Profiles of psychological well-being and coping strategies among university students

[Abstract] In the transactional model of stress, coping responses are the key to preventing the stress response. In this study,the possible role o fpsychological well-being as a personal determinant of coping strategies in th eacademic context wa sanalyzed. Specifically, the study has two objectives: (a) to identify different profiles of students according to their level of psychological well-being; and (b) to analyze the differences between these profiles in the use of three coping strategies (positive reappraisal, supportseeking, and planning). Age, gender, and degree were estimated as covariables. A total of 1,072 university students participated in the study. Latent profile analysis was applied to four indices of psychologica lwell-being: self-acceptance, environmental mastery, purpose in life, and personal growth. An optimal four-profile solution, reflecting significant incremental shifts from low to very high psychological well-being, was obtained. As predicted, the profile membership distinguished between participants in positive reappraisal, support-seeking, and planning. Importantly, the higher the profile of psychological well-being was, the higher the use of the three coping strategies. Gender differences in coping strategies were observed, but no interaction effects with psychological well-being were found. Age and degree were not relevant in explaining the use of coping strategies.These results suggest that psychological well-being stands as an important personal resource to favor adaptive coping strategies for academic stress

Suicidio y trabajo social

El objetivo del presente artículo consiste en ofrecer una aproximación sobre el suicidio, para ello nos centramos en el análisis de cuáles  serían los posibles factores de riesgo y en las estadísticas de fallecimientos cuya casuística sea el suicidio.Se contemplará de qué forma se están llevando a cabo las acciones preventivas respecto a la conducta suicida.Finalmente, trataremos las intervenciones que se producen desde el Trabajo Social con personas con tentativas suicidas y para el afrontamiento del proceso del duelo por suicidio, ya que al ser muerte inesperada  la angustia por la pérdida es más aguda y traumática.GRUPO DE INVESTIGACION PAIDI-SEJ-452Artículo revisado por pare

Incidencia de la migración en la imagen corporal de dos jóvenes indígenas.

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de una investigación cualitativa realizada con dos jóvenes indígenas de los pueblos Misak y Pastos, que migraron desde sus comunidades a la Universidad del Valle - Sede Meléndez en Cali, Colombia. La investigación se orientó a indagar en los efectos de la migración en la configuración de su imagen corporal; por lo cual, se reconocen las características anteriores a la misma, las condiciones en que se presentó y la experiencia post migratoria. Se encontró a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, relatos, fotografías y cartografía corporal, desde el enfoque de la psicología clínica cultural, que la configuración de la imagen corporal de las participantes, adquirió mayor arraigo a su identidad étnica como mujeres indígenas a partir del proceso migratorio y el contacto con un espacio intercultural como Meléndez.PregradoPSICOLOGO(A

Hysteroscopic versus histopathological agreement in the diagnosis of chronic endometritis: results from a retrospective observational study

Purpose: To evaluate the agreement rate between hysteroscopy and pathological examination in case of chronic endometritis. Methods: A retrospective observational study carried out at Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Puerta de Hierro Hospital, Autónoma University of Madrid, Spain, from January 2021 to June 2022 was performed by obtaining data from 115 medical records of women who underwent office hysteroscopies that was compared with the findings of final histological examination of endometrial biopsy. Cohen's kappa index was used to evaluate this agreement rate. In addition, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy were obtained. Results: The agreement between hysteroscopic findings and histological examination showed a modest result with a Cohen's kappa index of 34%. In addition, we obtained a specificity of 70% and a sensitivity of 64%. The positive and negative predictive value were 60.8% and 73.4%, respectively. An excellent agreement rate (100%) between histological and hysteroscopic results was observed in presence of hyperemia and micropolyps. Conclusion: Although the sample size is not as large as that of other studies published so far, the first glance of our experience is that hysteroscopic signs are not yet sufficient to make an accurate diagnosis of chronic endometritis, thus requiring a histopathological confirmation to make it

El costo de producci?n en las empresas agropecuarias

Dirigido a los trabajadores de las cooperativas agrarias de producci?n (CAP) y otras empresas agropecuarias, su finalidad es proporcionar conocimientos b?sicos sobre la estimaci?n y el control de los costos de producci?n. Las CAP son uno de los modelos empresariales del sector asociativo en el agro reconocidas legalmente. La caracter?stica esencial de estas empresas es que todos los trabajadores socios son due?os de la tierra, maquinaria, herramientas, edificios, lo que les da derecho a participar en la gesti?n de la empresa. Esto significa que ser?n responsables de trazar los objetivos y planes de la CAP, elegir a sus ?rganos de gobierno, aprobar el ejercicio econ?mico, decidir qu? hacer con el remanente neto y c?mo distribuir el excedente, decisiones que se toman en asamblea general. El ejercicio de estos derechos hace necesario que los socios conozcan c?mo desarrolla la empresa sus actividades productivas, administrativas y de servicios, y c?mo estas se relacionan entre s?. Sin embargo, la experiencia de funcionamiento de las CAP demuestra que existen ciertas deficiencias en su gesti?n, una de las cuales es la relacionada con la estimaci?n y el control de los costos de producci?n. La finalidad de este libro es contribuir a mejorar la gesti?n de estas empresas capacitando a sus trabajadores en procedimientos t?cnicos para la estimaci?n, el registro y el control de los costos de producci?n

Complications of Pessaries Amenable to Surgical Correction: Two Case Reports and a Systematic Review of the Literature

Forty percent of women will experience prolapse in their lifetime. Vaginal pessaries are considered the first line of treatment in selected patients. Major complications of vaginal pessaries rarely occur. Methods: PubMed and Embase were searched from 1961 to 2022 for major complications of vaginal pessaries using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and free-text terms. The keywords were pessary or pessaries and: vaginal discharge, incontinence, entrapment, urinary infections, fistula, complications, and vaginal infection. The exclusion criteria were other languages than English, pregnancy, complications without a prior history of pessary placement, pessaries unregistered for clinical practice (herbal pessaries), or male patients. The extracted data included symptoms, findings upon examination, infection, type of complication, extragenital symptoms, and treatment. Results: We identified 1874 abstracts and full text articles; 54 were assessed for eligibility and 49 met the inclusion criteria. These 49 studies included data from 66 patients with pessary complications amenable to surgical correction. Clavien–Dindo classification was used to grade the complications. Most patients presented with vaginal symptoms such as bleeding, discharge, or ulceration. The most frequent complications were pessary incarceration and fistulas. Surgical treatment included removal of the pessary under local or general anesthesia, fistula repair, hysterectomy and vaginal repair, and the management of bleeding. Conclusions: Pessaries are a reasonable and durable treatment for pelvic organ prolapse. Complications are rare. Routine follow-ups are necessary. The ideal patient candidate must be able to remove and reintroduce their pessary on a regular basis; if not, this must be performed by a healthcare worker at regular interval

Action boosts episodic memory encoding in humans via engagement of a noradrenergic system

We are constantly interacting with our environment whilst we encode memories. However, how actions influence memory formation remains poorly understood. Goal-directed movement engages the locus coeruleus (LC), the main source of noradrenaline in the brain. Noradrenaline is also known to enhance episodic encoding, suggesting that action could improve memory via LC engagement. Here we demonstrate, across seven experiments, that action (Go-response) enhances episodic encoding for stimuli unrelated to the action itself, compared to action inhibition (NoGo). Functional magnetic resonance imaging, and pupil diameter as a proxy measure for LC-noradrenaline transmission, indicate increased encodingrelated LC activity during action. A final experiment, replicated in two independent samples, confirmed a novel prediction derived from these data that emotionally aversive stimuli, which recruit the noradrenergic system, modulate the mnemonic advantage conferred by Go-responses relative to neutral stimuli. We therefore provide converging evidence that action boosts episodic memory encoding via a noradrenergic mechanism

