Séries temporelles: déterminants pathologiques des examens cytobiochimiques d´urines et infection urinaire entre 2011-2014 aux cliniques universitaires de Kinshasa

Introduction: l´examen cytobiochimique urinaire est un outil complémentaire le plus demandé au laboratoire à côté de l´hémogramme. Il a une grande valeur prédictive dans les infections urinaires quand il est correctement fait et scrupuleusement interprété. L´objectif de cette étude était d´évaluer l´ampleur, l´évolution, les déterminants, et les comorbidités cytobiochimiques de l´infection urinaire. Méthodes: il s´est agi d´une étude documentaire, avec des approches, descriptive, analytique et comparative portant sur des patients référés pour examens cytobiochimiques des urines aux laboratoires de Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa (CUK) entre 2011 et 2014. Résultats: au total, 8926 analyses cytobiochimiques ont été demandées avec moins de 2% d´analyses biochimiques. Les femmes étaient plus représentées (6426 femmes vs 2500 hommes) avec un sex ratio 3F:1H. Il y avait plus de demandes dans la tranche d´âge de 30-39 ans (17%; n=1517). Les analyses ont plus été demandées pendant les saisons de pluies 72% (n=3511) avec le pic pendant les mois de mai. Les infections urinaires estimées à 54,8% [n=4892 ajusté dont E. coli (n=1937), Klebsiella (n= 993)] étaient plus diagnostiqués pendant la période de 2012 à 2014. Il existait une association indépendante et significative entre le sexe féminin (OR aj = 3,5; IC = 95%; 3,1-3,8; P<0,0001, l´admission pendant les saisons de pluies (OR aj = 1,3, IC = 95%; 1,2-1,4; P<0,0001 et l´infection urinaire. Conclusion: l´infection urinaire émerge comme une préoccupation majeure pour les patients de sexe féminin et admises pendant les saisons de pluies et les années 2012-2014 de la série de 2011 à 2014 aux CUK. La rareté de l´infection urinaire était observée au cours de l´année La Nina 2011 post-l´année trop chaude EL Nino alors que l´ampleur de l´infection urinaire était coexistante pendant les années 2012-2014 normales relativement chaudes pré-l´année très chaude El Nino 2015. Il existe donc une interaction entre le climat tropical chaud et humide de la ville de Kinshasa et le climat global (mondial) froid dans le cadre de la variabilité climatique/réchauffement climatique, pouvant expliquer la flambée des infections urinaire à Kinshasa

Cross-modal effects on learning: a seismic stimulus improves color discrimination learning in a jumping spider

The production of multimodal signals during animal displays is extremely common, and the function of such complex signaling has received much attention. Currently, the most frequently explored hypotheses regarding the evolution and function of complex signaling focus on the signal and/or signaler, or the signaling environment, while much less attention has been placed on the receivers. However, recent studies using vertebrates suggest that receiver psychology (e.g. learning and memory) may play a large role in the evolution of complex signaling. To date, the influence of multimodal cues on receiver learning and/or memory has not been studied in invertebrates. Here, we test the hypothesis that the presence of a seismic (vibratory) stimulus improves color discrimination learning in the jumping spider Habronattus dossenus. Using a heat-aversion learning experiment, we found evidence for a cross-modal effect on color learning. Over a series of training trials, individuals exposed to a seismic stimulus jumped onto the heated color less frequently and remained there for less time than did individuals not exposed to a seismic stimulus. In addition, in a final no-heat test trial, individuals from the seismic-present treatment were more likely to avoid the previously heated color than were individuals from the seismic-absent treatment. This is the first study to demonstrate a cross-modal influence on learning in an invertebrate

Early exposure to odors changes later visual prey preferences in cuttlefish.

International audienceDevelopmental studies have shown that environmental stimulation received by a developing sensory system can alter the developmental outcome of both that sensory system and other aspects of the nervous system. We investigated the ecologically relevant question of whether prior exposure to prey early in development within one sensory modality could influence later prey choice within a different sensory modality. Cuttlefish are visual predators; they can detect prey odors but attacks on prey cannot be elicited without visual stimulation. Cuttlefish eggs were exposed to the odor of shrimp (preferred prey), crabs (non-preferred prey), mollusks (non-prey), or a seawater control (no prey). Seven days after hatching, prey preferences were tested with a visual choice test between crabs and shrimp. Hatchlings exposed to crabs odors and the seawater control were significantly more likely to attack shrimp. Hatchlings exposed to mollusk odors showed no visual prey preference, while those exposed to shrimp preferentially attacked crabs. These results demonstrate a complex relationship between an early sensory exposure and later prey preferenc

2002 Research Honors Program Abstracts

Faculty in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Cornell University mentor and guide undergraduate students who have chosen to pursue a research project and graduate with honors. These abstracts reflect the depth of their scholarship and intellectual ability. The research projects encompass work in animal science, biological science, entomology, natural resources, physical science, plant science, and social science