El uso de las ecuaciones como guía para pensar y resolver problemas: una aproximación a la enseñanza de la Física

Within the proposals for the teaching of science we can differentiate various procedures that are effective if you have the right knowledge, reorienting them towards the understanding of the basic conceptual nuclei of science in particular, which can be considered mainly three types of verbal contents: data, concepts and principles. In the teaching of Physics the monitoring of these conditions is applied to the solution of problems and, using the appropriate formulation of equations, students are facilitated the understanding of this science.Dentro de las propuestas para la enseñanza de las ciencias podemos diferenciar diversos procedimientos que son eficaces si se dispone de los conocimientos adecuados, reorientando estos hacia la comprensión de los núcleos conceptuales básicos de la ciencia en particular, en la que pueden considerarse principalmente tres tipos de contenidos verbales: datos, conceptos y principios. En la enseñanza de la Física el seguimiento de estas condiciones se aplica a la solución de problemas y, utilizando la apropiada formulación de ecuaciones, se facilita a los estudiantes la comprensión de esta ciencia

Tailoring discrete quantum walk dynamics via extended initial conditions: Towards homogeneous probability distributions

We study the evolution of initially extended distributions in the coined quantum walk on the line by analyzing the dispersion relation of the process and its associated wave equations. This allows us, in particular, to devise an initially extended condition leading to a uniform probability distribution whose width increases linearly with time, with increasing homogeneity.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Theory of quantum fluctuations of optical dissipative structures and its application to the squeezing properties of bright cavity solitons

We present a method for the study of quantum fluctuations of dissipative structures forming in nonlinear optical cavities, which we illustrate in the case of a degenerate, type I optical parametric oscillator. The method consists in (i) taking into account explicitly, through a collective variable description, the drift of the dissipative structure caused by the quantum noise, and (ii) expanding the remaining -internal- fluctuations in the biorthonormal basis associated to the linear operator governing the evolution of fluctuations in the linearized Langevin equations. We obtain general expressions for the squeezing and intensity fluctuations spectra. Then we theoretically study the squeezing properties of a special dissipative structure, namely, the bright cavity soliton. After reviewing our previous result that in the linear approximation there is a perfectly squeezed mode irrespectively of the values of the system parameters, we consider squeezing at the bifurcation points, and the squeezing detection with a plane--wave local oscillator field, taking also into account the effect of the detector size on the level of detectable squeezing.Comment: 10 figure

Polarization instabilities in a two-photon laser

We describe the operating characteristics of a new type of quantum oscillator that is based on a two-photon stimulated emission process. This two-photon laser consists of spin-polarized and laser-driven $^{39}$K atoms placed in a high-finesse transverse-mode-degenerate optical resonator, and produces a beam with a power of $\sim$0.2 $\mu$W at a wavelength of 770 nm. We observe complex dynamical instabilities of the state of polarization of the two-photon laser, which are made possible by the atomic Zeeman degeneracy. We conjecture that the laser could emit polarization-entangled twin beams if this degeneracy is lifted.Comment: Accepted by Physical Review Letters. REVTeX 4 pages, 4 EPS figure

Phase-bistable Kerr cavity solitons and patterns

We study pattern formation in a passive nonlinear optical cavity on the basis of the classic Lugiato-Lefever model with a periodically modulated injection. When the injection amplitude sign alternates, e.g., following a sinusoidal modulation in time or in space, a phase-bistable response emerges, which is at the root of the spatial pattern formation in the system. An asymptotic description is given in terms of a damped nonlinear Schrödinger equation with parametric amplification, which allows gaining insight into the basic spatiotemporal dynamics of the system. One- and two-dimensional phase-bistable spatial patterns, such as bright and dark-ring cavity solitons and labyrinths, are demonstrated

Chilean sport sciences scientific production indexed in the Web of Science (1981-2016)