Panorama epidemiológico y clínico de la cardiopatía chagásica crónica en México

OBJECTIVE: To compare the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of chronic Chagas' heart disease to other dilated cardiomyopathies. METHODS: A study comprising 128 patients from a heart disease center was carried out from 1993 to 2003. Of them, 51 (40%) were Trypasonoma cruzi positive. Epidemiological data was obtained through interviews and clinical and serological data from health services. Statistic analysis was conducted using the Chi-square, Fischer, Mann-Whitney or Students' t-test as well as multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Chronic Chagas' disease patients were older (55±10 years old) than those patients with cardiopathy (42±17 years old). Most of them were born in rural areas (90% vs 68%), lived in poor (75% vs 16%), crowded households (45% vs 20%), together with domestic animals (71% vs 61%) and were aware of the Chagas' vector (73% vs 25%). Rhythm and conduction ECG abnormalities as well as permanent pacemaker were common among Chagas' patients (84% vs 55%, 78% vs 64% and 24% vs 10%, respectively). Congestive heart failure was more frequent among cardiomiopathy patients (88% vs 71%). Both groups had abnormal myocardial perfusion with normal epicardial arteries. Comorbidities were more frequent in cardiomiopathy patients than in chronic Chagas' disease patient (two cases only). CONCLUSIONS: Chagas' disease is the most common cause of dilated cardiomiopathy in the study hospital. Due to its regional distribution in Mexico, it deserves special attention and control programs proven to be effective in other countries.OBJECTIVO: Comparar las características epidemiológicas y clínicas de la cardiopatía chagásica crónica con otras miocardiopatías dilatadas. MÉTODOS: Se incluyeron a 128 pacientes consecutivos en un hospital de espcialidad, de 1993 a 2003 con miocardiopatías dilatadas, donde 51 (40%) con anti Tripanosoma cruzi. Se recopiló información epidemiológica por entrevista directa, y datos clínicos en los servicios asistenciales. Se utilizaron la prueba de la Chi-cuadrado o prueba exacta de Fischer, prueba t de Student ó la prueba de U de Mann Whitney y análisis multivariado. RESULTADOS: Los pacientes con cardiopatía chagásica crónica, eran más viejos (55±10 años) que los pacientes con miocardiopatías (42±17 años), nacieron en zonas rurales (90% vs 68%), en viviendas precarias (75% vs 16%), con hacinamiento (45% vs 20%), convivencia con animales domésticos (71% vs 61%) y conocían al vector (73% vs 25%). Los trastornos del ritmo y de la conducción, así como la colocación de marcapaso definitivo fueron frecuentes en los pacientes con cardiopatía chagásica crónica (84% vs 55%, 78% vs 64% Y 24% vs 10% respectivamente). La insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva venosa fue más frecuente en los pacientes con miocardiopatía seronegativa (88% vs 71%) y la perfusión miocárdic anormal con arterias epicárdicas normales fue igual en ambos grupos. Con respecto a co-morbilidad, los pacientes con cardiopatía chagásica crónica tenían sólo dos padecimientos, mientras que en el otro grupo era más amplia. CONCLUSIÓNES: La enfermedad de Chagas causa la miocardiopatía dilatada específica más común. Debido a su distribución regional en la República Mexicana, merece atención y se recomienda a nivel público adoptar medidas de prevención que ya probaron eficacia en otros países

Seroprevalence and epidemiology of hepatitis B and C viruses in pregnant women in Spain. Risk factors for vertical transmission

Background & aim Worldwide, measures are being implemented to eradicate hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses, which can be transmitted from the mother during childbirth. This study aims to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV in pregnant women in Spain, focusing on country of origin, epidemiological factors and risk of vertical transmission (VT). Methodology Multicentre open-cohort study performed during 2015. HBV prevalence was determined in 21870 pregnant women and HCV prevalence in 7659 pregnant women. Epidemiological and risk factors for VT were analysed in positive women and differences between HBV and HCV cases were studied. Results HBV prevalence was 0.42% (91/21870) and HCV prevalence was 0.26% (20/7659). Of the women with HBV, 65.7% (44/67) were migrants. The HBV transmission route to the mother was unknown in 40.3% of cases (27/67) and VT in 31.3% (21/67). Among risk factors for VT, 67.7% (42/62) of the women had viraemia and 14.5% (9/62) tested HBeAg-positive. All of the neonates born to HBV-positive mothers received immunoprophylaxis, and none contracted infection by VT. In 80% (16/20) of the women with HCV, the transmission route was parenteral, and nine were intravenous drug users. Viraemia was present in 40% (8/20) of the women and 10% (2/20) were HIV-coinfected. No children were infected. Women with HCV were less likely than women with HBV to breastfeed their child (65% vs. 86%). Conclusions The prevalences obtained in our study of pregnant women are lower than those previously documented for the general population. Among the women with HBV, the majority were migrants and had a maternal family history of infection, while among those with HCV, the most common factor was intravenous drug use. Despite the risk factors observed for VT, none of the children were infected. Proper immunoprophylaxis is essential to prevent VT in children born to HBV-positive women.This study received financial assistance from the following: Ciberehd, Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias del Instituto de Salud Carlos III. ISCIII, Proyecto del Plan Nacional I+D+i 2013-2016 (PI13/01925), Confinanciacio´n Fondos FEDER. Gilead Fellowship Program (GLD14-00292 and GLD15-00307)