Milho transgênico Bt não afeta a comunidade de formigas do solo

The objective of this work was to survey soil ants in Bt and non-Bt maize (Zea mays) crops, and to compare their effect on the soil ant community. Nine pitfall traps, 10 m apart, were installed in a central area (900 m2) of each of the following treatments (2,500 m2): conventional maize; maize modified with the Cry1F, Cry1Ab, and Vip3A proteins; and a native vegetation area. Fortnightly collections were conducted during four periods (complete producing cycles) of the crop, from 2011 to 2013. The number of ant species varied from 25 in Bt maize (Vip 3A) to 58 in Bt maize (Cry 1F). The treatment with conventional maize showed the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’ = 2.60). Jaccard’s index showed that there is dissimilarity between the cultivated maize areas and the native vegetation area in most treatments, and that Bt and non-Bt maize show similarity in their soil ant assemblages. The cultivation of Bt maize does not affect the soil ant community. The subfamily Myrmicinae shows the highest number of species in all the collection periods, with 57, 41, 47, and 50 species in the first, second, third, and fourth periods, respectively. The genus Pheidole, belonging to this subfamily, shows the greatest number of species.O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento sobre formigas do solo, em cultivos de milho (Zea mays) Bt e não Bt, e comparar o efeito desses cultivos sobre essa comunidade. Nove armadilhas do tipo “pitfall” foram instaladas a intervalos de 10 m e distribuídas na área central (900 m2) de cada um dos seguintes tratamentos (2.500 m2): milho convencional; milho modificado com as proteínas Cry1F, Cry1Ab e Vip3A; e área de vegetação nativa. Foram feitas coletas quinzenais, durante quatro períodos (ciclos de produção completos) de cultivo, de 2011 a 2013. O número de espécies de formiga variou de 25 no milho Bt (Vip 3A) a 58 no milho Bt (Cry 1F). O tratamento com milho convencional apresentou o maior índice de diversidade de Shannon-Wiener (H’ = 2,60). O índice de Jaccard mostrou que há dissimilaridade entre as áreas cultivadas com milho e a área com vegetação nativa, na maioria dos tratamentos, e que os milhos Bt e não Bt apresentam similaridade quanto à composição de espécies de formigas do solo. O cultivo do milho Bt não afeta a comunidade de formigas de solo. A subfamília Myrmicinae apresenta o maior número de espécies em todos os períodos de coleta, com 57, 41, 47 e 50 espécies no primeiro, no segundo, no terceiro e no quarto períodos, respectivamente. O gênero Pheidole, pertencente a esta subfamília, apresenta o maior número de espécies

