1,772 research outputs found
tsdownsample: high-performance time series downsampling for scalable visualization
Interactive line chart visualizations greatly enhance the effective
exploration of large time series. Although downsampling has emerged as a
well-established approach to enable efficient interactive visualization of
large datasets, it is not an inherent feature in most visualization tools.
Furthermore, there is no library offering a convenient interface for
high-performance implementations of prominent downsampling algorithms. To
address these shortcomings, we present tsdownsample, an open-source Python
package specifically designed for CPU-based, in-memory time series
downsampling. Our library focuses on performance and convenient integration,
offering optimized implementations of leading downsampling algorithms. We
achieve this optimization by leveraging low-level SIMD instructions and
multithreading capabilities in Rust. In particular, SIMD instructions were
employed to optimize the argmin and argmax operations. This SIMD optimization,
along with some algorithmic tricks, proved crucial in enhancing the performance
of various downsampling algorithms. We evaluate the performance of tsdownsample
and demonstrate its interoperability with an established visualization
framework. Our performance benchmarks indicate that the algorithmic runtime of
tsdownsample approximates the CPU's memory bandwidth. This work marks a
significant advancement in bringing high-performance time series downsampling
to the Python ecosystem, enabling scalable visualization. The open-source code
can be found at https://github.com/predict-idlab/tsdownsampleComment: Submitted to Software
Plotly-Resampler: Effective Visual Analytics for Large Time Series
Visual analytics is arguably the most important step in getting acquainted
with your data. This is especially the case for time series, as this data type
is hard to describe and cannot be fully understood when using for example
summary statistics. To realize effective time series visualization, four
requirements have to be met; a tool should be (1) interactive, (2) scalable to
millions of data points, (3) integrable in conventional data science
environments, and (4) highly configurable. We observe that open source Python
visualization toolkits empower data scientists in most visual analytics tasks,
but lack the combination of scalability and interactivity to realize effective
time series visualization. As a means to facilitate these requirements, we
created Plotly-Resampler, an open source Python library. Plotly-Resampler is an
add-on for Plotly's Python bindings, enhancing line chart scalability on top of
an interactive toolkit by aggregating the underlying data depending on the
current graph view. Plotly-Resampler is built to be snappy, as the reactivity
of a tool qualitatively affects how analysts visually explore and analyze data.
A benchmark task highlights how our toolkit scales better than alternatives in
terms of number of samples and time series. Additionally, Plotly-Resampler's
flexible data aggregation functionality paves the path towards researching
novel aggregation techniques. Plotly-Resampler's integrability, together with
its configurability, convenience, and high scalability, allows to effectively
analyze high-frequency data in your day-to-day Python environment.Comment: The first two authors contributed equally. Accepted at IEEE VIS 202
Do Not Sleep on Linear Models: Simple and Interpretable Techniques Outperform Deep Learning for Sleep Scoring
Over the last few years, research in automatic sleep scoring has mainly
focused on developing increasingly complex deep learning architectures.
However, recently these approaches achieved only marginal improvements, often
at the expense of requiring more data and more expensive training procedures.
Despite all these efforts and their satisfactory performance, automatic sleep
staging solutions are not widely adopted in a clinical context yet. We argue
that most deep learning solutions for sleep scoring are limited in their
real-world applicability as they are hard to train, deploy, and reproduce.
Moreover, these solutions lack interpretability and transparency, which are
often key to increase adoption rates. In this work, we revisit the problem of
sleep stage classification using classical machine learning. Results show that
state-of-the-art performance can be achieved with a conventional machine
learning pipeline consisting of preprocessing, feature extraction, and a simple
machine learning model. In particular, we analyze the performance of a linear
model and a non-linear (gradient boosting) model. Our approach surpasses
state-of-the-art (that uses the same data) on two public datasets: Sleep-EDF
SC-20 (MF1 0.810) and Sleep-EDF ST (MF1 0.795), while achieving competitive
results on Sleep-EDF SC-78 (MF1 0.775) and MASS SS3 (MF1 0.817). We show that,
for the sleep stage scoring task, the expressiveness of an engineered feature
vector is on par with the internally learned representations of deep learning
models. This observation opens the door to clinical adoption, as a
representative feature vector allows to leverage both the interpretability and
successful track record of traditional machine learning models.Comment: The first two authors contributed equally. Submitted to Biomedical
Signal Processing and Contro
Prospectives
Tiré de: Prospectives, vol. 4, no 2 (avril 1968)Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 24 janv. 2013
Addressing Data Quality Challenges in Observational Ambulatory Studies: Analysis, Methodologies and Practical Solutions for Wrist-worn Wearable Monitoring
Chronic disease management and follow-up are vital for realizing sustained
patient well-being and optimal health outcomes. Recent advancements in wearable
sensing technologies, particularly wrist-worn devices, offer promising
solutions for longitudinal patient follow-up by shifting from subjective,
intermittent self-reporting to objective, continuous monitoring. However,
collecting and analyzing wearable data presents unique challenges, such as data
entry errors, non-wear periods, missing wearable data, and wearable artifacts.
