Unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal: o papel da enfermagem na construção de um ambiente terapêutico

Pesquisa bibliogrfica cujos objetivos so: identificar estmulos sonoros e luminosos que contribuem e que prejudicam o desenvolvimento do recm-nascido de risco na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal; discutir aes de enfermagem que promovam bem estar ao cliente. Pesquisou-se artigos publicados de 2004 a 2009 disponvel na biblioteca da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora e na Biblioteca Virtual da Sade (MEDLINE, SCIELO, LILACS), cruzando as palavras-chave: Humanizao, enfermagem, recm-nascido, neonatologia, Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal, luminosidade, luz, rudo, som, estmulo, impacto. Evidenciou-se que um grave problema da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal o ambiente superestimulante, agravando o estado de sade do recm-nascido. A equipe de sade tem conhecimento dos fatores prejudiciais ao paciente, mas apresenta dificuldade para mudar sua rotina de trabalho. Apesar disso, muitas pesquisas apontam Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatais com protocolos e propostas para reduo dos estmulos nocivos aos recm-nascidos e favorecimento de seu desenvolvimento cognitivo e fisiolgico

Unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal: o papel da enfermagem na construção de um ambiente terapêutico

Pesquisa bibliográfica cujos objetivos são: identificar estímulos sonoros e luminosos que contribuem e que prejudicam o desenvolvimento do recém-nascido de risco na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal; discutir ações de enfermagem que promovam bem estar ao cliente. Pesquisou-se artigos publicados de 2004 a 2009 disponível na biblioteca da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora e na Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde (MEDLINE, SCIELO, LILACS), cruzando as palavras-chave: Humanização, enfermagem, recém-nascido, neonatologia, Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal, luminosidade, luz, ruído, som, estímulo, impacto. Evidenciou-se que um grave problema da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal é o ambiente superestimulante, agravando o estado de saúde do recém-nascido. A equipe de saúde tem conhecimento dos fatores prejudiciais ao paciente, mas apresenta dificuldade para mudar sua rotina de trabalho. Apesar disso, muitas pesquisas apontam Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatais com protocolos e propostas para redução dos estímulos nocivos aos recém-nascidos e favorecimento de seu desenvolvimento cognitivo e fisiológico

In vitro and in vivo activity of a hypotoxic copper(I) complex against dermotropic Leishmania species

ABSTRACT Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania and, currently, the treatment of first choice is meglumine antimoniate. However, due to its limited effectiveness and high toxicity, it is necessary to seek new active principles for leishmaniasis treatment. Metal complexes are gaining importance due to their effectiveness and low toxicity. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activity of the hypotoxic copper(I) complex [HB(pz)3]Cu(PCN). Four dermotropic species of Leishmania were tested with the metal complex and its effectiveness was determined through parasitic viability and infectivity rate, and cytotoxicity was determined using a redox dye (resazurin). For the in vivo tests, hamsters were infected and the lesions treated with a formulated ointment containing the complex, the effectiveness of which was assessed by measuring the diameter of the inoculum/snout location and determining the parasitic load. The results demonstrated moderate toxicity in murine macrophages and human monocytes and better efficacy in Leishmania (V.) braziliensis when compared to the other species tested, with a 50% reduction in the viability of promastigote and amastigote forms (in vitro). General data from daily topical treatment for up to 30 days showed low efficacy for reducing lesions, and no clinical and parasitological cure was observed in the experimental animals. Thus, the [HB(pz)3]Cu(PCN) complex proved to be promising in in vitro studies against L. (V.) braziliensis, and should be further tested in new formulations and new experimental treatment schemes

Rarity of monodominance in hyperdiverse Amazonian forests.