Qualidade e Consumo do Leite Bovino do Vale do Ribeira

Preocupados con el perfil del consumo de leche en la región de Vale do Ribeira/PR el proyecto pertenecienteal programa “Universidade Sem Fronteras” de la SETI/PR en sociedad con el PROLAC – ProjetoLeite, Alimento de Criança, decidió mejorar la calidad de leche bovina y analizar el perfil del consumode leche y derivados de la población de la región. Para alcanzar los objetivos fueron realizadas visitas en39 propiedades rurales, evidenciando los problemas higiénico-sanitarios siendo estos corregidos. Resultoen la mejora de 33% en la producción de leche y considerables mejorías en la calidad de leche. También,como herramienta de la acción, fueron dadas conferencias en escuelas municipales y estatales de primariay secundaria, para el análisis del perfil de la consumición de leche de los alumnos de la región. Todos losalumnos de Adrianópolis (100%) con hasta 10 años dicen injerir 2 vasos de la leche por día, mientras que30.3% de los alumnos de Bocaiúva do Sul con esta venda del etária consumen cantidad inferior recomendadapara los nutricionistas. Importantes cantidad de individuos (40.89% en Adrianópolis y 21.3% en Bocaiúvadel Sul) consume derivados de origen casera y artesanal, sin garantías higiénicas y sanitarias. El consumode leche es inferior al recomendado por el “National Institute of Heath” (Instituto Nacional de la Salud),para los niños de hasta 12 años, siendo aproximadamente 4 y 5 vasos de leche por día. Hace necesaria lacontinuación del trabajo para concientizar el producto rural de la importancia para mejorar la calidad deleche producida y estimular el consumo de leche y derivados de la derivación de estas características.Worried about the profile of milk consumption in the region of the Vale do Ribeira/PR, the pertaining Projectof the Program Universidade sem Fronteiras from SETI/PR, in partnership with the PROLAC – Projeto Leite,Alimento de Criança, targeted to improve the quality of bovine milk and to analyze the profile of the milkconsumption and derivatives of the population of the Region. To reach the objectives, visits in 39 countryproperties had been carried through, evidencing hygienical-sanitary problems,wich were solved. This redisposultedin the improvement of 33% in the production of milk and considerable improvements in the qualityof this milk. Also, as action tools, lectures in municipal and state elementary and high schools been given,to an analysis of the profile of milk consumption of the pupils from the region. All the pupils of Adrianópolis(100%) under 10 years old reported that they ingested 2 cupsoper day, while 30.3% of the children fromBocaiúva do Sul uder that age consumed an inferior amount i relation to the recommended nutritionists.Some important parcel of individuals (40.89% in Adrianópolis and 21.3% in Bocaiúva do Sul) consumesdairy products from homemade and artisanal origin, without hygienical-sanitary guarantees. The daily milkconsumption is inferior to what is recommended byf the National Institute of Health for children up to 12years old, that is approximately 4-5 cups of milk per day. The continuation of that work becomes necessaryto the agricultural producer’s awareness of the importance in improving the productive quality of milk andstimulating the consumption of milk and dairy products which come from those properties.Preocupados com o perfil de consumo de leite na região do Vale do Ribeira/PR, o Projeto pertencente aoPrograma Universidade Sem Fronteiras da SETI/PR em parceria com o PROLAC - Projeto Leite, Alimentode Criança, objetivou melhorar a qualidade do leite bovino e analisar o perfil do consumo de leite e derivadosda população dessa Região. Para alcançar os objetivos foram realizadas visitas em 39 propriedadesrurais, constatando problemas higiênico-sanitários e corrigindo-os. Isso resultou na melhora de 33% naprodução de leite e consideráveis melhorias na qualidade. Também, como ferramentas de ação, foramministradas palestras em escolas municipais e estaduais de nível fundamental e médio, para análise doperfil do consumo de leite dos alunos da região. Todos os alunos de Adrianópolis (100%) com até 10 anosrelatam ingerir 2 copos leite/dia, enquanto 30,3% dos alunos de Bocaiúva de Sul, com esta faixa etária,consomem quantidade inferior à recomendada por nutricionistas. Importante parcela de indivíduos (40,89%em Adrianópolis e 21,3% em Bocaiúva do Sul) consome derivados de origem caseira e artesanal, semgarantias higiênico-sanitárias. O consumo de leite diário é inferior ao recomendado pelo National Instituteof Health para crianças de até 12 anos, que é de aproximadamente 4 a 5 copos leite/dia. Faz-se necessáriauma intensa ação extensionista para conscientizar o produtor da importância de melhorar a qualidadeprodutiva e estimular o consumo de leite e derivados oriundos dessas propriedades

Transgenic Bt maize does not affect the soil ant community

<div><p>Abstract: The objective of this work was to survey soil ants in Bt and non-Bt maize (Zea mays) crops, and to compare their effect on the soil ant community. Nine pitfall traps, 10 m apart, were installed in a central area (900 m2) of each of the following treatments (2,500 m2): conventional maize; maize modified with the Cry1F, Cry1Ab, and Vip3A proteins; and a native vegetation area. Fortnightly collections were conducted during four periods (complete producing cycles) of the crop, from 2011 to 2013. The number of ant species varied from 25 in Bt maize (Vip 3A) to 58 in Bt maize (Cry 1F). The treatment with conventional maize showed the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’ = 2.60). Jaccard’s index showed that there is dissimilarity between the cultivated maize areas and the native vegetation area in most treatments, and that Bt and non-Bt maize show similarity in their soil ant assemblages. The cultivation of Bt maize does not affect the soil ant community. The subfamily Myrmicinae shows the highest number of species in all the collection periods, with 57, 41, 47, and 50 species in the first, second, third, and fourth periods, respectively. The genus Pheidole, belonging to this subfamily, shows the greatest number of species.</p></div

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2008

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2007

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development

Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified