Is knowledge exchange and combination always useful for innovation?

Using the resource-based view, this paper aims to provide a better understanding of the effect of knowledge on innovation. With this general aim in mind, we relate knowledge’s nature (tacit vs. explicit) and the process (e.g., knowledge exchange and combination) to innovation. Using a sample of 105 marketing and 176 R&D managers from 105 innovative firms, we find a positive linear effect of tacit knowledge on innovation and a U-shaped relationship between knowledge exchange and combination and innovation. We also find an enhancing effect of tacit knowledge on the first part of the curvilinear relationship between knowledge exchange and combination and innovation.: R&D, patents, knowledge, inventions

How does knowledge matter patenting inventions?

While there is robust empirical evidence that firm patenting is positively associated with various measures of overall performance and competitiveness, less is known about what determines the patenting choice. For this reason, this paper examines whether R&D expenditure and the type of knowledge used in the invention determine the decision to patent. With this aim, we use a sample of firms and the European Patent Office to analyse how the combination of R&D expenditure and knowledge codifiability, observability and simplicity influences the patent decision. Our results contribute to the literature and assist R&D managers by showing that both R&D and codified knowledge have a positive impact on the number of inventions patented by a firm, while observable knowledge has a negative impact on patents. Furthermore, we find that the effect of R&D expenditure on the propensity to patent inventions is negatively moderated by knowledge observability and simplicity.: R&D, patents, knowledge, invent

La generación de confianza en un contexto de intercambio social: la relación supervisor-supervisado

ResumenEl objetivo de este trabajo consiste en averiguar si habituales factores generadores de confianza en contextos organizativos de intercambio económico actúan de igual forma cuando son aplicados en un contexto de intercambio social. Analizando la relación interpersonal supervisor-supervisado y variables como la justicia distributiva, los valores compartidos, la ruptura del contrato psicológico y el empowerment psicológico sobre una muestra de 519profesores universitarios, se concluye que si bien la justicia organizativa y los valores contribuyen a generar la confianza del supervisado, la ruptura del contrato psicológico la disminuye. Respecto del empowerment, las dimensiones «significado» y «autodeterminación» funcionan como antecedentes de la confianza, mientras que la «competencia» y el «impacto» muestran relaciones no significativas con la variable dependiente señalada.AbstractThe aim of this paper is to figure out if common trust generator factors in economic exchange contexts perform equally when they are applied to social exchange contexts. Analysing the relationship supervisor-subordinate and variables such as distributive justice, shared values, psychological contract breach and psychological empowerment on a sample of 519faculties, we conclude that distributive justice and shared values improve subordinate’ trust while psychological contract breach reduce it. Regarding psychological empowerment, we conclude that meaning and self-determination dimensions work out like trust antecedents but competence and impact do not show significant relationships with dependent variable

Capital riesgo e innovación: un análisis en la comunidad europea

The figure of risk capital has turned into a current issue in economic life and literature, mostly when we analyse the financial sources of small and médium innovative compahies. This article is directed lo study the development of risk capital in different countries in the European Economic Community, using as a conducting thread of the analysis the supposed relation hetween Risk Capital and Innovation.La figure du Capital Risque est devenue un theme d'actualité dans la vie et la littérature économiques, surtout au moment d'analyser les sources de financement des petites et moyennes entreprises innovatrices. Le présent article s'oriente á étudier le développement du Capital Risque dans les différents pays de la Communauté Européenne, en utilisant comme fil conducteur de Tanalyse la supposée relation entre Capital Risque et Innovation

Are ambidextrous intellectual capital and HRM needed for an ambidextrous learning?

Organizational learning has become increasingly important for strategic renewal. Ambidextrous organizations are specially succesfull in current environment, where firms require efficiency and adaptation to changes. Organizational ambidexterity is still in the process of developing into a new research paradigm in organizational research. In this study, we discuss arguments about the ambidextrous character, we identify the intellectual capital characteristics that better support learning types, the HRM practices adequate for the components of intellectual capital, and if the organizational intellectual capital plays any mediating role in the relationship between HRM practices and organizational learning.Universidad Pablo de Olavide. Departamento de Organización de Empresas y Marketin

Talent identification and location: A configurational approach to talent pools

Purpose: Talent management (TM) has become a strategic priority for companies seeking to identify employees with outstanding performances and the potential to hold strategic positions in the future. In fact, talent is considered an intangible capital that adds value to the organisation. However, there are only a handful of studies in the literature that address the process of identifying talent in organisations for its subsequent development. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to reach a better understanding of the process of identifying and locating talent, while proposing a configurational approach as a theoretical framework for grouping talented individuals into different configurations or talent pools to initiate talent development in firms. Design/methodology: Case study methodology research based on four companies that have implemented TM programmes in Spain. Findings: The research questions formulated here and the case studies shed light on the process of identifying talent and on the criteria for grouping it in order to facilitate its future development. Our results highlight the following. First, talent means people with certain characteristics. Second, companies focus more on developing the talent identified than on considering the innate nature of that talent. Finally, talent can be found throughout an organisation, in both management and non-management positions. In turn, we conclude with the relevant theoretical contribution of the configurational approach to explain that a company's future competitive advantage is based on the different talent pools existing in its organisation that group talent for its differential management. Practical implications: Our results imply major recommendations for companies on how to identify talent and group it into talent pools in order to implement a process of differentiated management involving a range of temporal pathways. Originality/value: The identification and location of talent, as well as grouping it into talent pools, is an essential prior process for proposing the talent architecture that is so much in demand in the literature

Constraints on the χ_(c1) versus χ_(c2) polarizations in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV

The polarizations of promptly produced χ_(c1) and χ_(c2) mesons are studied using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, in proton-proton collisions at √s=8  TeV. The χ_c states are reconstructed via their radiative decays χ_c → J/ψγ, with the photons being measured through conversions to e⁺e⁻, which allows the two states to be well resolved. The polarizations are measured in the helicity frame, through the analysis of the χ_(c2) to χ_(c1) yield ratio as a function of the polar or azimuthal angle of the positive muon emitted in the J/ψ → μ⁺μ⁻ decay, in three bins of J/ψ transverse momentum. While no differences are seen between the two states in terms of azimuthal decay angle distributions, they are observed to have significantly different polar anisotropies. The measurement favors a scenario where at least one of the two states is strongly polarized along the helicity quantization axis, in agreement with nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics predictions. This is the first measurement of significantly polarized quarkonia produced at high transverse momentum

Measurement of the azimuthal anisotropy of Y(1S) and Y(2S) mesons in PbPb collisions at √S^{S}NN = 5.02 TeV

The second-order Fourier coefficients (υ$_{2}$) characterizing the azimuthal distributions of Υ(1S) and Υ(2S) mesons produced in PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV are studied. The Υmesons are reconstructed in their dimuon decay channel, as measured by the CMS detector. The collected data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.7 nb$^{-1}$. The scalar product method is used to extract the υ$_{2}$ coefficients of the azimuthal distributions. Results are reported for the rapidity range |y| < 2.4, in the transverse momentum interval 0 < p$_{T}$ < 50 GeV/c, and in three centrality ranges of 10–30%, 30–50% and 50–90%. In contrast to the J/ψ mesons, the measured υ$_{2}$ values for the Υ mesons are found to be consistent with zero

Search for strongly interacting massive particles generating trackless jets in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV

A search for dark matter in the form of strongly interacting massive particles (SIMPs) using the CMS detector at the LHC is presented. The SIMPs would be produced in pairs that manifest themselves as pairs of jets without tracks. The energy fraction of jets carried by charged particles is used as a key discriminator to suppress efficiently the large multijet background, and the remaining background is estimated directly from data. The search is performed using proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 16.1 fb - 1 , collected with the CMS detector in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed above the expected background. For the simplified dark matter model under consideration, SIMPs with masses up to 100 GeV are excluded and further sensitivity is explored towards higher masses

Search for the lepton flavor violating decay τ → 3μ in proton-proton collisions at s \sqrt{\mathrm{s}} = 13 TeV

Results are reported from a search for the lepton flavor violating decay τ → 3μ in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{\mathrm{s}}$ = 13 TeV. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 33.2 fb$^{-1}$ recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2016. The search exploits τ leptons produced in both W boson and heavy-flavor hadron decays. No significant excess above the expected background is observed. An upper limit on the branching fraction B(τ → 3μ) of 8.0 x 10$^{-8}$ at 90% confidence level is obtained, with an expected upper limit of 6.9 x 10$^{-8}$