Tropical forests are known for their high diversity. Yet, forest patches do occur in the tropics where a single tree species is dominant. Such "monodominant" forests are known from all of the main tropical regions. For Amazonia, we sampled the occurrence of monodominance in a massive, basin-wide database of forest-inventory plots from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network (ATDN). Utilizing a simple defining metric of at least half of the trees ≥ 10 cm diameter belonging to one species, we found only a few occurrences of monodominance in Amazonia, and the phenomenon was not significantly linked to previously hypothesized life history traits such wood density, seed mass, ectomycorrhizal associations, or Rhizobium nodulation. In our analysis, coppicing (the formation of sprouts at the base of the tree or on roots) was the only trait significantly linked to monodominance. While at specific locales coppicing or ectomycorrhizal associations may confer a considerable advantage to a tree species and lead to its monodominance, very few species have these traits. Mining of the ATDN dataset suggests that monodominance is quite rare in Amazonia, and may be linked primarily to edaphic factors

Obesidade na atualidade: abordagem das principais consequências a longo prazo

Introdução: A obesidade é uma doença de etiologia multifatorial, se apresentando como uma das mais prevalentes síndromes do mundo. Tal condição pode ser definida como excesso de gordura corporal, mensurada pelo IMC. A moléstia pode apresentar diversas repercussões negativas no bem-estar do indivíduo, como doenças metabólicas e cardiovasculares, além de prejuízos sociais e psicológicos. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão narrativa acerca das principais consequências da obesidade a longo prazo. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa com buscas na Scielo, Pubmed e Lilacs, no período de 2012 a 2022, utilizando os termos chave: “obesidade”, “consequências”, “evolução médica”, “obesity” e “consequences”. Resultados: Foram selecionados 10 artigos no total, sendo 4 na Scielo, 4 no Pubmed e 2 na Lilacs, por corresponderem ao objetivo do trabalho. Discussão: A principal consequência da obesidade se apresenta nos distúrbios metabólicos, com destaque para a Diabetes tipo 2, devido ao aumento da inflamação e, portanto, da resistência à insulina. Outros impactos repercutem na osteoartrite, diversos tipos de câncer, doença renal crônica e condições que podem levar a pessoa acometida a óbito. Indivíduos obesos estão vulneráveis a questões sociais, como isolamento e discriminação e podem, portanto, desenvolver doenças psicológicas. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a obesidade deve ser tratada de forma multidisciplinar, sugerindo novos estudos relacionados aos prejuízos laborais sofridos pelos trabalhadores obesos

Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlates

Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2019-000940-MAim: To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser-availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits (resource-availability hypothesis). Time period: Tree-inventory plots established between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied: Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location: Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods: We assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and morphospecies within 1877 tree-inventory plots across terra-firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an abundance-weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic distribution of dispersal modes. Results: Anemochory was significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show significant associations with the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of endozoochory, occurred in terra-firme forests (excluding podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions: The disperser-availability hypothesis was well supported for abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory requires further research, as tree recruitment not only depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest types

Local hydrological conditions influence tree diversity and composition across the Amazon basin

Tree diversity and composition in Amazonia are known to be strongly determined by the water supplied by precipitation. Nevertheless, within the same climatic regime, water availability is modulated by local topography and soil characteristics (hereafter referred to as local hydrological conditions), varying from saturated and poorly drained to well-drained and potentially dry areas. While these conditions may be expected to influence species distribution, the impacts of local hydrological conditions on tree diversity and composition remain poorly understood at the whole Amazon basin scale. Using a dataset of 443 1-ha non-flooded forest plots distributed across the basin, we investigate how local hydrological conditions influence 1) tree alpha diversity, 2) the community-weighted wood density mean (CWM-wd) – a proxy for hydraulic resistance and 3) tree species composition. We find that the effect of local hydrological conditions on tree diversity depends on climate, being more evident in wetter forests, where diversity increases towards locations with well-drained soils. CWM-wd increased towards better drained soils in Southern and Western Amazonia. Tree species composition changed along local soil hydrological gradients in Central-Eastern, Western and Southern Amazonia, and those changes were correlated with changes in the mean wood density of plots. Our results suggest that local hydrological gradients filter species, influencing the diversity and composition of Amazonian forests. Overall, this study shows that the effect of local hydrological conditions is pervasive, extending over wide Amazonian regions, and reinforces the importance of accounting for local topography and hydrology to better understand the likely response and resilience of forests to increased frequency of extreme climate events and rising temperatures

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

AimAmazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAngiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).MethodsData for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.ResultsIn the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.Main ConclusionNumerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions