Mapping Digital Media: Guatemala

The Mapping Digital Media project examines the global opportunities and risks created by the transition from traditional to digital media. Covering 60 countries, the project examines how these changes affect the core democratic service that any media system should provide: news about political, economic, and social affairs.Guatemala is a relatively young democracy plagued by high levels of violent crime, corruption, and wealth inequality, with poverty concentrated in rural areas and among indigenous populations. It has one of the highest rates of illiteracy in the region, with a quarter of all adults unable to read.These problems are not likely to be solved by digital and social media any time soon. However, as new technologies of communication spread among a youthful population, they are likely to play an increasing role in shaping citizenry and promoting social change.This report puts forward a set of policy recommendations to improve transparency and accountability in digital media policy; to support and promote community and minority expression in the new media landscape; to institute public service media; to bridge the digital divide; and to improve the collection, monitoring, and analysis of media consumption data and trends

Agonist-dependent modulation of G-protein coupling and transduction of 5-HT1A receptors in rat dorsal raphe nucleus

5-HT1A receptors couple to different Go/Gi proteins in order to mediate a wide range of physiological actions. While activation of post-synaptic 5-HT1A receptors is mainly related to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity, functionality of autoreceptors located in raphe nuclei has been classically ascribed to modifications of the activity of potassium and calcium channels. In order to evaluate the possible existence of agonist-directed trafficking for 5-HT1A autoreceptors in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus, we studied their activation by two agonists with a different profile of efficacy [(+)8-OH-DPAT and buspirone], addressing simultaneously the identification of the specific Gα subtypes ([35S]GTPγS labelling and immunoprecipitation) involved and the subsequent changes in cAMP formation. A significant increase (32%, p<0.05) in (+)8-OH-DPAT-induced [35S]GTPγS labelling of immunoprecipitates was obtained with anti-Gαi3 antibodies but not with anti-Gαo, anti-Gαi1, anti-Gαi2, anti-Gαz or anti-Gαs antibodies. In contrast, in the presence of buspirone, significant [35S]GTPγS labelling of immunoprecipitates was obtained with anti-Gαi3 (50%, p<0.01), anti-Gαo (32%, p<0.01) and anti-Gαi2 (29%, p<0.05) antibodies, without any labelling with anti-Gαi1, anti-Gαz or anti-Gαs. The selective 5-HT1A antagonist WAY 100635 blocked the labelling induced by both agonists. Furthermore, (+)8-OH-DPAT failed to modify forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation, while buspirone induced a dose-dependent, WAY 100635-sensitive, inhibition of this response (Imax 30.8±4.9, pIC50 5.95±0.46). These results demonstrate the existence of an agonist-dependency pattern of G-protein coupling and transduction for 5-HT1A autoreceptors in native brain tissue. These data also open new perspectives for the understanding of the differential profiles of agonist efficacy in pre- vs. post-synaptic 5-HT1A receptor-associated responses.This research was supported by Ministry of Science, SAF04–00941, SAF07-61862, Fundación Alicia Koplowitz, Fundación de Investigación Médica Mutua Madrileña, Instituto de Salud Carlos III and University of Cantabria-FAES research contract.Peer reviewe

Recuerdos históricos de la ciudad episcopal de Oca, hoy Villafranca Montes de Oca

Copia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2009-201

Aprovechamiento y reciclaje de residuos de construcción y demolición mediante técnicas de sinterización

[ES]Los residuos de construcción y demolición por su composición se consideran un producto de desecho que tienen un uso secundario como rellenos de carreteras o zahorras, pero una vez triturados y molidos se consigue una homogeneización del material que puede ser procesado como un material cerámico y por lo tanto se pueden utilizar métodos y procedimientos de Tecnología de polvos. Esta Tesis Doctoral se centra en el estudio de los RCDs con el fin de conseguir un aprovechamiento integral de este tipo de residuos como sustituto de las cerámicas tradicionales e inclusive de alguna cerámica técnica. Los RCDs se procesaron tras una etapa de lavado, a continuación en un molino de bolas se molieron homogéneamente, se hizo un estudio granulométrico, se conformaron piezas de tres modos diferentes: moldeo con almidón o Starch, compactación uniaxial y extrusión. Se trazaron las curvas de sinterabilidad para los procesos de moldeo y compactación uniaxial, y se observaron las microestructuras aparecidas. Una vez caracterizado el material y evaluadas las propiedades de las piezas 100% RCDs, se estudió el comportamiento que tenían los RCDs mezclados con caolín puro en un porcentaje del 50%. Se caracterizó la masa pulverulenta mediantes análisis granulométricos y químicos, BET, etc. y la microestructura mediante microscopía óptica y electrónica (SEM-EDX), con objeto de investigar la composición química, las distintas fases generadas y las posibles reacciones que pudieran tener. Se determinó la porosidad mediante análisis de imagen con la ayuda del programa ImageJ interpretando su influencia sobre las propiedades mecánicas. Se evaluó el comportamiento mecánico(resistencia a flexión en tres puntos, resistencia a compresión y dureza), la fiabilidad (a través del módulo de Weibull) y la resistencia al desgaste, mediante ensayos del tipo “pin-on-disk”, también se evaluó la emisión acústica de este ensayo, así como la absorción de agua de las piezas. Los resultados han sido satisfactorios puesto que los materiales obtenidos presentan en la mayoría de los casos un comportamiento semejante o superior a las cerámicas tradicionales e incluso con valores próximos a las cerámicas avanzadas, pudiendo considerarse como un material compuesto de matriz cerámica reforzado con partículas.[EN]Construction and demolition waste, due to its composition, is normally disposed at landfills, alternatively, it can be used as backfill materials, filler in roads or graded aggregates. However once crushed and milled, homogenization of the material is achieved allowing its processing as a ceramic material, therefore it is possible to use powder technology methods and procedures. This doctoral thesis focuses on the study of C&DW in order to achieve an integral use of this type of waste as a substitute for traditional ceramics and even some technical ceramics. After an initial washing stage, C&DW is processed. The homogenous product obtained after a milling process using a ball mill is then subject to a gradation test. Pieces were formed in three different ways: Starch moulding, uniaxial compaction and extrusion. Sinterability curves were plotted for the uniaxial moulding and compacting processes and the microstructures appeared were observed. Once the material has been characterized and the properties of the 100 % C&DW pieces evaluated, the behaviour of C&DW mixed with pure kaolin in a percentage of 50 % was studied. The powdery mixed product was characterized by gradation test and chemical analysis, BET, etc. The microstructure was also analysed using optical and electron microscopy (SEM-EDX), in order to research the chemical composition, the different phases generated and the possible reactions that could occur. Porosity was determined using image analysis with the help of the ImageJ software, by interpreting its influence on the mechanical properties. Mechanical behaviour (Three point bending flexural test, compressive strength and hardness), reliability (using the Weibull modulus) and the wear resistance (by pin-on-disk type tests) were evaluated. The acoustic emission of pin on disk test was also evaluated, as well as the water absorption of the pieces. The results obtained have been satisfactory since the resulting materials in most cases present a behaviour similar or superior to the traditional ceramics and even with values close to the advanced ceramics. These materials can be considered as a particle reinforced ceramic matrix composite material

El concepto de cura según el curanderismo

The present study seeks to describe the concept of cure from the “curanderil” tradition. An introduction to previous fundamental works is presented, as well as approaches to the concept of cure from different psychological perspectives. A series of interviews with “curanderos” were conducted to propose a cure based on the experience of convinced “curanderos”. Finally, different psychoanalytical proposals are presented regarding the findings.El presente trabajo busca describir el concepto de cura desde la tradición curanderil. Se presenta una introducción de trabajos previos fundamentales, además de aproximaciones al concepto de cura desde diferentes perspectivas psicológicas. Se realizaron una serie de entrevistas a curanderos para poder plantear una propuesta de cura a partir de la experiencia de los curanderos convencidos. Finalmente, se presentan diferentes propuestas desde el psicoanálisis con respecto a los hallazgos

Realidad y ficción en la autorrepresentación. La reinterpretación de la infancia a través de las relaciones entre cine y memoria.

El presente texto incide en la dicotomía entre ficción y realidad que se produce tanto en los procesos de memoria como en el medio cinematográfico, ambos caracterizados por la ambigüedad. A través de diversos teóricos y del análisis de Sink or Swim (Su Friedrich, 1990), Los Rubios (Albertina Carri, 2003) y Los Lobos (Samuel Kishi, 2019), se explorarán las relaciones entre cine, memoria, subjetividad y autorrepresentación. Los casos propuestos quedan enmarcados en la infancia, donde podemos encontrar el recurso del juego y la animación relacionados con esa posición fronteriza entre lo real y lo ficcional como manera de afrontar traumas y situaciones difíciles para los niños. Realizar una película con base en recuerdos infantiles presenta un ejercicio de exploración personal por parte de los directores, que usan la práctica cinematográfica como herramienta para construir su propia identidad.This text focuses on the dichotomy between fiction and reality that occurs in memory processes and in the cinematographic medium, both characterized by ambiguity. Through various theorists and the analysis of Sink or Swim (Su Friedrich, 1990), Los Rubios (Albertina Carri, 2003) and Los Lobos (Samuel Kishi, 2019), we’ll explore the relationships between film, memory, subjectivity and self-representation. The cases proposed are set in childhood, where we can find resources such as playing and animated media in touch with this edge between the real and the fictional as a way of facing trauma and difficult situations for children. Making a film from recollections of their childhood presents an exercise about the directors’ personal exploration, who use filmmaking as a tool to build their own identity.Departamento de Historia Moderna, Contemporánea y de América, Periodismo y Comunicación Audiovisual y PublicidadMáster en Cine, comunicación e Industria Audiovisua

Factores y variables que influyen en la deserción de estudiantes de pregrado de una universidad privada de Lima Metropolitana

Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autorEstudia el problema de identificar y analizar los factores y las variables que influyen en el proceso de deserción de los estudiantes de pregrado de una universidad privada de Lima Metropolitana. En ese sentido, se formula como hipótesis que factores y variables individuales, socioeconómicas, académicas e institucionales influyen en la decisión de los estudiantes de pregrado en desertar. Para probar dicha hipótesis se utilizó el diseño longitudinal de tipo evolución o grupos de cohortes de la totalidad de los estudiantes de pregrado ingresantes a las ocho carreras de la universidad durante los años 2005, 2006 y 2007. El proceso de prueba de hipótesis se realizó mediante el análisis de supervivencia o seguimiento durante un horizonte de tiempo en la trayectoria de un estudiante, desde el inicio de sus estudios hasta el momento de la ocurrencia de la deserción, identificando los factores y las variables que influyen en el mencionado evento, determinando las variables que mejor podrían predecir el abandono de los estudios universitarios y, precisando los momentos críticos en el proceso de deserción. La prueba de hipótesis corroboró los planteamientos de la investigación.Tesi

Agonist-dependent modulation of G-protein coupling and transduction of 5-HT1A receptors in rat dorsal raphe nucleus

5-HT1A receptors couple to different Go/Gi proteins in order to mediate a wide range of physiological actions. While activation of post-synaptic 5-HT1A receptors is mainly related to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity, functionality of autoreceptors located in raphe nuclei has been classically ascribed to modifications of the activity of potassium and calcium channels. In order to evaluate the possible existence of agonist-directed trafficking for 5-HT1A autoreceptors in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus, we studied their activation by two agonists with a different profile of efficacy [(+)8-OH-DPAT and buspirone], addressing simultaneously the identification of the specific Galpha subtypes ([35S]GTPgammaS labelling and immunoprecipitation) involved and the subsequent changes in cAMP formation. A significant increase (32%, p<0.05) in (+)8-OH-DPAT-induced [35S]GTPgammaS labelling of immunoprecipitates was obtained with anti-Galphai3 antibodies but not with anti-Galphao, anti-Galphai1, anti-Galphai2, anti-Galphaz or anti-Galphas antibodies. In contrast, in the presence of buspirone, significant [35S]GTPgammaS labelling of immunoprecipitates was obtained with anti-Galphai3 (50%, p<0.01), anti-Galphao (32%, p<0.01) and anti-Galphai2 (29%, p<0.05) antibodies, without any labelling with anti-Galphai1, anti-Galphaz or anti-Galphas. The selective 5-HT1A antagonist WAY 100635 blocked the labelling induced by both agonists. Furthermore, (+)8-OH-DPAT failed to modify forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation, while buspirone induced a dose-dependent, WAY 100635-sensitive, inhibition of this response (Imax 30.8+/-4.9, pIC50 5.95+/-0.46). These results demonstrate the existence of an agonist-dependency pattern of G-protein coupling and transduction for 5-HT1A autoreceptors in native brain tissue. These data also open new perspectives for the understanding of the differential profiles of agonist efficacy in pre- vs. post-synaptic 5-HT1A receptor-associated responses