We therefore present an in-depth exploration of data analysis challenges tied
to wrist-worn wearables and ambulatory label acquisition, using two real-world
datasets (i.e., mBrain21 and ETRI lifelog2020). We introduce novel practical
countermeasures, including participant compliance visualizations,
interaction-triggered questionnaires to assess personal bias, and an optimized
wearable non-wear detection pipeline. Further, we propose a visual analytics
approach to validate processing pipelines using scalable tools such as tsflex
and Plotly-Resampler. Lastly, we investigate the impact of missing wearable
data on "window-of-interest" analysis methodologies. Prioritizing transparency
and reproducibility, we offer open access to our detailed code examples,
facilitating adaptation in future wearable research. In conclusion, our
contributions provide actionable approaches for wearable data collection and
analysis in chronic disease management.Comment: 29 pages, 16 figure
Ce que la polĂ©mique fait aux Ćuvres : une Ă©tude en trois temps de controverses dans l'art contemporain
Cette thĂšse a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e avec l'appui financier du Fonds de recherche du QuĂ©bec â SociĂ©tĂ© et culture (FRQSC).Souvent relĂ©guĂ©es aux marges de lâhistoire de lâart, les controverses nâen ont pas moins un effet Ă©minemment transformateur : elles font quelque chose aux Ćuvres. ConsacrĂ©e Ă lâĂ©tude de polĂ©miques rĂ©centes touchant des Ćuvres dâart contemporain, cette thĂšse met en lumiĂšre ce qui naĂźt de ces conflits, Ă savoir de nouveaux objets, de nouveaux acteurs et de nouveaux modes opĂ©ratoires. Lâanalyse sâarticule autour de trois cas : la censure du film « A Fire in My Belly » (1986-1987) de David Wojnarowicz Ă la National Portrait Gallery de Washington, D.C. en 2010, le blanchiment dâune murale du street artist Blu rĂ©alisĂ©e au Museum of Contemporary Art de Los Angeles la mĂȘme annĂ©e et, enfin, la destruction de « Dialogue avec lâhistoire » (1987) en 2015, Ćuvre dâart public conçue par Jean Pierre Raynaud pour la Place de Paris Ă QuĂ©bec. Ces controverses signalent la mise en place dâune dynamique inĂ©dite quant au rĂŽle exercĂ© par la circulation dâimages dans le dĂ©veloppement des polĂ©miques : ces reproductions, dissĂ©minĂ©es de maniĂšre soutenue dans le web, et plus gĂ©nĂ©ralement Ă travers diffĂ©rentes dĂ©clinaisons de lâespace public, inflĂ©chissent les trajectoires des Ćuvres. Ceci leur procure non seulement une visibilitĂ© accrue, mais leurs modes dâexistence sâen trouvent par consĂ©quent modifiĂ©s, les Ćuvres vivant pour ainsi dire par lâentremise dâimages fixes ou animĂ©es qui prolifĂšrent en ligne. Prenant appui sur la conception pragmatiste des publics (Dewey), de mĂȘme que sur la sociologie de lâacteur-rĂ©seau et les thĂ©ories de la mĂ©diation, nous Ă©tudions par ailleurs la formation de collectifs nĂ©s conjointement Ă cette dissĂ©mination dâimages « virales ». Des acteurs impliquĂ©s dans les controverses, quâil sâagisse dâartistes ou dâactivistes, entreprennent notamment de faire rĂ©apparaĂźtre les Ćuvres censurĂ©es ou disparues sous diverses formes, incluant des rĂ©pliques, des Ćuvres dĂ©rivĂ©es ou encore des mĂšmes Internet. Nous dĂ©montrons que ce phĂ©nomĂšne de rĂ©appropriation, inexistant lors de polĂ©miques artistiques antĂ©rieures aux annĂ©es 2010, est liĂ© aux dynamiques de partage apparues avec le « web 2.0 ».While they are often relegated to the margins of art history, controversies nevertheless have an eminently transformative effect : they do something to artworks. Devoted to the study of recent debates surrounding contemporary works, this thesis brings into light what arises from these conflicts, namely new objects, new actors, and new modi operandi. The analysis is structured around three case studies: the censorship of the film âA Fire in My Bellyâ (1986-1987) by David Wojnarowicz at the National Portrait Gallery in Washington, D.C. in 2010, the whitewash of a mural by street artist Blu at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles that took place the same year, and the destruction of âDialogue avec lâhistoireâ (1987) in 2015, a work of public art created by Jean Pierre Raynaud for the Place de Paris in QuĂ©bec City. These controversies reveal that there is a new dynamic taking place regarding the role of circulating images in the unfolding of such debates: these reproductions, extensively disseminated in the web, and more generally in public spaces and the public sphere, shape the artworksâ trajectories. Not only does this confers them a higher visibility, but their very modes of existence are modified in this process, works get to live, in a manner of speaking, through fixed or animated images that proliferate online. Drawing upon a pragmatist approach to publics (Dewey), actor-network theory, and sociology of mediation, we also study the forming of collectives born jointly with this dissemination of âviralâ images. Actors involved in the controversies, either artists or activists, seek to make the censored or destroyed works reappear in various forms, including replicas, derivative works or even Internet memes. We demonstrate that this phenomenon of appropriation, inexistent during controversies prior to the 2010s, is linked to sharing dynamics that appeared with the âweb 2.0â
Sportsman's hernia? An ambiguous term.
Groin pain is common in athletes. Yet, there is disagreement on aetiology, pathomechanics and terminology. A plethora of terms have been employed to explain inguinal-related groin pain in athletes. Recently, at the British Hernia Society in Manchester 2012, a consensus was reached to use the term inguinal disruption based on the pathophysiology while lately the Doha agreement in 2014 defined it as inguinal-related groin pain, a clinically based taxonomy. This review article emphasizes the anatomy, pathogenesis, standard clinical assessment and imaging, and highlights the treatment options for inguinal disruption
Orthopedic surgery increases atherosclerotic lesions and necrotic core area in ApoE-/- mice
Background and aims Observational studies show a peak incidence of cardiovascular events after major surgery. For example, the risk of myocardial infarction increases 25-fold early after hip replacement. The acuteness of this increased risk suggests abrupt enhancement in plaque vulnerability, which may be related to intra-plaque inflammation, thinner fibrous cap and/or necrotic core expansion. We hypothesized that acute systemic inflammation following major orthopedic surgery induces such changes. Methods ApoEâ/â mice were fed a western diet for 10 weeks. Thereafter, half the mice underwent mid-shaft femur osteotomy followed by realignment with an intramedullary K-wire, to mimic major orthopedic surgery. Mice were sacrificed 5 or 15 days post-surgery (n = 22) or post-saline injection (n = 13). Serum amyloid A (SAA) was measured as a marker of systemic inflammation. Paraffin embedded slides of the aortic root were stained to measure total plaque area and to quantify fibrosis, calcification, necrotic core, and inflammatory cells. Results Surgery mice showed a pronounced elevation of serum amyloid A (SAA) and developed increased plaque and necrotic core area already at 5 days, which reached significance at 15 days (p = 0.019; p = 0.004 for plaque and necrotic core, respectively). Macrophage and lymphocyte density significantly decreased in the surgery group compared to the control group at 15 days (p = 0.037; p = 0.024, respectively). The density of neutrophils and mast cells remained unchanged. Conclusions Major orthopedic surgery in ApoEâ/â mice triggers a systemic inflammatory response. Atherosclerotic plaque area is enlarged after surgery mainly due to an increase of the necrotic core. The role of intra-plaque inflammation in this response to surgical injury remains to be fully elucidated. © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Lt
- âŠ