9 p.Objetivo: realizar un análisis bibliométrico de la producción científica chilena de Ciencias del deporte indexada en la Web of Science hasta 2016. Métodos: se analizaron los artículos y revisiones de Ciencias del deporte de Chile incluidos en los índices de la Colección principal de Web of Science hasta 2016. Los datos se recopilaron y filtraron en el programa Endnote X6 y luego se exportaron a Excel 2013, Bibexcel e Histcite para su análisis. La bibliometría se centró en la productividad, los sujetos y los patrones de colaboración. Resultados: Se encontraron un total de 152 documentos publicados desde 1981 hasta 2016. Las ciencias de la vida fueron el área de investigación principal (104), mientras que la fisiología (36) y la teoría del entrenamiento deportivo (30) fueron los sujetos más representados. La media de autores por artículo fue de 5,26 y el porcentaje de colaboración estuvo principalmente entre el 94% y el 100%. Ramírez-Campillo fue el autor más prolífico (24) y Caniuqueo logró el mayor índice de colaboración (10.83). Se descubrieron dos redes, con 20 y 10 académicos respectivamente y que representan 19 instituciones diferentes. Un grupo de 53 revistas diferentes ha difundido publicaciones de Ciencias del Deporte de Chile, pero 12 de ellas recolectaron el 60.53% de la producción total. Conclusión: la producción científica chilena de Ciencias del Deporte indexada en la Web of Science muestra el desarrollo progresivo y el fortalecimiento de este campo del conocimiento, claramente orientado a las Ciencias de la Vida, el trabajo en equipo y la colaboración internacional. También se debe destacar el establecimiento de una red que incluye académicos de Australia, Brasil, Canadá, Chile y España, que está impulsando la investigación de Ciencias del Deporte en este paísS

Polarization coupling and pattern selection in a type-II optical parametric oscillator

We study the role of a direct intracavity polarization coupling in the dynamics of transverse pattern formation in type-II optical parametric oscillators. Transverse intensity patterns are predicted from a stability analysis, numerically observed, and described in terms of amplitude equations. Standing wave intensity patterns for the two polarization components of the field arise from the nonlinear competition between two concentric rings of unstable modes in the far field. Close to threshold a wavelength is selected leading to standing waves with the same wavelength for the two polarization components. Far from threshold the competition stabilizes patterns in which two different wavelengths coexist.Comment: 14 figure

Superfluidity of Bose-Einstein Condensate in An Optical Lattice: Landau-Zener Tunneling and Dynamical Instability

Superflow of Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice is represented by a Bloch wave, a plane wave with periodic modulation of the amplitude. We review the theoretical results on the interaction effects in the energy dispersion of the Bloch waves and in the linear stability of such waves. For sufficiently strong repulsion between the atoms, the lowest Bloch band develops a loop at the edge of the Brillouin zone, with the dramatic consequence of a finite probability of Landau-Zener tunneling even in the limit of a vanishing external force. Superfluidity can exist in the central region of the Brillouin zone in the presence of a repulsive interaction, beyond which Landau instability takes place where the system can lower its energy by making transition into states with smaller Bloch wavenumbers. In the outer part of the region of Landau instability, the Bloch waves are also dynamically unstable in the sense that a small initial deviation grows exponentially in time. In the inner region of Landau instability, a Bloch wave is dynamically stable in the absence of persistent external perturbations. Experimental implications of our findings will be discussed.Comment: A new section on tight-binding approximation is added with a new figur

Quantum coherent control of highly multipartite continuous-variable entangled states by tailoring parametric interactions

The generation of continuous-variable multipartite entangled states is important for several protocols of quantum information processing and communication, such as one-way quantum computation or controlled dense coding. In this article we theoretically show that multimode optical parametric oscillators can produce a great variety of such states by an appropriate control of the parametric interaction, what we accomplish by tailoring either the spatio-temporal shape of the pump, or the geometry of the nonlinear medium. Specific examples involving currently available optical parametric oscillators are given, hence showing that our ideas are within reach of present technology.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figure

Spatial and temporal spectra of noise driven stripe patterns

Spatial and temporal noise power spectra of stripe patterns are investigated, using as a model a Swift-Hohenberg equation with a stochastic term. In particular, the analytical and numerical investigations show: 1) the temporal noise spectra are of 1/f^alpha form, where alpha=1+(3-D)/4 with D the spatial dimension of the system; 2) that the stochastic fluctuations of the stripe position are sub-diffusive.Comment: Submitted to PR