Informe Jurídico sobre la Resolución Nº 028-2021-SUNARP-TR

El presente trabajo aborda el estudio de la figura del consejo directivo en asociaciones, el silencio legislativo sobre la continuidad de funciones luego de haber culminado su gestión y las consecuencias de dicha omisión a nivel registral y organizativa. Para ello, el análisis se desarrolla en base la Resolución No 028-2021-SUNARP-TR, la misma que nos ofrece un amplio panorama sobre esta problemática surgida a través de una solicitud de modificación de estatuto y la interpretación de un Registrador Público sobre un artículo estatutario similar al artículo 47 del Reglamento de Inscripciones del Registro de Personas Jurídicas, el cual, a su criterio, no habilitaba la prórroga de funciones del consejo directivo. No obstante, el Tribunal Registral argumenta lo contrario sin mayor fundamento y genera un debate, el cual es reflexionado en el texto de este informe. La resolución es estudiada desde un análisis crítico sobre la decisión de cada instancia registral y la discusión sobre las teorías de representación en los órganos directivos de las asociaciones. De esta manera, concluimos que el Tribunal Registral en su intento de salvaguardar la permanencia del consejo directivo, no ofreció mayor fundamento jurídico para su decisión, que si bien es acertada da lugar a futuras interpretaciones sin un sólido sustento teórico.This paper deals with the study of the figure of the board of directors in associations, the legislative silence on the continuity of functions after the end of its management and the consequences of such omission at the registry and organizational level. For this purpose, the analysis is based on the Resolution No 028-2021-SUNARP-TR, wich offers a broad overview of this problem that arose through a request for modification of bylaws and the intepretation of a Public Registrator on a statutory article similar to article 47 of the Registration Regulations of the Registry of Legal Entities, wich, in his opinion, did not enable the extension of the board of director’s functions. However, the Registry Court argues the contrary without further basis and generates a debate that is reflected in the text of this report. The resolution is studied from a critical analysis of the decision of each registry instance and the discussion on the theories of representation in the governing bodies of the associations. In this way, we conclude that the Registry Court, in its attempt to safeguard the permanence of the board of directors, did not offer any legal basis for its decision, wich, although it is correct, gives rise to future interpretations without a solid theoretical basis

Mapping Digital Media: Guatemala - Spanish

The Mapping Digital Media project examines the global opportunities and risks created by the transition from traditional to digital media. Covering 60 countries, the project examines how these changes affect the core democratic service that any media system should provide: news about political, economic, and social affairs.Guatemala is a relatively young democracy plagued by high levels of violent crime, corruption, and wealth inequality, with poverty concentrated in rural areas and among indigenous populations. It has one of the highest rates of illiteracy in the region, with a quarter of all adults unable to read.These problems are not likely to be solved by digital and social media any time soon. However, as new technologies of communication spread among a youthful population, they are likely to play an increasing role in shaping citizenry and promoting social change.This report puts forward a set of policy recommendations to improve transparency and accountability in digital media policy; to support and promote community and minority expression in the new media landscape; to institute public service media; to bridge the digital divide; and to improve the collection, monitoring, and analysis of media consumption data and trends