Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales: de las sombras a las luces

Not availableEn este artículo se analiza la presencia de la mujer en las escalas del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) centrándonos en el Área de Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Los datos indican que algo se ha hecho mal desde el principio para que un área tan joven presente cifiras tan alarmantes de desigualdad de género, con sólo un 3% de Profesoras de Investigación cuando las mujeres representan el 31% del personal científico del área. Es una realidad la existencia de un techo de cristal que impide que las mujeres alcancen los puestos de máxima responsabilidad. Tanto las mujeres jóvenes como los hombres no son aún muy conscientes de su existencia, no se ve, es transparente, sólo te topas con él cuando tratas de atravesarlo. No se manifiesta de igual manera en todos los Centros, en algunos es más frágil, en otros es cristal blindado

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Incidence of Suicidal Behaviors: A Retrospective Analysis of Integrated Electronic Health Records in a Population of 7.5 Million

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused remarkable psychological overwhelming and an increase in stressors that may trigger suicidal behaviors. However, its impact on the rate of suicidal behaviors has been poorly reported. We conducted a population-based retrospective analysis of all suicidal behaviors attended in healthcare centers of Catalonia (northeast Spain; 7.5 million inhabitants) between January 2017 and June 2022 (secondary use of data routinely reported to central suicide and diagnosis registries). We retrieved data from this period, including an assessment of suicide risk and individuals' socioeconomic as well as clinical characteristics. Data were summarized yearly and for the periods before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain in March 2020. The analysis included 26,458 episodes of suicidal behavior (21,920 individuals); of these, 16,414 (62.0%) were suicide attempts. The monthly moving average ranged between 300 and 400 episodes until July 2020, and progressively increased to over 600 episodes monthly. In the postpandemic period, suicidal ideation increased at the expense of suicidal attempts. Cases showed a lower suicide risk; the percentage of females and younger individuals increased, whereas the prevalence of classical risk factors, such as living alone, lacking a family network, and a history of psychiatric diagnosis, decreased. In summary, suicidal behaviors have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, with more episodes of suicidal ideation without attempts in addition to younger and lower risk profiles

Diagnóstico de buenas prácticas lecheras en vaquerías del Municipio de Cumanayagua, Cienfuegos

La obtención de la calidad de la leche está condicionada por una serie de factores como son la infraestructura, la higiene, la producción, la conservación y el manejo integral de la calidad que afectan su estabilidad. Con el objetivo de evaluar el cumplimiento de Buenas Prácticas Lecheras se seleccionaron diez unidades productoras, cinco vaquerías pertenecientes a la Unidad Básica de Producción Cooperativa (UBPC) “Tabloncito” y cinco lecherías de pequeños productores de una Cooperativa de Créditos y Servicios, del municipio de Cumanayagua, provincia Cienfuegos. Se aplicaron métodos teóricos, prácticos, con sus correspondientes técnicas (revisión documental, entrevista a trabajadores de la unidad, observación del trabajo del personal y triangulación metodológica). Los resultados fueron procesados y sometidos a un análisis estadístico mediante el método de comparación de proporciones para una P< 0,05, utilizando el paquete estadístico Statistix, versión 1,0 para Windows. Se detectaron incumplimientos en la rutina de ordeño y en los requisitos de limpieza e higienización, los cuales comprometían la calidad de la leche. Para contrarrestar estas deficiencias detectadas se diseñó un plan de medidas que integra soluciones tanto en el plano técnico como organizativo, para el mejoramiento de la producción y calidad de la leche en las unidades objeto de estudio

Concepción de la gestión innovadora del proceso de Extensión Universitaria en la Universidad de Ciego de Ávila/Conception of the innovative management of the process of University Extension at the University of Ciego de Ávila

Se propone una concepción estratégica para sustentar la gestión innovadora del proceso de Extensión Universitaria en la Universidad de Ciego de Ávila, orientada a la vinculación de la cultura académica con las necesidades del desarrollo comunitario y a facilitar la participación social del estudiante, como expresión de la responsabilidad social de la universidad. A partir de la articulación de un referente teórico, se estructuran las líneas generales para cohesionar los objetivos, acciones y vías que propician la calidad y sostenibilidad del proceso extensionista

Impacto de la Formación Humanística en el Futuro Profesional del Turismo

En el contexto de la universidad cubana, un objetivo es garantizar una educación que propicie el desarrollo del conocimiento, habilidades, capacidades y valores que contribuyan a la implementación de los resultados científicos tecnológicos, a escala social. Este desarrollo humano no es solo objetivo de la universidad, responde a uno de la Agenda 2030, donde la equidad y la justicia social deben ser potenciadas. Se hace necesario fomentar un desarrollo sostenible garantizando un equilibrio económico, medioambiental y sociocultural, una adecuada autonomía territorial, en ello el turismo juega un rol fundamental.&nbsp; Se declara como objetivo de la investigación científica: demostrar el impacto de la formación humanística en el graduado de la carrera de turismo para el logro del desarrollo económico y social sostenible. Se emplearon de los métodos teóricos el analítico-sintético, inducción-deducción; histórico-lógico y de los métodos empíricos el análisis y revisión documental, la búsqueda, selección de información, y la observación. Se obtiene como resultado acciones de preparación metodológica a egresados que se desempeñan como profesores de la carrera de Turismo para que garanticen un egresado capaz de aplicar una gestión sostenible.In the Cuban university context, an essential goal is to guarantee an education, which propitiates the development of the knowledge, abilities, capacities and values that contribute to the technological scientific achievements ‘implementation, in order to apply them at social scale. This human development is not just an objective from university, it also responds to one of the 2030 Agenda, where the equity and the social justice should be enhanced. It´s necessary to foment the sustainable development guaranteeing an economic, ecological and sociocultural balance achieving the territorial autonomy, where the tourism plays a main role. That’s why, the main goal of the scientific research is to demonstrate the impact of humanistic training in the development of the tourism career for the achievement of sustainable economic and social development. It was used theoretical methods such as: the analytic-synthetic one, induction-deduction and historical-logical one. It was also used empiric methods such as: the analysis and documental revision, the search, selection of information and the observation. As result, it is obtained methodological preparation actions for Tourism career ‘professors, in order they can guarantee a graduate able to apply sustainable management

Sistema de actividades recreativas adaptadas para la inclusión de estudiantes con discapacidad auditiva a la educación física

Introduction. Including students with hearing disabilities in Physical Education classes implies adapting both the teaching methodologies and the activities to be developed in the class; this represents a pedagogical and didactic challenge. Objective. To develop a system of adapted recreational activities that favor the inclusion of students with hearing disabilities in Physical Education classes. Methodology. The research followed a non- experimental design with a qualitative approach, of a descriptive nature, supported by theoretical and empirical methods and techniques such as observation and interviews; for its development, three stages were established: diagnosis, design, and validation. The sample was non-probabilistic and intentional; it was made up of 8 students, of which two cases with hearing disabilities belonging to the María Manuela Domínguez de Espejo y Aldaz Specialized Educational Unit in the City of Guayaquil were selected as the analysis unit. Results. 1. The difficulties that Physical Education teachers have in managing the process of inclusion of students with hearing disabilities in the classroom were evidenced. 2. The need to develop adapted recreational activities to favor the process of inclusion of students with hearing disabilities in Physical Education classes was confirmed. 3. A system of adapted recreational activities is provided for the inclusion of students with hearing disabilities in Physical Education classes. Conclusions. The proposed system of adapted, recreational activities, given their structure and components, favors the inclusion of students with hearing disabilities in Physical Education classes, which is the object of study, contributing to the improvement of their motor performance.Introducción. Incluir estudiantes con discapacidad auditiva dentro de las clases de Educación Física, implica adaptar tanto las metodologías de enseñanza como las actividades a desarrollar en la clase; ello representa un desafío pedagógico y didáctico. Objetivo. Elaborar un sistema de actividades recreativas adaptadas que favorezcan la inclusión de los estudiantes con discapacidad auditiva a la clase de Educación Física. Metodología. La investigación siguió un diseño no experimental con enfoque cualitativo, de naturaleza descriptiva, apoyada en métodos teóricos, empíricos y técnicas como la observación y la entrevista; para su desarrollo se establecieron tres etapas: diagnóstico, diseño y validación. La muestra fue no probabilística de tipo intencional; quedando constituida por 8 estudiantes, de los cuales se seleccionaron como unidad de análisis dos casos que presentan discapacidad auditiva pertenecientes a la Unidad Educativa Especializada María Manuela Domínguez de Espejo y Aldaz de la Ciudad de Guayaquil. Resultados. 1.Se evidenció las dificultades presentes en el docente de Educación Física para manejar el proceso de inclusión de estudiantes con discapacidad auditiva dentro de la clase. 2. Se confirmó la necesidad de desarrollar actividades recreativas adaptadas para favorecer el proceso de inclusión a la clase de Educación Física de los estudiantes que presentan discapacidad auditiva. 3. Se aporta un sistema actividades recreativas adaptadas para la inclusión a la clase de Educación Física de los casos que presentan discapacidad auditiva. Conclusiones. El sistema de actividades recreativas adaptadas propuesto dada su estructura y componentes favorece la inclusión a la clase Educación Física de los estudiantes con discapacidad auditiva objeto de estudio, contribuyendo a la mejora de su desempeño motriz. Palabras clave: discapacidad auditiva, inclusión, actividades recreativas adaptadas; educación física. Área de estudio general: Educación. Área de estudio específica: Educación Física. Tipo de estudio: original

Science and material technology: From shadows to lights

En este artículo se analiza la presencia de la mujer en las escalas del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) centrándonos en el Área de Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Los datos indican que algo se ha hecho mal desde el principio para que un área tan joven presente cifiras tan alarmantes de desigualdad de género, con sólo un 3% de Profesoras de Investigación cuando las mujeres representan el 31% del personal científico del área. Es una realidad la existencia de un techo de cristal que impide que las mujeres alcancen los puestos de máxima responsabilidad. Tanto las mujeres jóvenes como los hombres no son aún muy conscientes de su existencia, no se ve, es transparente, sólo te topas con él cuando tratas de atravesarlo. No se manifiesta de igual manera en todos los Centros, en algunos es más frágil, en otros es cristal blindado.Peer reviewe

Sleep Problems Are Related to a Worse Quality of Life and a Greater Non-Motor Symptoms Burden in Parkinson’s Disease

COPPADIS Study Group.[Introduction] The aim of the present study was to examine the frequency of self-reported sleep problems and their associated factors in a large cohort of PD patients.[Methods] PD patients and controls, recruited from 35 centers of Spain from the COPPADIS cohort were included in this cross-sectional study. Sleep problems were assessed by the Spanish version of the Parkinson’s disease Sleep Scale version 1 (PDSS-1). An overall score below 82 or a score below 5 on at least 1 item was defined as sleep problems.[Results] The frequency of sleep problems was nearly double in PD patients compared to controls: 65.8% (448/681) vs 33.5% (65/206) (p < 0.0001). Mean total PDSS score was lower in PD patients than controls: 114.9 ± 28.8 vs 132.8 ± 16.3 (p < 0.0001). Quality of life (QoL) was worse in PD patients with sleep problems compared to those without: PDQ-39SI, 19.3 ± 14 vs 13 ± 11.6 (p < 0.0001); EUROHIS-QoL8, 3.7 ± 0.5 vs 3.9 ± 0.5 (p < 0.0001). Non-motor symptoms burden (NMSS; OR = 1.029; 95%CI 1.015–1.043; p < 0.0001) and impulse control behaviors (QUIP-RS; OR = 1.054; 95%CI 1.009–1.101; p = 0.018) were associated with sleep problems after adjustment for age, gender, disease duration, daily equivalent levodopa dose, H&Y, UPDRS-III, UPDRS-IV, PD-CRS, BDI-II, NPI, VAS-Pain, VAFS, FOGQ, and total number of non-antiparkinsonian treatments.[Conclusion] Sleep problems were frequent in PD patients and were related to both a worse QoL and a greater non-motor symptoms burden in PD. These findings call for increased awareness of sleep problems in PD patients.Peer reviewe

Predictors of Global Non-Motor Symptoms Burden Progression in Parkinson’s Disease. Results from the COPPADIS Cohort at 2-Year Follow-Up

Background and Objective: Non-motor symptoms (NMS) progress in different ways between Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. The aim of the present study was to (1) analyze the change in global NMS burden in a PD cohort after a 2-year follow-up, (2) to compare the changes with a control group, and (3) to identify predictors of global NMS burden progression in the PD group. Material and Methods: PD patients and controls, recruited from 35 centers of Spain from the COPPADIS cohort from January 2016 to November 2017, were followed-up with after 2 years. The Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS) was administered at baseline (V0) and at 24 months ± 1 month (V2). Linear regression models were used for determining predictive factors of global NMS burden progression (NMSS total score change from V0 to V2 as dependent variable). Results: After the 2-year follow-up, the mean NMS burden (NMSS total score) significantly increased in PD patients by 18.8% (from 45.08 ± 37.62 to 53.55 ± 42.28; p < 0.0001; N = 501; 60.2% males, mean age 62.59 ± 8.91) compared to no change observed in controls (from 14.74 ± 18.72 to 14.65 ± 21.82; p = 0.428; N = 122; 49.5% males, mean age 60.99 ± 8.32) (p < 0.0001). NMSS total score at baseline (β = -0.52), change from V0 to V2 in PDSS (Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale) (β = -0.34), and change from V0 to V2 in NPI (Neuropsychiatric Inventory) (β = 0.25) provided the highest contributions to the model (adjusted R-squared 0.41; Durbin-Watson test = 1.865). Conclusions: Global NMS burden demonstrates short-term progression in PD patients but not in controls and identifies worsening sleep problems and neuropsychiatric symptoms as significant independent predictors of this NMS progression

Predictors of Loss of Functional Independence in Parkinson’s Disease: Results from the COPPADIS Cohort at 2-Year Follow-Up and Comparison with a Control Group

COPPADIS Study Group.[Background and objective] The aim of this study was to compare the progression of independence in activities of daily living (ADL) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients versus a control group, as well as to identify predictors of disability progression and functional dependency (FD).[Patients and Methods] PD patients and control subjects, who were recruited from 35 centers of Spain from the COPPADIS cohort between January 2016 and November 2017 (V0), were included. Patients and subjects were then evaluated again at the 2-year follow-up (V2). Disability was assessed with the Schwab & England Activities of Daily Living Scale (S&E-ADLS) at V0 and V2. FD was defined as an S&E-ADLS score less than 80%.[Results] In the PD group, a significant decrease in the S&E-ADLS score from V0 to V2 (N = 507; from 88.58 ± 10.19 to 84.26 ± 13.38; p < 0.0001; Cohen’s effect size = −0.519) was observed but not in controls (N = 124; from 98.87 ± 6.52 to 99.52 ± 2.15; p = 0.238). When only patients considered functional independent at baseline were included, 55 out of 463 (11.9%) converted to functional dependent at V2. To be a female (OR = 2.908; p = 0.009), have longer disease duration (OR = 1.152; p = 0.002), have a non-tremoric motor phenotype at baseline (OR = 3.574; p = 0.004), have a higher score at baseline in FOGQ (OR = 1.244; p < 0.0001) and BDI-II (OR = 1.080; p = 0.008), have a lower score at baseline in PD-CRS (OR = 0.963; p = 0.008), and have a greater increase in the score from V0 to V2 in UPDRS-IV (OR = 1.168; p = 0.0.29), FOGQ (OR = 1.348; p < 0.0001) and VAFS-Mental (OR = 1.177; p = 0.013) (adjusted R-squared 0.52; Hosmer and Lemeshow test = 0.94) were all found to be independent predictors of FD at V2.[Conclusions] In conclusion, autonomy for ADL worsens in PD patients compared to controls. Cognitive impairment, gait problems, fatigue, depressive symptoms, more advanced disease, and a non-tremor phenotype are independent predictors of FD in the short-term.Fundación Curemos el Parkinson (www.curemoselparkinson.org).Peer reviewe