A Perforated Duodenal Ulcer after Using of Methamphetamin and Methadone

Background: Acute poisonings with corrosive substances lead to serious peptic ulcer disease despite of the major improvements in both diagnostic and therapeutic strategies; perforated peptic ulcer is still the most common cause of gastrointestinal perforation and the second most common complication of the peptic ulcer. Duodenal ulcers tend to be the posterior penetrating and in pancreas can cause pancreatitis whereas gastric ulcers are penetrating to left liver’s lobe.Case Report: We report the case of a 23-year-old man with a history of chronic consumption of methamphetamin and methadone referred to emergency state with epigastric pain. He consumed methamphetamin following about 10cc methadone, then amount of methadone syrup yesterday. When he was admitted, he was awake, alert, agitated and restless; also he was feeling abdominal pain. In examination, we found out generalized abdominal pain with garding and rebound tenderness. Pain is continuously and referred to back and the testis. The pupils had mild mydriasis and reactive to light. Free subdiphragmatic air was seen in the right subphrenic area in upright chest x-Ray. It didn’t administrate to activated charcoal due to perforation detection and immediately he was transferred to the operating room for diagnosis an acute abdomen. Purulent discharge was seen between the left lobe of liver and gastric as well as adhesion of omentum. Then, post pyloric perforation was seen after release of adhesion that bile discharge excreted. We treated him with essential treatment.Conclusion: Here, we report a patient with a history of addiction to methamphetamin and methadone and perforated duodenal ulcer after took acute overdose of these substances. As a result of that perforation opened and postulated to the left lobe of liver, thus he was taken to the operating room. This patient had perforated duodenal ulcer after acute overdose of methamphetamin and also this ulcer opened atypically to the left lobe of liver. Furthermore, investigation on the effects of amphetamine and methamphetamine on peptic ulcer and its effect on the perforation is recommended

Giant Strain and Induced Ferroelectricity in Amorphous BaTiO3 Films under Poling

We report an effect of giant surface modification of a 5.6 nm thick BaTiO3 film grown on Si (100) substrate under poling by conductive tip of a scanning probe microscope (SPM). The surface can be locally elevated by about 9 nm under −20 V applied during scanning, resulting in the maximum strain of 160%. The threshold voltage for the surface modification is about 12 V. The modified topography is stable enough with time and slowly decays after poling with the rate ~0.02 nm/min. Strong vertical piezoresponse after poling is observed, too. Combined measurements by SPM and piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) prove that the poled material develops high ferroelectric polarization that cannot be switched back even under an oppositely oriented electric field. The topography modification is hypothesized to be due to a strong Joule heating and concomitant interface reaction between underlying Si and BaTiO3. The top layer is supposed to become ferroelectric as a result of local crystallization of amorphous BaTiO3. This work opens up new possibilities to form nanoscale ferroelectric structures useful for various applications

Relationship among temporary separation, attachment styles, and adjustment in first-grade Iranian children

If mothers work outside the home, some degree of mother-child separation will be experienced and mother-child attachment will be affected. In this study, regarding the attachment styles, sociobehavioral problems in first-grade children with experience of preschool and in those taught by their mothers at-home are compared. A casual-comparative method was used to compare children in the two groups. A total of 320 first-grade children participated in the study. The study measures included a separation anxiety test, an adaptive behavior scale, and a children�s symptom inventory. Data were analyzed using multivariate statistics. Secure attachment in the group with experience of preschool was significantly higher than that in the at-home group. None of the variables, including parents� education and father�s income, significantly affected attachment style. Neither father�s education, father�s income, or attachment significantly influenced adjustment. Father�s education significantly influenced children�s symptoms. Attachment style and hours of preschool attendance had no effect on Child Symptom Inventory scores. Associations among age at joining preschool, attachment style, and behavioral and adaptive problems in first-grade children were nonlinear and multivariate. By taking into account parents� awareness, sensitivity, and responsiveness, relative welfare, appropriate quality of child-care centers, and having fewer hours of preschool attendance, the risk factors for early parent-child separation and institutional care can be reduced. © 2016 Tahmasebi et al

Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses of Stagonosporopsis tanaceti, the cause of ray blight of pyrethrum in Australia

Ray blight is a destructive fungal disease of pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) and a major threat to the Australian pyrethrum industry; the largest producer of pyrethrum worldwide. Multi-gene phylogenies and morphological studies resulted in the recognition of three Stagonosporopsis species as the cause of ray blight on Asteraceae. Stagonosporopsis tanacetiwas described as a new species and the cause of ray blight of pyrethrum in Australia. A de novo genome assembly of paired-end Illumina reads was used to develop a multiplex set of microsatellite markers, which was further employed for temporal and geographical genetic structure analyses of S. tanaceti populations in Australia. Identification of only one mating type gene in the population, high levels of clonality and significant linkage disequilibrium suggested sexual reproduction is absent or infrequent in the Australian pyrethrum fields. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) and minimum spanning networks detected two distinct clonal lineages in the older populations; each consisting of one dominant multilocus genotype (MLG) and multiple closely-related MLGs at low frequencies. This may be indicative of introduction of two clonal lineages; which have diversified independently in the apparent absence of a sexual stage in the field. Low geographical differentiation among fields in the absence of airborne sexual spores suggests that human-mediated movement of infected seed may be a major source of long distance dispersal. A significant change in the genetic composition of the recent populations of S. tanaceti was detected, which is unlikely to be the result of mutation or recombination, and is subject to further investigation

Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 3

This paper represents the third contribution in the Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi (GOPHY) series. The series provides morphological descriptions, information about the pathology, distribution, hosts and disease symptoms for the treated genera, as well as primary and secondary DNA barcodes for the currently accepted species included in these. This third paper in the GOPHY series treats 21 genera of phytopathogenic fungi and their relatives including: Allophoma, Alternaria, Brunneosphaerella, Elsinoe, Exserohilum, Neosetophoma, Neostagonospora, Nothophoma, Parastagonospora, Phaeosphaeriopsis, Pleiocarpon, Pyrenophora, Ramichloridium, Seifertia, Seiridium, Septoriella, Setophoma, Stagonosporopsis, Stemphylium, Tubakia and Zasmidium. This study includes three new genera, 42 new species, 23 new combinations, four new names, and three typifications of older names

Dynamic functional contribution of the water channel AQP5 to the water permeability of peripheral lens fiber cells

Although the functionality of the lens water channels aquaporin 1 (AQP1; epithelium) and AQP0 (fiber cells) is well established, less is known about the role of AQP5 in the lens. Since in other tissues AQP5 functions as a regulated water channel with a water permeability (PH2O) some 20 times higher than AQP0, AQP5 could function to modulate PH2O in lens fiber cells. To test this possibility, a fluorescence dye dilution assay was used to calculate the relative PH2O of epithelial cells and fiber membrane vesicles isolated from either the mouse or rat lens, in the absence and presence of HgCl2, an inhibitor of AQP1 and AQP5. Immunolabeling of lens sections and fiber membrane vesicles from mouse and rat lenses revealed differences in the subcellular distributions of AQP5 in the outer cortex between species, with AQP5 being predominantly membranous in the mouse but predominantly cytoplasmic in the rat. In contrast, AQP0 labeling was always membranous in both species. This species-specific heterogeneity in AQP5 membrane localization was mirrored in measurements of PH2O, with only fiber membrane vesicles isolated from the mouse lens, exhibiting a significant Hg2+-sensitive contribution to PH2O. When rat lenses were first organ cultured, immunolabeling revealed an insertion of AQP5 into cortical fiber cells, and a significant increase in Hg2+-sensitive PH2O was detected in membrane vesicles. Our results show that AQP5 forms functional water channels in the rodent lens, and they suggest that dynamic membrane insertion of AQP5 may regulate water fluxes in the lens by modulating PH2O in the outer cortex

Alfalfa and flax sprouts supplementation enriches the content of bioactive compounds and lowers the cholesterol in hen egg

Abstract The effect of dietary supplementation with flax and alfalfa sprouts (40 g/d) on bioactive compounds and cholesterol contents of hen's egg was examined. Thirty White Leghorn hens, 26 weeks of age, were fed, for 66 days, three diets that included control (standard diet – C), standard diet + alfalfa sprouts (A), and standard diet + flax sprouts (F). Productive performance of hens was recorded daily. The cholesterol content of plasma and yolk, and the presence of bioactive compounds in the egg, were also analysed. Supplementation of flax and alfalfa sprouts reduced plasma and egg cholesterol probably due to the synergy between different compounds of the sprouts (polyunsaturated fatty acids - PUFAs, lignans, isoflavones and sterols). Eggs from A and F groups also had higher contents of n-3 PUFA, vitamins (α-tocopherol, α-, γ-tocotrienol, retinol), carotenes (β-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin) and phytoestrogens (daidzein, equol, isolariciresinol) than eggs from the C group

Explaining the Link between Technostress and Technology Addiction for Social Networking Sites:A Study of ‘Distraction’ as a Coping Behavior

This paper investigates under what conditions stress from the use of SNS is linked to addiction to the use of the same SNS. Integrating three theoretical strands-the concept of feature-rich Information Technology (IT), the theory of technology frames, and distraction as a coping behaviour-we theorize two types of coping behaviours in response to stressors experienced from the use of SNS. These are - distraction through use of the same SNS and distraction through activities outside the use of the SNS. We hypothesize relationships between stressors from SNS use, the two coping behaviours and SNS addiction. We further articulate the role of SNS use habit. We test the hypotheses through a three-wave survey of 444 Facebook users with data collected at three different points in time. The paper's contributions are to theorize and empirically validate the psychological concept of distraction as a coping behaviour in response to stress from the use of SNS and, in doing so, explain why there may be a link between technostress from and technology addiction to the use of the same SNS

p53 Target Gene SMAR1 Is Dysregulated in Breast Cancer: Its Role in Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion

Tumor suppressor SMAR1 interacts and stabilizes p53 through phosphorylation at its serine-15 residue. We show that SMAR1 transcription is regulated by p53 through its response element present in the SMAR1 promoter. Upon Doxorubicin induced DNA damage, acetylated p53 is recruited on SMAR1 promoter that allows activation of its transcription. Once SMAR1 is induced, cell cycle arrest is observed that is correlated to increased phospho-ser-15-p53 and decreased p53 acetylation. Further we demonstrate that SMAR1 expression is drastically reduced during advancement of human breast cancer. This was correlated with defective p53 expression in breast cancer where acetylated p53 is sequestered into the heterochromatin region and become inaccessible to activate SMAR1 promoter. In a recent report we have shown that SMAR1 represses Cyclin D1 transcription through recruitment of HDAC1 dependent repressor complex at the MAR site of Cyclin D1 promoter. Here we show that downmodulation of SMAR1 in high grade breast carcinoma is correlated with upregulated Cyclin D1 expression. We also established that SMAR1 inhibits tumor cell migration and metastases through inhibition of TGFβ signaling and its downstream target genes including cutl1 and various focal adhesion molecules. Thus, we report that SMAR1 plays a central role in coordinating p53 and TGFβ pathways in human breast cancer