, although the highest percentage of these patients are asymptomatic, which is due to the fact that the circle of Willis provides adequate collateral circulation. The first step after the clinical suspicion of this syndrome is to request a Doppler ultrasound of the neck vessels which will show a retrograde flow of the vertebral artery, this is confirmed with an angiography which demonstrates the reverse flow of the vertebral artery. and proximal subclavian stenosis. At that time the interventional radiologist can perform an angioplasty with stenting, which has demonstrated patency of up to 90% at three years. Other diagnostic techniques used are multidetector computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, both with three-dimensional image reconstruction. [Vargas O, Salcedo CJ. Subclavian steal syndrome. Description of a case, diagnostic approach and treatmen
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